Research Notes


Map Group KELLY 1875
Kelly 1875
Post Office Map of Hampshire, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, published in the Post Office Directory for Hampshire, by Kelly and Co, Post Office Directory Offices, 51 Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, 1875.

The directory is in the Library Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:B1964.17. The map is item HMCMS:B1964.17.1. Being pasted in the directory it is wrinkled and tearing; but it is not desirable to remove it from its proper place.
The map size is: wxh, sheet = 25.5x34cm; wxh, map = 222x279mm.

DIRECTORY TITLE
MAP FEATURES
PLACE MARKS PUZZLE
RAILWAYS
ITEMS in the Collection
DIRECTORY TITLE
The title page of the directory reads:-
THE POST OFFICE DIRECTORY OF HAMPSHIRE, INCLUDING THE ISLE OF WIGHT; WILTSHIRE & DORSETSHIRE. WITH MAPS ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY FOR THE WORK. EDITED BY E. R. KELLY, M.A., F.S.S.
LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY KELLY AND CO., 51, GREAT QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. W.C. (FORMERLY OF OLD BOSWELL COURT, ST. CLEMENT'S, STRAND. W.C.) MDCCCLXXV. PRICE TO SUBSCRIBERS, TWENTY-FIVE SHILLINGS. - NON-SUBSCRIBERS, THIRTY SHILLINGS.
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MAP FEATURES
title    
map maker    
publisher    
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Printed upper left:-
POST OFFICE MAP OF HAMPSHIRE. 1875.
Printed at the bottom:-
Kelly & Co. Post Office Directory Offices, 51, Gt. Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.
Below this is a scale line, below which is the general information:-
Hampshire contains 1,628 square Miles & 544,684 Inhabitants
orientation    
north point    
up is N    
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Printed upper right is a north point; N-S line, E-W cross line, North marked by a 'star' of 8 radiating lines. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.

scale line    
scale    
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Printed upper left, below the title, is a:-
SCALE OF MILES
chequered and labelled in miles. The 10 miles = 40.5 mm giving a scale 1 to 397369 assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:-
1 to 400000
6 miles to 1 inch

lat and long scales    
image snip from map
Along the borders of the map there are small gradation marks, without any labelling. These are latitude and longitude scales, marks at 10 minute intervals. The 1 degree W meridian marks are the ones that line up with the left part of Hayling Island; the 51 degree N marks roughly line up with Petersfield.
The ratio of longitude scales top/bottom is about 0.96, about correct for a trapezoidal projection at this spread of latitude. The ratio of latitude to longitude scales is about 1.28, not quite right for a 'square' map at this latitude.

sea area    
sea shaded    
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The sea area is shaded near land; some areas are labelled, eg:-
ENGLISH CHANNEL
SPITHEAD
Stokes Bay
coast line    
coast shaded    
headlands    
harbours    
lighthouses    
The coast line is emphasised by more shading.
image snip from map
Some headlands are labelled, eg:-
Hengistbury Head
Needs Oar Point
Stone Pt.
The larger harbours are labelled, eg:-
PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR
LANGSTON HARBOUR
And on Hurst Spit there is a:-
Light Ho.
coastal defence    
castles    
fortifications    
Some of the coastal defences are noticed; early castles and later fortifications, etc:-
Hurst Cas.
Calshot Castle
Netley Cas.
Hosp [Haslar]
[fortification round Portsmouth and the dockyard]
South Sea Castle
Cumberland Fort
rivers    
bridges    
ponds    
image snip from map
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering upstream. Braiding might be suggested, as at Ringwood. Some rivers are labelled, eg:-
Anton R. [Test]
Blackwater River
River Enborne
All the major river systems seem to be represented, with some tributaries.
Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream. At Christchurch the bridge over the Avon seems to be missing, or is completely masked by the shading in the river estuary.
image snip from map
A few bridges are labelled, eg:-
Palmers Br [SW of East Wellow]
Steaford Br
over the Slea by Headley Pond.
Some ponds are noticed. Fleet Pond is drawn in outline, unlabelled. One of the ponds at Woolmer is drawn in outline with shading, perhaps labelled:-
Headley P
Another:-
Woolmer Pond
is labelled, but not drawn.
Newram Springs
are labelled, south of Basingstoke.
relief    
hill hachuring    
image snip from map
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. This is neatly engraved and suggests various ranges of hills in the north of the county, around Winchester, parts of the South Downs, etc. Some hills are labelled, eg:-
Longstock Hill
Catherington Down
Toot Hill
Magdalen Hill
The last having no hachures. It is difficult to read amongst the hachuring, but there appears to be an altitude given at:-
Bulser Hill 91[7] F[t]
The spot height for Butser Hill is 270 metres = 885 feet. 917 feet is nearly 280 metres.

beacons    
Beacons are not much noticed on this map, but might be implied by a hill (or farm) name, as:-
Beacon Hill [Fm]
north of Exton. And just to the west of Burley is labelled:-
Beacon
woods    
forests    
trees    
image snip from map
Woodland is indicated by groups of little tree and bush symbols, with dotting to suggest undergrowth and rough ground. Wooded areas might be labelled, eg:-
NEW FOREST
Forest of Bere [East Bere Forest]
And some woods might be labelled, but have no tree symbols, eg:-
Queens Wood [by Tytherley]
Woolmer Forest
The latter never was much wooded. Some woods are enclosed, as at Farley.

parks    
Parks might be drawn in outline, with a pecked interior, and perhaps other features. A park might be labelled with a name or a house name, eg:-
image snip from map
Herriard Park
Dogmersfield Ho
county    
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The county boundary is a dash dot line. The boundary between adjacent counties is suggested, and these are labelled, eg:-
DORSETSHIRE
Some settlements, roads and railways, are drawn outwith the county, to set Hampshire in its context.

electoral data    
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A dot dot dash line divides the county into two large electoral areas:-
NORTH DIVISION
SOUTH DIVISION
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Dotted lines then divide the areas into 'divisions' labelled 1..14 (including the Isle of Wight), the numbers explained in a table printed lower left:-
References to the Divisions
1 Odiham
2 Basingstoke
...
13 Ringwood
...
The borough areas are bounded by dashed lines. Printed lower right is:-
The County returns to Parliament 4 members
The Borough of Andover ... 1 Do.
... ... Lymington ... 1 Do.
... ... Portsmouth ... 2 Do.
... ... Southampton ... 2 Do.
... ... Winchester ... 2 Do.
... ... Christchurch ... 1 Do.
... ... Petersfield ... 1 Do.
... ... Lymington ... 1 Do.
... ... Lymington ... 1 Do.
settlements    
Settlements are drawn by groups of blocks, perhaps with a cross for a church, differentiated by size of group and style of lettering.
city     group of blocks; labelled in upright block caps:-
image snip from map
WINCHESTER
town     group of blocks; labelled in slightly smaller upright block caps, eg:-
image snip from map
Basingstoke
Portsmouth
Notice that Fordingbridge is in lowercase.

The '21' market towns are all shown on the map, mostly spelled as we do today. There is one spelling mistake, it cannot be anything else:-
Romsley
The 21 towns are labelled as towns, upright block caps, except Fordingbridge given in lowercase.
village     a few blocks, and probably a cross for a church; labelled, in upright lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Upper Wallop
Dummer
hamlet     a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
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Oakhanger
Egbury
This style of lettering is used generally for other feature labels.


roads    
image snip from map
Roads are drawn by a double line, solid or dotted presumably indicating fenced or unfenced roads. Roads are graded into major and minor, broader and narrower double line.
Some of the major roads have one line bolder; on some maps this indicates turnpikes or post roads, but what it means here is not stated. A turnpike gate might be noticed, eg:-
Penerley Gate [near Beaulieu]
but 1875 is after the heyday of the turnpike system.
At least a couple of road junctions are named:-
Lobcombe Corner
Balls Corner [E of Binsted]
canals    
Canals are drawn by a medium bold curvy line, and might be labelled.
image snip from map
Basingstoke Canal    
Basingstoke Can.
Andover Canal     can be seen alongside the Andover and Redbridge Railway, part obscured, not shown into Southampton.
Andover can
Portsmouth and    
Arundel Canal     		can be seen across Portsea Island; not labelled.

Titchfield Canal     can be seen from Titchfield to the coast; not labelled.

Salisbury and    
Southampton Canal     		drawn from about Alderbury, Wiltshire, towards the Andover Canal, obscured by railway.
Salisbury and Southampton Canal
Itchen Navigation     perhaps can be seen alongside the River Itchen, up to Winchester.


miscellaneous    


mills    
water mills    
A mill might be noticed, eg:-
Riseley Mill [N of Heckfield]
Mill [E of Petersfield]
salterns    
On the coast between Lymington and Milton are:-
Salt Works
brickworks    
Brick Kilns [N of Bishops Sutton]
inns    
An inn might be noticed, eg:-
Rising Sun [Wooton, New Forest]
race courses    
Some race courses are noticed, eg:-
Race Course [N of Lyndhurst]
Race Course [Worthy Down]
Race Course [NW of Stockbridge
the last with a dotted oval.

posts    
Notice
Picked Post [ENE of Ringwood]
Woolmer Post [W of Bramshaw]
and perhaps others?

antiquities    
tumuli    
See:-
Kent Barrow
north of Middle Wallop, but little else is noticed.

follies    
North of Southwick is a:-
Folly
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PLACE MARKS PUZZLE
There are unexplained marks against some towns and small places on the map. One symbol is a horizontal rectangular box, divided horizontally (a bit like an elevation drawing of a sandwich). Another symbol is a many rayed star, bigger than an asterisk. These look as if they are some sort of coding for status, or particular feature, of the marked settlements. As far as I can make out the symbols do not relate to the size of the place, or its electoral status, etc. They might be post stages? but they do not make good sense for this. They might be polling places? The following tabulation of the places, marks, members returned to Parliament, name of electoral division which might be relevant, doesn't solve the mystery. The 'code' is used for the '21' old market towns; the place name is given as spelled on the map:-
             
code place   star box members division
             
ALT ALTON   star box   Alton Division
AND ANDOVER   star box 1 Andover Division
BSK BASINGSTOKE   star box   Basingstoke Division
BWM BISHOPS WALTHAM   star box    
CHR CHRISTCHURCH   star box 1  
FRH FAREHAM   star box   Fareham Division
FDB Fordingbridge   star      
GOS GOSPORT     box    
HVN HAVANT   star box    
KCL KINGSCLERE   star box   Kingsclere Division
LMG LYMINGTON   star box 1 Lymington Division
ALR NEW ALRESFORD   star      
ODH ODIHAM   star box   Odiham Division
PTF PETERSFIELD   star   1  
POR PORTSMOUTH   star box 2  
RGW RINGWOOD   star ?box   Ringwood Division
ROM ROMSLEY   star box   Romsey Division
SOT SOUTHAMPTON   star box 2 Southampton Division
STB STOCKBRIDGE   star      
WHC WHITCHURCH   star      
WIN WINCHESTER   star box 2 Winchester Division
             
  Botley   star      
  Bramshot   star      
  Droxford   star      
  Emsworth   star      
  Farnborough   star      
  Horn Dean   star      
  Hythe   star    
  Lyndhurst   star    
  Overton   star      
  Totton   star    
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RAILWAYS
railways    
image snip from map
Railways are drawn by a bold line. From the way the engraving overruns existing place names, etc, though the line is modified not to obscure these labels, it could be that railways have been added to an earlier engraved plate. Stations are marked by a dot and labelled:-
STA
The railways shown in Hampshire are:-
     London and Southampton Railway
1840
LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAIL
     Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway
1842

     Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway
1847
BRIGHTON & CHICHESTER RAILWAY
     Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway
1847
SALISBURY RAILWAY
     Southampton and Dorchester Railway
1847
SOUTHAMPTON & DORCHESTER RAILWAY
     Berkshire and Hampshire Railway
1848
BERKS AND HANTS RAILWAY
     Fareham to Cosham branch railway
1848

     Reading Guildford and Reigate Railway
1849
READING AND GUILDFORD RAILWAY
     Farnham to Alton branch railway
1852

     Basingstoke and Salisbury Railway
1857

     Lymington Railway
1858

     Portsmouth Railway
1859

     Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway
1862

     Bishops Waltham Railway
1863

     Stokes Bay railway and Pier Company
1863; the pier is drawn and labelled
Pier
     Petersfield Railway
1864

     Andover and Redbridge Railway
1865

     Mid Hants, Alton Lines, Railway
1865

     Salisbury and Dorset Junction Railway
1866

     Southampton and Netley Railway
1866; not as extended to Fareham (1886)

     Hayling Railway
1867

There is no hint of the Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway or Swindon, Grafton and Marlborough Railway both authorised in 1873.

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ITEMS  in HMCMS Map Collection   (scanned item in bold)
  HMCMS:B1964.17.1 -- map
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