Research Notes


Map Group DUNCAN 1833
Duncan 1833
Map, Hampshire, scale about 4.5 miles to 1 inch, by William Ebden, engraved by Hoare and Reeves, published by James Duncan, Paternoster Row, London, 1833-45.
The map was altered from Ebden's original by James Duncan to show the arrangements since the Reform Act, 1832.
The map size is: wxh, sheet = 38.5x46.5cm; wxh, map = 343x434mm.

Duncan's 'New Map of the County of Hampshire' 1833 is in the Map Collection, Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1999.63.
MAP FEATURES
ELECTORAL DATA
REFERENCES
ITEMS in the Collection
Published in 'A Complete County Atlas of England & Wales, containing Forty four superior maps. With all the improvements - projected or completed. Divided into Hundreds, With the District Divisions, and other Local Arrangements effected by the Reform Bill. London: Published by James Duncan, Paternoster Row.' 1833.
Published earlier by William Cole, London, 1825 as a loose sheet. Maps in the series are sometimes titled Hodgson's ..., an earlier publisher, or Ebden's ...
Published in another edition 1840; and perhaps again 1845.
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MAP FEATURES
title    
Printed lower right is a title:-
image snip from map
New Map of the County of HAMPSHIRE; Divided into Hundreds
Containing the District Divisions and other LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS effected by the REFORM BILL
orientation    
compass rose    
up is N    
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Printed on the left is a compass rose; no circle, star points for cardinal and half cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de lys. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.

scale line    
scale    
Printed lower centre is a:-
image snip from map
SCALE
chequered and labelled at 1 mile intervals. The 15 miles = 87.2 mm giving a scale 1 to 276837 assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:-
1 to 280000 ?
4 miles to 1 inch
A scale can be estimated from the scale of latitude, 40 mins lat = 267mm gives 1 to 277948, which agrees with the above.

lat and long scales    
image snip from map
Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a rectangular projection; chequered in minutes, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The map includes 0d 42m to 1d 58m W, 50d 28m to 51d 30m N; the whole of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The bottom scale is labelled:-
Longitude West from Greenwich
and the
longitude, Winchester = 1d 18m W
agrees with this.

table of symbols    
Printed upper left is an:-
image snip from map
EXPLANATION
Market Towns with the Distance from London in Measured Miles as ... SOUTHAMPTON 75
Churches and chapels ... [cross (+)]
Mail Roads ... [broad double line, light bold, plus dotted line down centre]
Turnpike Roads ... [broad double line, light bold]
Good Travelling Roads ... [narrow double line, light bold]
Bye Roads ... [narrow double line, light light]
Rivers ... [wiggly line]
Navigable Canals ... [triple line, light bold light]
Parks and Gentlemans Houses ... [outline with palings, pecked inside]
N.B. The figures on the Turnpike Roads express the Distance in measured Miles between one Market Town & another
Places returning Members as before ... [one or two stars]
- partially Disenfranchised (1 instead of 2) ... [circle and 1 star]
- wholly Disenfranchised ... [dot and circle]
-Enfranchised ... [bold line with 1 star, or with 2 stars]
- for Polling ... [large plus sign]
sea area    
sea plain    
depth contours    
The sea is plain; some sea areas are labelled, eg:-
ENGLISH CHANNEL
North Channel
Stokes Bay
SPITHEAD
In Southampton Water, the larger harbours, and off Lymington, there are ?depth contours showing the main channels.

coast line    
coast shaded    
headlands    
harbours    
image snip from map
The coast line shaded for emphasis.
The two larger harbours are labelled:-
PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR
LANGSTON HARBOUR
Some headlands are labelled, eg:-
Needs Ore Point
coastal defence    
castles    
fortifications    
The old coastal defence castles are mostly ignored, except:-
image snip from map
South Sea Castle
An angular line around Portsmouth suggests the town's fortifications.

