Research Notes


Map Group DOWER 1838
Dower 1838
DOWER'S MAP of HAMPSHIRE, scale about 4.5 miles to 1 inch, and a series of area maps, Environs of ..., Hampshire, by I Dower, Pentonville, London, were engraved for Robert Mudie's History of Hampshire, and published by James Robbins and D E Gilmour, Winchester, Hampshire, 1838. The map of Hampshire studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1999.97.
The museums service also has the book in its Library Collection, item HMCMS:B1990.1692.
MAP FEATURES
ELECTORAL DATA
AREA PLANS
REFERENCES
ITEMS in the Collection
The title page of volume 2 of MUDIE'S HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE reads:-
HAMPSHIRE: ITS PAST AND PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS; BY ROBERT MUDIE, ESQ. AUTHOR OF 'THE BRITISH NATURALIST,' 'FEATHERED TRIBES OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS,' 'MAN,' 'THE FOUR SEASONS,' 'THE FOUR ELEMENTS,' 'ASTRONOMY,' ETC. ETC. WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL AND WOOD. VOL. II. ... WINCHESTER: PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETOR, JAMES ROBBINS, COLLEGE STREET BY D. E. GILMOUR, HIGH STREET. LONDON: ORR AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW.
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MAP FEATURES
title    
map maker    
engraver    
publisher    
Printed upper left is:-
image snip from map
HAMPSHIRE OR SOUTHAMPTON
Printed at the bottom is:-
Drawn and Engraved for 'MUDIE'S HISTORY OF HAMPSHIRE,' by I. DOWER, Pentonville, London. Winchester: Published for the proprietor, Jas. Robbins, College Street, by D. E. Gilmour, Public Library, High Street.
orientation    
up is N    
The map has north at the top.

scale line    
scale    
population    
area    
The map has a scale line, chequered and labelled in miles, with one mile chequered in halves, labelled:-
image snip from map
Scale of Miles
8 miles = 46.7mm gives a scale 1 to 275691 assuming a statute mile, ie the map scale is about:-
1 to 280000
4 miles to 1 inch

lat and long scales    
image snip from map
Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a rectangular projection; chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The bottom scale is labelled:-
Longitude West from Greenwich
The scales are chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The bottom scale is labelled:-
Longitude West from Greenwich
Crude calculations from the positions of the scale marks show that the ratio of latitude to longitude scales is about 1.57. This is equal within errors to the value 1.585 correct for the latitude of Hampshire (51 degrees N) to give a 'square' plot. The meridians are vertical, the parallels are horizontal on the page. The graticule is rectangular.

lat and long measurements
The map includes from 0d 42m to 1d 53m W, from 50d 31m to 51d 23m N; the whole of Hampshire with the Christchurch area of Dorset, and the Isle of Wight.

descriptive text    
Printed below the scale is:-
HAMPSHIRE Contains 1628 Square Miles, 314700 inhabitants.
table of symbols    
Below the electoral data, upper left, is an explanation of boundaries:-
Boundary of Boroughs [dashed line]
Division of the County [dash dot dot dot line]
[Boundary of] County [dash x line]
Boundary of Division [dash small dot line]
(The word 'division' means more than one thing.)
Boundary of Hundreds [fine dotted line]
image snip from map

There is also an explanation:-
The Figures to the Towns shew the distance from London in Miles. those along the Roads from Town to Town.
sea area    
sea shaded    
The sea is shaded; some sea areas are labelled, eg:-
ENGLISH CHANNEL
SPITHEAD
SOUTHAMPTON WATER
coast line    
harbours    
headlands    
lighthouses    
image snip from map
The coast line is plain.
Besides clearly drawn estuaries some harbours are explicitly labelled, eg:-
Key Haven
PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR
Some headlands are noticed, eg:-
Stans Ore Point
Gillkicker Pt.
On Hurst Spit there is labelled:-
Light
and another on Tennyson Down above the Needles on the Isle of Wight.

coastal defence    
castles    
fortifications    
A number of the old coastal defence castles are noticed:-
image snip from map
Hurst Castle
Calshot Castle
Netley Castle
South Sea Castle
And artillery style fortifications are drawn around the Royal Naval Dockyard, Portsmouth and Gosport:-
image snip from map

rivers    
bridges    
ponds    
Rivers are drawn by wiggly lines, broad and shaded at the lower ends, tapering to a thin line upstream. Some brading is shown. Some rivers are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
River Enborne
R. Stour
Lymington R.
Anton or Test River
Bridges are fairly clearly indicated where roads cross and interupt streams. A bridge might be labelled, eg:-
Timsbury Br.
Rumbridge
image snip from map
Post Br
The last is Ports Bridge. I think the 2 rivers ought to have shading between them ie they are 1 broader river.
Ponds might be drawn as an outline, perhaps labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Fleet Pond
with the railway engraved over it. Alresford Pond is shown but not labelled.

relief    
hill hachuring    
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring, which in some places gets lost in other detail, and elsewhere confuses other detail. Some hills are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Longstock Hill
Catherington Down
Tower Hill
the last W of Over Wallop.
At least one 'pass' is noticed and labelled:-
Hampshire Gap
between Quarley Hill and the hills W of Over Wallop.

beacons    
Beacons are little noticed at this late date. There is no symbol, but two labels mark beacons:-
Popham Beacon
Beacon Hill F.
the second is a farm north of Exton.

