Map Group KITCHIN 1752 (large)
The map uses existing sources, of which Isaac Taylor's survey, published 1759, is important.
monumental cartouche
map maker
publisher
A NEW Improved MAP of / HAMPSHIRE / from the best SURVEYS & INTELLIGENCES / Divided into its / HUNDREDS / Shewing the several ROADS and true / Measured Distances between Town and Town / ALSO / the Rectories & Vicarages the Parks and / Seats of the Nobility & Gentry with / other useful Particulars / Regulated by ASTRONL. OBSERVATIONS. / By T, Kitchin Geographer.Beside and before the block of stone are trees and bushes, a bit of thatched roof, bee skep on a shelf, a three masted square rigged ship off shore, fishing nets, a basket of ?oysters, two large round flat ?cheeses, a rake, sheaf of wheat, sickle. a dead ?boar, anchor, etc etc.
Bottom centre of the sheet is:-
Printed Per R: Sayer in Fleet Street, Carrington Bowles in St. Pauls Church Yard, & R Wilkinson No.58 Cornhill
coat of arms
map maker
scroll cartouche
To the Most Noble / Charles Pawlet, / Duke of Bolton. / Knight of the Garter. / Lord Lieutenent of the County of SOUTHAMPTON / This MAP is dedicated by His Grace's / Most Obedt. humble Servt. / Thos. Kitchin.The family motto is given under the coat of arms:-
AIMEZ LOYAUTEie Love Loyalty.
compass rose
There is a compass rose. This is a simple design; a circle with N-S line and E-W cross line, marking the four cardinal points, North is marked with a fleur de lys, East By a cross.
scale
British Statute Miles 69 to a Degree.The 12 miles = 100.4mm giving a scale 1 to 192352 assuming a modern mile, scale about:-
1 to 190000
3 miles to 1 inchAnother estimate of scale can be made from town positions, comparing known town-town distances using DISTAB.exe. The map scale is about:-
1 to 190000
3 miles to 1 inch
Longitude W. from London.More notes about lat and long scales see below.
bottom left SY720657
top left ST717640
top right SU993645
bottom right SZ997662
EXPLANATION
The Market Towns & Villages on the Roads, are Ichnographically laid down.
The Parliamentary Boroughs have Stars annexed to them.
The Market Days are annexed to their respective Towns.
Vicarages [circle, cross, 'V']
Rectories [circle, cross, R]
Post Stages [line and crescent]
Charity Schools [cross ?pattee]
Religious Houses [line and tilde, perhaps an episcopal crook]
Parks [ring of palings]
Villages [circle]
Gentlemens Seats [circle and flag]
The Direct and principal Cross Roads are Marked where Open or Heathy thus [double dotted line] and the Distances between Market Towns thereon, are laid down in Measured Miles and Furlongs.
NB A Furlong is the eighth part of a Mile.
sea plain
Haling Bay
Spit Head
ENGLISH CHANNEL
coast form lines
harbours
The coast is drawn with form lines, continued into harbours and river estuaries. Some harbours are labelled, eg:-
Langston Harbour
Lymington Hav.
Christ Church Harb.but not Portsmouth Harbour!
castles
fortifications
Hurst C.
Calshot Castle
Netley Castle
Worth Castle
South Sea C.
Block H.Some of these are marked with just a circle; others have a drawing of a castle, towers etc.
Polygonal artillery fortifications are drawn around Portsmouth:-
and to the north of Ports Bridge, labelled:-
A FortInland castles are drawn at Malwood and Odiham.
bridges
Beauley RBraiding might be shown, for example south of Stockbridge:-
and ponds might be shown, eg:-
Mill PondBridges are implied by roads crossing and interupting a stream. Some are labelled, eg:-
Ivy Br.
Red bridge
at Christchurch, the road narrowing over the bridges.
clearly showing two crossings over the 'Tees R' ie River Test. A bridge might be shown without there being a road, eg:-
hillocks
Overall they give little impression of the 'bones' of the county, they are just a clutter of symbols. There is some variation in symbol size, and some groupings of the slightly larger symbols, for example around Wherwell, and perhaps for Portsdown. Perhaps separated out, viewed by themselves they may make more sense.
Lomer Beaconand the same at:-
Selbone Beacon
forests
The map is littered with tiny tree symbols, with a shadow to the east. These have no overall impression of being grouped into woods or forests, but some forests are labelled, eg:-
Buckholt Forest
New Forest
Pamber Forest
Basing HouseSome are named, eg:-
Preeve Park
Tremanton ParkOthers are not named. Some are drawn very indistinctly: look carefully, eg:-
The county boundary is a bold dashed line. On the example studied this is tinted along with the hundred boundaries. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:-
SURREYSome places outside the county are drawn for the sake of continuity, Farnham for instance, one of the main roads.
The hundreds boundaries are dotted lines, tinted. Hundreds are labelled within their areas, eg:-
BARTON STACEY HUND.
EAST MEAN HUNDRED
ALTON HUND:Small detached parts are numbered, eg:-
1
10refering to a table of parts of hundreds, in which:-
1. Part of Budlesgate Hundred
10. ... ... Sutton. ...
streets
market days
The Market Towns & Villages on the Roads, are Ichnographically laid down.ie they are shewn by groups of blocks arranged on a street plan. There are additional symbols, described in the table of symbols, for :-
The Parliamentary Boroughs have Stars annexed to them.It is probably safe to assume that the number of stars represents the number of members sent to Parliament.
Vicarages have a cross and a 'V', rectories a cross and an 'R'; there are also letters '[Ch]', 'Cu' and 'A Donative' indicating their ?ecclesiastical status?
Market days are given:-
The Market Days are annexed to their respective Towns.
WINCHESTER
Market W & Swhich has 2 stars, a crescent, a tilde: sends two members to Parliament, is a Post Stage, has a Religious House, markets on Wednesday and Saturday.
Andover
Market Sat.There is a V for vicarage, a crescent for post stage, a tilde or perhaps shepherd's crook for a religious house, a cross for charity school. Or:-
Stockbridge
Markt. Thursd.with two stars and a crescent: sends two members to Parliament, is a Post Stage, market on Thursday.
But the style is not consistent, Fareham, for example, is shown by the older style of a circle for position, buildings and towers.
FarhamThe roads in a town are drawn to show the street plan of the settlement, eg:-
at Lymington.
Stoke Charity Rhaving a rectory.
A village on a road may have groups of blocks along the road, eg at Cheriton on the road from Petersfield to Winchester.
Sutton
Suberton
Titchfield House
but:-
The Direct and principal Cross Roads are Marked where Open or Heathy thuswith a double dotted line
Across the middle of some road segments, within a circle, are road distances.
Distances between Market Towns thereon, are laid down in Measured Miles and Furlongs.There is often an indication of where the road is going, eg:-
6.6 Whitchurch to AndoverAt the bottom of the table of symbols is a handy reminder:-
NB A Furlong is the eighth part of a Mile.Roads out of the county might be labelled with their destination:-
to ChichesterAll the Ogilby routes across the county are included, with, by this later date, extra main roads such as: Winchester to Fareham, Cosham Havant, Chichester; Petersfield to Havant; Winchester to Stockbridge etc; Romsey to Fordingbridge and west; Lymington to Southampton, via Lyndhurst and via Bealieu and Hythe, but both via Redbridge.
longitude W. from London.
Summary
Sheared rectangular latitude and longitude scales.
Parallels aligned horizontally to the page; meridians 2.6 degrees E of W.
Ratio of lat/long correct ratio for Hampshire.
from the best SURVEYS & INTELLIGENCES
Regulated by ASTRONL. OBSERVATIONS.
Town Positions
Average latitude error = 01.5 minutes
rms deviation = 0.9 mins
Average longitude error = -06.7 minutes
rms deviation = 4.6 mins
rms deviation in latitude = 1.0 miles, 1.2 cm on map
rms deviation longitude = 3.3 miles, 3.9 cm on map
Earls and Dukes of Southampton
Seats of the Nobility
Livings in the Town of Southampton
Livings in the City of Winchesterand descriptions of towns, and some other features.
Earls & Dukes of Southampton.
1537. William Fitzwilliam, Lord Admiral.
1547. Thomas Wriothsley, Lord Chancellor, succeeded by Henry, and in 1581 by another Henry, and he by Thomas Wriothsley, Lord Treasurer, in 1624.
1670. Barbara Villiers, Wife of Roger Palmer Earl of Castlemain, was created Countess of Southampton. Charles Palmer, her illegitimate son by King Charles II. was created Duke in 1675.
1730. He dying was succeeded by his eldest survivd. Son William Duke of Cleveland and Southampton, who married Lady Harriot Finch, but he is now a Widower and without Issue.
Seats of Nobility &c.
Duke of Bolton, at Hawkwood and Basing.
Duke of Chandois, at Biddesden.
Earl of Anglesey, at Farnburgh.
Earl of Portsmouth, at Husbands.
Earl of Shaftesbury, at Rockburn.
Ld. Anson, at Soberton.
Ld. Delawar, at Boldrewood.
Ld. Mountjoy, at Moyles Court.
Ld. Talbot, at Redrice.
Barrington Bt. at Swainston.
Heathcot Bt. at Hursley.
Oglander Bt. at Nunwell.
Steward Bt. at Hartley.
Tichburn Bt. at Tichburn.
Wolsley Bt. at Chilton.
Mr. Delmy, at Quarley and Titchfield.
Mr. Henley, at Grange near Alresford.
Mr. Summner, at Longwood.
Mr. Whithed, at Southwick.
Livings in the Town of Southampton.
All Saints ... ... ... ... ... R
Jesus ... ... ... ... ... ... Ch
St. Johns ... ... ... ... ... R
St. Laurence . ... ... ... ... R
St. Michael .. ... ... ... ... V
Livings in the City of Winchester.
St. Bartholomew .. ... ... ...
St. John . ... ... ... ... ... R
St. Laurence . ... ... ... ... R
St. Maurice .. ... ... ... ... R
St. Michael .. ... ... ... ...
St. Peter Cheese-Hill ... ...
St. Swithin over KingsGate ...
St. Thomas ... ... ... ... ...
Trinity .. ... ... ... ... ...
Andover gives Title of Vicount to the Earl of Berkshire.
Basing gives Title of Baron St. John to His Grace the Duke of Bolton, whose Seat here was built by his Ancestor John, Marquis of Winchester; out of the Ruins of Basing House, which was formerly a Garrison for King Charles the first, & was often besieg'd by the Parliament in vain: but taken by Storm by Oliver Cromwell, Octr. 14. 1645. and the Marquis with 400 others imprison'd. The Marquis from its gallant Defence call'd the House Love Loyalty, which he caus'd to be written on every Window of it; & those words in French Aimez Loyaute, have been ever since the Motto of the family.
Gosport is a Town of great Trade, having communication with Portsmouth by Boats, passing from one to the other.
Hampshire affords plenty of Corn, Cattle, Wool, Wood, and Iron, but is particularly esteem'd for its excellent Honey and Bacon. Its Manufactures are Kersies & Stuffs; The Air is temperate, and the Soil fertile in all sorts of Grain. As its Coasts furnish Oysters, Lobsters, and other Salt -water Fish, so its Rivers abound in fresh Fish, especially Trouts. Here are many convenient Harbours which bring a great Foreign trade to it. And indeed, there is not a more inviting County in Great Britain, as well for Profit as Pleasure.
Hurst Castle was built by King Henry VIII. for the Defence of New Forest. King Chs. I. was imprison'd here three weeks. This with Calshot, St. Andrews, and Netley Castles, are a perfect Security to the Bay of Southampton.
Kingsclear is noted for having been the Seat of the Saxon Kings.
Lymington gives Title of Vicount to Jno. Wallop, so created by his late Majesty King George I.
New Forest was so call'd by William the Conqueror, who destroy'd all that part of the Country for thirty Miles round, which contain'd many Towns, Villages, & Churches; two of his Sons viz. Richard, & Willm. Rufus both lost their Lives in this Forest. In the last Century it was well stock'd with all sorts of Deer, & the Stags were very large.
Odiam was formerly of Note for its Royal Palace and strong Castle, which in K. John's time was defended against Lewis the Dauphin, & the Barons Army, for 15 Ds. by 13 Men only. In the Reign of Edwd. III. David K. of Scots was kept prisoner here: It was the Birth place of that famous Grammarian, Mr. Willm. Lilly Master of St. Paul's School.
Portsmouth is a famous Port strongle fortified; The Harbour is so large & good that all the Men of War in Europe may safely ride there together: 'Tis a Place of good Trade, very populace, & a Nursery for Seamen. Louisa de Queronaille was created by Chas. II. in 1673, Baroness of Petersfield, Countess of Farham, & Dutchess of Portsmouth, all in this Shire. Wallop Vict. Lymington was created El. of Portsmouth 1744.
Ringwood a large thriving Town, stands in a Valley well water'd by the Streams of the River Avon. The Manufactures of this Town are Druggets, narrow Cloths, Stockings, and Leather, and its Market is well supplied with Corn, and Cattle. Near this place, the Duke of Monmouth was taken by one Perkin, as he lay hid in a Ditch cover'd with Fern in July 1685, just after his Defeat at the Battle of Sedgmoor.
Rumsey gave Birth to that great mathematician Sr. Wm. Petty, from whom the Barons of Shelburn of Ireland are descended.
Silchester is the Ruins of the antient City of Vindomia or Vindonum, said to have been built by Constantius, Son of Constantine the Great.
Southampton the County Town, is accomodated with a large Harbour and Quay, & carries on a good Trade to Newfoundland, Portugal, and Jersey; 'twas here that King Canute ridicul'd his flattering Courtiers by commanding (tho' in vain) the Tide not to approach his Feet. It is a very old Town, and consists of one large long Street, and is wall'd with the Honey-comb Rock Stone the most durable of any, & it had a good Castle, built by King Richard II all of fine free Stone, for the Defence of the Town & Harbour, but it is now demolish'd. Here are 5 Parish-Churches, & an Hospital call'd God's House.
At Southwick King Henry VI. was married to the Duke of Anjou's Daughter. It has ever since the Reign of Queen Eliz. been the Seat of the Nortons, some of whom have been Sheriffs, and others Representatives in Parliament for this County. The last of them Col. Richd. Norton dying in Decr. 1732, made an extraordinary Will, by which he left his real Estate of 6000l. a Year and a personal one computed at 60000l. to the poor, hungry, and thirsty, naked, and strangers, sick, and wounded, and prisoners, to the end of the World: appointing the Parliament his Executors, and in case of their refusal the Bishops, leaving all his Pictures an other moveables to the King: Trustees were soon appointed to inspect the Premises, but the Will carried in it such evdient marks of Insanity, that it was soon after laid aside.
Spithead and St. Helens is the general Renezvous of the Royal Navy.
Upper, Middle, & Nether Wallop, give Name and Title of Baron, to the Antient and Honourable Family of the Lord Vicount Lymington; one of whom viz. Sir John Wallop in 1513 fitted out some Ships, & with 800 Men burn'd 21 Towns in Normandy, and all the French Ships in the Ports of Naples, Tripoli, &c. in revenge for Piracies committed in the British Seas, by one of the Knts. of Malta.
Weyhill tho a poor Village, with a desolate Church & hardly a House about it, yet is of Note for one of the greatest Fairs in England, for Hops Cheese &c. & for Sheep there is not so great one, especially Dorsetshire Ewes for store Sheep.
Winchester is a City of great Antiquity, and the richest Bishoprick in England. Its Cathedral was built by William of Wickham Prelate of this See, who found a noble College here to fit out Youth for New College in Oxford, which he also founded; He likewise built several Free-Schools, Hospitals, &c. here. This is the Assize-Town. Willm. Pawlett El. of Wiltshire & Lord High Treasurer of England, was made Marquis of Winchester by Edward VI. & was since made Duke of Bolton by King William the third: and the Title of Marguis (sic) is stil in the possession of the Duke of Bolton's eldest Son.
Published further by John Tinney, Golden Lion, Fleet street, London, from 1753.
Published in 'The Large English Atlas: Or, A New Set Of Maps Of All The Counties In England And Wales, Drawn From The Several Surveys which have been hitherto Published: Viz. ... Laid Down On A Large Scale, And containing all the Cities, Towns, Villages, and Churches, whether Rectories or Vicarages, Chapels, many Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats, &c. &c. Each Map Is Illustrated With a General Description of the County, its Cities, Borough and Market Towns, the Number of Members returned to Parliament, of Parishes, Houses, Acres of Land, &c. And Historical Extracts relative to the Trade, manufactures, and Government of the Cities and Principal Towns, and the present State of their Inhabitants, &c. By Emanuel Bowen, Geographer to His Majesty, Thomas Kitchin, and Others. London: Printed and Sold by T. Bowles, in St. Paul's Church-Yard; John Bowles and Son, at the Black Horse, in Cornhill; John Tinney, at the Golden Lion, and Robert Sayer, at the Buck, both in Fleet-Street.' 1760.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... Printed and Sold by T. Bowles ... John Bowles and Son ... and Robert Sayer ...' about 1762.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... Drawn From The Several Surveys which have been hitherto Published. With three general Maps of England, Scotland and Ireland, From the best and latest Authorities. ... London: Printed and Sold by T. Bowles, in St. Paul's Church-Yard; John Bowles, at the Black Horse, in Cornhill; and Robert Sayer, at the Buck, in Fleet-Street,' about 1763.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... London: Printed and Sold by John Bowles, at the Black Horse, in Cornhill; Carington Bowles, next the Chapter House, in St. Paul's Church-Yard, and Robert Sayer, at the Buck, in Fleet-Street,' about 1764.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... Printed and Sold by Carington Bowles, Map and Print Seller, at No.69, in St. Paul's Church-Yard. MDCCLXVII.' ie 1767.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... Printed and Sold by Robert Sayer, Map and Printseller, at No 53, in Fleet-Street.' or 'Le Grand Atlas Anglois: Ou, Nouveau Receuil Des Cartes De Toutes Les Provinces D'Angleterre Et De La Principaute De Galles, ... Chez Robert Sayer, Marchand de Cartes & d'Etampes dans Fleet-Street, No.53.' about 1767.
Published in another edition 'The Large English Atlas ... Printed and Sold by Robert Wilkinson, at No.58, in Cornhill, Successor to Mr. John Bowles, deceased.' about 1779.
Published in 'The Large English Atlas: ... Drawn From The Several Surveys Hitherto Published. To which are added, a Map of the Country 35 miles round London, a Plan of London and Westminster, and general Maps of Scotland and Ireland, From the latest and best Authorities. The Whole Engraved on 50 Copper Plates ... Laid Down On A Large Scale ... By Emanuel Bowen, Thomas Kitchin, Captain Andrew Armstrong, and Others. London. Printed for Robert Sayer, Map, Chart, And Printseller, No.53, Fleet-Street. MDCCLXXXVII.' ie 1787.