rivers    
ponds    
bridges    
Rivers are shown by wiggly lines tapering upstream from their shaded estuary. Rivers may be labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Enborne R.
Beaulieu Riv.
Itching R.
Boldre W.
Braiding may be shown, for example the complicated streams of the Avon south of Ringwood:-
image snip from map
In a few rivers the navigable channel is indicated, for example in the estuary of the Itchen up to South Stoneham, where the navigation cuts begin.
All Hampshire's main rivers are shown, with some tributaries.
Alresford Pond is drawn, but not labelled. But:-
image snip from map
Woolmer Pond
Fleet Pond
are more clearly drawn in outline, and shaded. Other ponds are shown, for example in the park at Dogmersfield.
Bridges are mostly implied where roads cross, and interrupt, rivers. A few bridge places are named, eg:-
Red bridge [might be the settlement]
bridge [Test, S of Timsbury]
Pot Br. [N of Odiham]
relief    
hill hachuring    
image snip from map
Relief is shown by hill hachuring. While this is attractive to the eye, it does clutter up the engraving, and as it is done, in narrow ridges, doesn't provide an overall impression of the land form. A few hills are labelled, eg:-
Quarley Hill
Longstock H
Bridgers Hill [no hachures, NE of Liss]
Toot Hill [or is this the settlement?]
The last points up a general problem with labelling. English places names for settlements often arise out of geographic features. How do you know what is a name for a feature, and what for a settlement? And sometimes: what name is just a description of the feature, 'wooded hill', and what is a name 'Wooded Hill', when there is a tendency to label everything with leading capital letters.

beacons    
At Burley there is a label:-
image snip from map
Beacon
not clearly attached to any mark.
Beacon H
north of Exton could be labelling the settlement, but reminds us of the beacon. Otherwise beacons are not much noticed; they are not important in the early 19th century.

woods    
forests    
Groups of tree symbols mark woodland; there are more than just the 'old' forests. They might be labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Alice Holt W.
NEW FOREST
Otterwood [SE of Beaulieu]
Woolmer Forest is not marked by trees, which is right, nor labelled.

parks    
image snip from map
Parks are drawn in outline with vestigial fence palings. The interior is pecked and might have a building block, pond, etc. The parks shown include modern creations, eg:-
Rose Hill Pa.
south east of Malwood, as well as older parks, eg:-
Hockwood Park [Hackwood]
Some parks are labelled by their house, eg:-
Basing Ho. [SW of Colemere]
county    
image snip from map
The county boundary is a dashed line, except where another feature, river or road, takes over. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:-
SUSSEX
but their boundaries are not drawn. The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is shown, labelled:-
Pt. of Hampshire
and the two detached parts of Wiltshire are drawn on the northern border. A very few places, Farnham, Salisbury, Newbury, Ludgershall, Chichester, are marked and labelled, for continuity of the roads.

hundreds    
table of hundreds    
image snip from map
Hundred boundaries are dotted lines. The areas are labelled with a number keying it to a table of hundreds printed lower left:-
REFERENCE to the HUNDREDS
Pastrow ... 1
Evingar ... 2
Kingsclere ... 3
...
Be careful reading the numbers. The hundred numbers are a little larger, but easily confused with town distance and road distance numbers.

settlements    
distances from London    
electoral data    
Settlements are marked by groups of blocks, perhaps a cross (+) for a church. The smallest places might just have the cross. Places are differentiated by the style of their labelling, and may have extra symbols for their electoral function, which are described in the table of symbols.
city     group of blocks; labelled in upright block caps:-
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WINCHESTER / 63 [cross; 2 stars]
town     group of blocks; labelled in italic block caps, eg:-
image snip from map
PETERSFIELD / 54 [cross; 1 star]
STOCKBRIDGE / 66
The number with the name is the distance from London. A cross signifies a polling place; the stars indicate the number of members returned to Parliament.

village     group of blocks, and a cross for a church, perhaps just the cross; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Lower Wallop
hamlet     one or more blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Middle Wallop
Oakhanger
This style of lettering is also used for any other feature.

roads    
turnpike roads    
post roads    
road distances    
image snip from map
A comprehensive network of roads is shown by double lines. Four sorts of road are distinguished, explained in the table of symbols.
The greater roads, turnpikes, are drawn by broad double lines, light bold. Road distances from town to town are given by figures each mile, from a town - you might have to puzzle out which town, which way. Post roads have an additional dotted line down the middle. Other 'good' roads are drawn narrower, but with light and bold lines. Smaller 'bye' roads are narrow with light and light lines.
Route diagram:-

post roads     The post roads are:-
[London to Lands End Road] from Staines, Middlesex; across Surrey; then Blackwater, Hartford Bridge, Basingstoke, Whitchurch, Andover, and Middle Wallop, Hampshire; to Salisbury, Wiltshire, and west.
[London to Southampton Road] from Staines, Middlesex; across Surrey; across a corner of Hampshire; then Farnham, Surrey; through Alton, New Alresford, Winchester, to Southampton, Hampshire.
AND continued through Red Bridge, Cadnam, and Ringwood, Hampshire; into Dorset, towards Wimborne.
AND a branch off at Red Bridge, through Lyndhurst, to Lymington, Hampshire.
[London to Portsmouth Road] from Godalming, Surrey; through Liphook, Petersfield, Horn Dean, and Cosham, to Portsmouth, Hampshire.