woods    
forests    
trees    
Little tree symbols in clumps, indicate some woodland, with dotter lines for undergrowth. At least two of the old forests are labelled:-
NEW FOREST
Forest of Bere
the second being East Bere Forest.
A tree might be labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Royal Oak
south west of Fritham.

parks    
Some parks are drawn by an outline with a pecked interior, which mght be labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Rotherfield Park
Hackwood Park is larger and contains ?tree symbols. Some parks have a dot for a house.

county    
image snip from map
The county boundary is a dash x line. Adjacent counties are separated by boundary lines, and labelled, eg:-
SUSSEX
The detached part of Hampshire, North to South Ambersham, is drawn and labelled:-
PART OF HAMPSHIRE
settlements    
distances from London    
Settlements are approximately positioned by blocks, groups of blocks or just a cross, and differentiated by text style.
city    
town     		group of blocks usually at a road junction; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
image snip from map
WINCHESTER / 62
image snip from map
ALTON / 49
FAREHAM / 74
The figures are the distance from London.

village     a few blocks by the road, probably with a cross for the church, maybe just the cross; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Lower Wallop
Sherfield English
East Dean
hamlet    
farms     		a block or two, or none; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Middle Wallop
Upr Sombourn
Quite a number of farms are marked in this way, besides other features.


roads    
distances from start    
distances from London    
image snip from map
Roads are drawn by double lines; more important roads light bold, smaller roads narrower light light. Many roads are shown.
Road distances are given along some routes, for example from Winchester, marked every two miles, 2, 4, 6 etc, towards Basingstoke. This is presumably an indication that this route is slightly more important?

railways    
image snip from map
In 1838 there no railway had been completed in Hampshire, but the London and Southampton Railway, later the London and South Western railway, LSWR, was being built. Its Act passed in 1834, so its route was known and is shown on this map by a double line with cross bars. It is labelled:-
Southampton and London Railroad
Although the branch to Gosport was known in 1838 it is not suggested.
In places the railway looks as of it is added, it is engraved over other features, elsewhere a label is fitted to the line of rail, suggesting the label came after the railway.

canals    
image snip from map
Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light, perhaps labelled. The following canals are noticed:-
Basingstoke Canal     from Basingstoke to the Surrey border; labelled:-
Basingstoke Canal
the tunnel labelled:-
Tunnel
Andover Canal     from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:-
Andover C.
Salisbury and    
Southampton Canal     		from West Dean, Wiltshire to join the Andover Canal, near Mottisfont; not into Southampton; labelled:-
Salisbury and Southampton Ca.
Itchen Navigation     from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham
Portsmouth and    
Arundel Canal     		across Portsea Island; labelled:-
Canal
Titchfield Canal     drawn as a thick river; from Titchfield to The Solent at Hillhead.


miscellaneous    
The map is cluttered with miscellaneous detail which might repay systematic study.

wells    
Notice
Spire well
E of East Tytherley

race courses    
The race course N of Winchester is drawn by an oval dotted ring, labelled:-
image snip from map
Race Cou.
also labelled is:-
Stockbridge Race Gr.
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ELECTORAL DATA

This map was first published 1838 when the public was probably still very conscious of reforms in the system of parliamentary elections.

Printed in spare space upper left is basic electoral data:-
NORTH DIVISION | SOUTH DIVISION
PLACES OF ELECTION
Winchester | Southampton
Newport (I. of Wight)
BOROUGHS Returning 2 Members each
Andover Lymington Portsmouth Southampton Winchester Newport (I. of Wight)
1. Member each
Christchurch Petersfield
and a list of polling places.

Printed lower left and lower right are tables:-
REFERENCE TO THE DIVISIONS.
and:-
HUNDREDS AND LIBERTIES as Settled at the Easter Sessions 1834.

These tables build a concordance between the 13 electoral divisions and the hundreds, liberties, boroughs. Areas are keyed to the map by number. An electoral area might be made up of hundreds, or part hundreds, or liberties, towns, etc. For example:-
Romsey Division
Thorngate L. 1/2 H. ... 26
Kings Sombourne Do. ... 27
Redbridge Hundred ... 28, 29, 30
Romsey Town ... 31
L. 1/2 H. means Lower half Hundred.

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AREA PLANS

Mudie's History of Hampshire also included 6 area maps, the Environs of Winchester, Southampton, Petersfield, Portsmouth, Christchurch, and Andover; each of these is to a larger scale.
     
B1990.1692 book, not in map collection not included
FA1999.97 county map (uncoloured) scanned
B1990.1132.1 county map (coloured) scanned
B1990.1692 (in book) environs of Portsmouth not scanned
FA1999.144 environs of Andover scanned
FA1999.145 environs of Christchurch scanned
FA1999.146 environs of Southampton scanned
FA1999.158 environs of Petersfield scanned
FA1999.159 environs of Winchester scanned
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REFERENCES
Mudie, Robert: 1838: Hampshire: Robbins, James & Gilmour, D E & Orr and Co
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ITEMS  in HMCMS Map Collection   (scanned item in bold)
  HMCMS:B1990.1132.1 -- map
  HMCMS:FA1999.97 -- map
  HMCMS:FA1999.144 -- map Andover
  HMCMS:FA1999.145 -- map Christchurch
  HMCMS:FA1999.146 -- map Southampton
  HMCMS:FA1999.158 -- map Petersfield
  HMCMS:FA1999.159 -- map Winchester
  HMCMS:FA2001.57 -- map Southampton
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   All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources