notes Hughes 1840

	Research Notes Map Group HUGHES 1840

Hughes 1840
	Map, Journey Map of Hampshire, scale about 4.5 miles to 1 inch, by W Hughes, 1840, published by Charles Knight and Co, Ludgate Street, London, 1841.
	Published in 'THE JOURNEY-BOOK OF ENGLAND. HAMPSHIRE; INCLUDING THE ISLE OF WIGHT. WITH THIRTY-TWO ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, AND AN ILLUMINATED MAP OF THE COUNTY. LONDON: CHARLES KNIGHT AND CO., LUDGATE STREET. MDCCCXLI.' ie 1841.
	The only counties issued were Berkshire 1840, Derbyshire 1841, Hampshire 1841, and Kent 1842.
	The two sheet map studied is in the Library Collection of Hampshire CC Museum Service, item HMCMS:B1990.1004.1. One plate is loose; both plates are folded into the book near the beginning, and have become badly, wrongly, creased and are getting torn.
	MAP FEATURES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title map maker publisher	The title is printed upper left of the south sheet:- THE JOURNEY MAP OF HAMPSHIRE. The two sheets have sheet titles:- SOUTHERN DIVISION OF HAMPSHIRE NORTHERN DIVISION OF HAMPSHIRE printed top centre. At the bottom centre is:- London, Published, December 1, 1840, by Charles Knight & Co, Ludgate Street. At the bottom right of each sheet is:- W, Hughes who probably drew the maps, probably engraved the main plate and might have been involved in the lithograph plates. The map appears to have been printed in black on white from a copper plate engraving, the detail is fine. It has been coloured in areas by lithographic printing: the county is allover tan brown with roads shown reversed out in white; adjacent counties are diagonally shaded a light tab, the sea is horizontally shaded blue, parks are green. Errors in registration of the printings can be spotted easily. But also notice that the planning of the engraved and lithograph plates might not always agree; road edges are engraved line and can be seen to be different from the reversed out areas of the litho plate. The map is described as illuminated - meaning coloured? - on the title page of the book.
orientation north point up is N	Printed lower right on the south sheet is a north point; N-S line, North marked by an arrow; E-W cross line. The maps are printed with North at the top of the sheets.
lat and long scales	Both sheets have latitude and longitude scales for a rectangular projection printed in the borders; divided at one minute intervals, labelled at ten minute intervals. The bottom scale is labelled:- Longitude West from Greenwich The two maps include from 0d 49m to 1d 55m W, from 50d 36m to 51d 24m North; the whole of Hampshire and the Christchurch are of Dorset, and the Isle of Wight.
scale line scale	Both sheets have a scale line:- Scale of English Miles The scale is divided and labelled at 1 mile intervals. The 10 miles = 57.6 mm and 57.2 mm on the two sheets, giving an averaged scale 1 to 280374 assuming a statute mile, ie the map scale is about:- 1 to 280000 ? 4.5 miles to 1 inch
sea area sea shaded	The sea is shaded horizontally blue. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Christchurch Bay The Solent Spithead Southampton Water
coast line coast appearance lighthouses	The coast is just an engraved line. In places the coast appearance, eg cliffs, is drawn, as in Christchurch Bay. There is also a dotted foreshore line, whichshows channels in the harbours. Some coastal features are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head Needs Ore Point Gillkicker point Harbours are clearly drawn, and some are labelled:- Portsmouth Harbour Langston Harbour but not the smaller havens. A lighthouse is labelled at Hurst:- Light House
coastal defence castles fortifications	The old and newer defences along the coast are marked, labelled:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle Netley Castle Sth. Sea Castle Cumberland Fort Artillery style polygonal fortifications are shown at Portsmouth, Portsea, Gosport and along the north shore of Portsea Island. Fortifications are suggested by the shape of Cumberland Fort.
rivers bridges ponds	Rivers are drawn by a double wiggly line, which becomes a bold or less bold single line further inland. Braiding and islands are indicated. Many rivers are labelled, eg:- Riv. Avon River Itchin River Anton, or Test Bridges are indicated by an interuption to the river where a road crosses; the registration is sufficiently good (remember that roads are shown reversed out ie white on colour from the litho stone for the county area colour, and do not have engraved edges) to match roads to crossings. A bridge might be labelled, eg:- Hartford Bre. A pond might be drawn in outline, with blue shading, and labelled, eg:- Woolmer Pond Fleet Pond
relief hill hachuring spot heights	Relief is shown by hill hachuring, and might be labelled, eg:- Portsdown, 447 Butser Hill, 917 The figure is a height in feet. A few other hills are named, eg:- Old Winchester Hill St Catherine's Hill
woods forests	Woods and forests are shown by small bushes and trees and horizontal dotted lines to indicate undergrowth. This marking is done in many parks. Some forests are labelled, eg:- Forest of Bere Alice Holt Forest which have trees, and, for example:- Woolmer Forest which, correctly, doesn't have trees. Some woodland is shown as a small enclosure which could be confused with a park, eg:- Pamber Forest
parks	Parks are shown by a line enclosing an area of trees etc, coloured green. Only some parks are labelled, eg:- Bramshill Park Warnborugh Park [sic] Some of these areas are woodland enclosures, nuut these are usually not coloured
county electoral divisions table of divisions	The county boundary is an engraved dotted line, and the county area is coloured tan, printed from a separate litho plate. The external part of Hampshire now part of West Sussex, around Ambersham, is shown. Adjacent counties are shaded light tan, and labelled, eg:- WILTSHIRE Rivers and a few settlements are drawn outside the county. The north and south electoral divisions are bounded by a fine dotted line; the two sheets represent the two divisions. The same sort of line is used to divide the county into smaller electoral areas. These areas are labelled in roman numerals, keyed to a table of these divisions on the south sheet, eg:- References to the Divisions. Odiham ........ I Basingstoke ... II etc.
settlements streets distances from London	Settlements are shown by blocks, singly for the smallest, grouped into streets of buildings for the largest. A cross marks villages.
city	streets of blocks; labelled with upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER / 61 1/2

town	streets of blocks; mostly labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Odiham / 40 Lymington / 88 but also note, in upright block caps:- PORTSMOUTH / 72 SOUTHAMPTON / 77 The figures by town names are the distances from London. Explanatory text under the title on the south sheet:- The Figures appended to the Market Towns shew their distance in Miles from London ...

village	a cross (+); labelled in italic lowercsae text, eg:- Selbourne Brockenhurst Chawton has a double cross (like a cross of Loraine)

hamlet	single block; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Oakhanger Finchdean This symbol might mark other small features.

roads	Roads are shown reversed out, white on tan on one of the lithograph plates; there are engraved double lines, but these are very feint. The registration between printings from the engraved and litho plates is moderately good but the small errors are made worse by the lack of exact agreement between what was engraved and what was drawn on the litho plate. The method of printing prevents the roads interfering with the clarity of other features. Roads are differentiated by width. An explanation printed under the title on the south sheet:- ... The Roads are indicated by the White Lines which cross the Map. It is possible to pick out major routes fairly easily:- Blackwater, Basingstoke, Whitchurch, Andover, westwards towards Bath, Barnstable, or Lands End via Salisbury. Basingstoke, Sutton Scotney, Stockbridge, westwards via Salisbury. Basingstoke, Winchester, Southampton. Southampton, Romsey, westwards. Farnham, Alton, New Alresford, Winchester. Winchester, Stockbridge, westwards. Alton, Meon Valley, Gosport. Alton, Petersfield, Horndean, Portsmouth. (Surrey,) Petersfield, Horndean, Portsmouth. Newbury, Basingstoke, Alton, Petersfield, eastwards. Southampton, Fareham, Havant, eastwards via Chichester. ETC; this is a quick review, not a definitive list!
railways	The first railways in Hampshire are shown, overprinted in red, named in black engraved text; stations labelled:- Station Two railways are shown (remember that the routes are declared and authorised earlier than the date of opening):-
London and Southampton Railway	opened 1840; from Surrey near Farnborough, stations at Winchfield, Basingstoke, near Popham ie Micheldever, Winchester, and Southampton. London & Southwestern Railway

London and Southampton Railway	opened 1842; from a junction at Bishopstoke, through Fareham to Gosport; no stations marked. Gosport Junction Railway

canals	Canals are shown as a bold line, and perhaps labelled. The following canals are shown:-
Basingstoke Canal	from Basingstoke to the Surrey border, labelled:- Basingstoke Canal
Andover Canal	from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:- Andover Canal
Salisbury and Southampton Canal	from near Salsibury to join the Andover Canal near Mottisfont, and from redbridge through Southampton, to the River Itchen; labelled:- Branch of Canal to Salisbury (incomplete)
Itchen Navigation	from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal	across Portsea Island, labelled:- Canal

Titchfield Canal	from Titchfield to The Solent near Hillhead.

miscellaneous
hospitals	South of Gosport is:- Haslar Hospital
monuments	At the west end of Portsdown is:- Nelson's Monument
race courses	A race course is shown as an oval double line north of Kings Worthy:- Race Course To the NW of Stockbridge is:- Stockbridge Race Ground etc.
antiquities hillforts tumuli	A hillfort might be drawn by a double dotted ring, and labelled, eg:- Deanbury Hill On Toot Hill there is:- Anct. Entrnt. And tumuli are noticed by small circles, as:- North east of Horndean.
antiquities roman roads roads	Some roman roads are labelled, eg:- Roman Road For example between Silchester and Salisbury. Also labelled is:- Harrow Way
iron works	The iron works ate Sowley has become Sowley Forge
salterns	South west of Lymington the salterns are drawn, but not labelled:-
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:B1990.1004.1 -- map
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