canals    
image snip from map

Canals are shown by a triple curvy line, light bold light. The following are shown:-
Andover Canal     from Andover to Redbridge, labelled:-
Andover C.
Basingstoke Canal     from Basingstoke to the county boundary. Greywell Tunnel is dotted. A section at Dogmersfield Park is missing. The branch to Stratfield Turgis is not shown; it wasn't cut.

Itchen Navigation     from about South Stoneham to Winchester

Portsea Canal     across Portsea Island to Langston Harbour.

Salisbury and    
Southampton Canal     		from the county boundary to the Andover Canal near Kimbridge, but not from Redbridge to Southampton.

Titchfield Canal     not drawn as a canal, but a less wiggly line parallels the River Meon, from Titchfield to the sea.


miscellaneous    
The following have been noticed, but no systematic searches have been made.

mills    
North of East Woodhay is:-
Ball Mill
posts    
A number of posts are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Picked Post [ENE of Ringwood]
Welmer Post [ESE of Hale]
Winkton Post [NNW of Milton]
inns    
Some inns are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
The Hut [N of West Meon]
Rising Sun [N of Bashley]
Raven [E of Hook]
Public Ho. [N of Paultons Park]
Dean Gate Inn [W of Church Oakley]
The last is a reminder of turnpike gates.

mazes    
At Breamore the Miz Maze is labelled:-
The Maze
monuments    
North of Farley [Chamberlayne] is a:-
Monument
antiquities    
roman roads    
Running west from Winchester towards Broughton is a:-
image snip from map
Roman Road
race courses    
On the downs north of Winchester is a dotted oval labelled:-
image snip from map
Race Course
brick kilns    
South of West Tytherley is:-
Brick Kilns
gardens    
North of Lasham is a:-
Cabbage Garden
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ELECTORAL DATA

Printed lower left is a table of:-
DISTRICT DIVISIONS
North
Alton
Andover
Basingstoke
Kingsclere
Droxford
Odiham
Petersfield
Winchester
South
Fareham
Lymington
Ringwood
Romsey
Southampton
(Should it be Bishops Waltham rather than Droxford?)

It is interesting that this map, drawn very soon after the Reform Act 1832, shows changes as well as the new situation, it bothers to show the disenfranchisements:-
Places returning Members as before ... [one or two stars]
- partially Disenfranchised (1 instead of 2) ... [circle and 1 star]
- wholly Disenfranchised ... [dot and circle]
-Enfranchised ... [bold line with 1 star, or with 2 stars]
- for Polling ... [large plus sign]
As far as I can tell there are no newly enfranchised places marked in Hampshire; as far as I know there were none.

Printed lower centre of the map is:-
County Members 4. Elections at [bold square]

The electoral status of Hampshire's towns is summarised below:-
         
town   polling place of members?
    place election  
         
Alton   +    
Andover   +   2 members
Basingstoke   +    
Bishops Waltham   +    
Christ Church       1 member, was 2
Fareham   +    
Fordingbridge        
Gosport        
Havant        
Kingsclere   +    
Lymington   +   2 members
New Alresford        
Odiham   +    
Petersfield   +   1 member, was 2
Portsmouth   +   2 members
Ringwood   +    
Romsey   +    
Southampton   + [] 2 members
Stockbridge       none, was 2 members
Whitchurch       none, was 2 members
Winchester   + [] 2 members
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REFERENCES
Duncan, James: 1833 & 1840 & 1845: Complete County Atlas of England and Wales & New Atlas of England and Wales (and other titles?): Duncan, James (Paternoster Row, London)
Smith, David: 1991: Early Issues of William Ebden's English County Maps: Imago Mundi: vol.43: pp.48-58
ITEMS  in HMCMS Map Collection   (scanned item in bold)
  HMCMS:FA1997.109 -- map
  HMCMS:FA1998.215 -- map
  HMCMS:FA1999.63 -- map
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