Map Group RAYNBIRD 1860?
map maker
GEOLOGICAL MAP of HAMPSHIRE Reduced from the Ordnance Survey BY W. & H. RAYNBIRD.
north point
up is N
Printed on the right is a north point with an E-W cross line; North marked by an arrow. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale
SCALE OF MILESchequered in miles to 5 then in 5 mile intervals , labelled 0..5 then in 5s. The 20 miles = 71.4 mm giving a scale 1 to 450797 assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:-
1 to 450000
7 miles to 1 inch
sea plain
ENGLISH CHANNEL
The Solent
Christ Church Bay
Southampton Water
coast tinted
foreshore
headlands
harbours
Hengistbury Head
Selsea BillThe larger harbours are labelled, eg:-
PORTSMOUTH HARB.The foreshore of The Solent and Southampton Water, and the channels in the harbours, are outlined by a dotted line.
castles
Hurst Castle
Calshot Castle
Netley Castle
Southsea Castlebut none of the more recent fortifications.
ponds
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering inland from their estuaries. A couple are labelled:-
AVON RIVER
Dark Riv [which seems to be Beaulieu River]Most of Hampshire's river system from the coast are drawn, with tributaries. Other river systems are less well treated.
A rectangular pond, crudely shaded, is drawn and labelled:-
Fleet Pondand there are possible ponds or lakes elsewhere, for instance at Bishopstoke?
hill hachuring
Relief is suggested by hill hachuring, but it does not give a clear summary of the bones of the county. Considering this is a geological map, this is a pity. Some hills are labelled, eg:-
Deanbury Hill
Ports Down
Beacon Hill [Burghclere Beacon]
Beacon Hill [Lomer Beacon]and:-
Popham Beaconlabelled without any hill.
trees
forests
FOREST OF BERE [East Bere Forest]
NEW FOREST
Harewood ForestThe last in three areas bounded by dotted lines. Also notice:-
Woolmer Forestdrawn ,correctly, without trees; and just to its north:-
Alicewhich should be 'Alice Holt', and should have trees but hasn't.
The Grange [N of New Alresford]
Brockenhurst Park
Hursley Park
The county boundary is a dash dot line tinted for emphasis. The county area is labelled:-
HANTSAdjacent counties are divided by a similar boundary, not tinted, and labelled, eg:-
WILTSHIRE
WINCHESTER
Alton
Stockbridge
SouthamptonExcept:-
PORTSMOUTHin sans serif upright block caps.
Twyford [cross]
Upper Wallop [2 blocks]
Eversley [2 blocks and a cross]
A network of roads is drawn by solid double lines. When you look closely you realise the network is not a satisfactory road map; roads end abruptly, some well known roads are missed, etc. A couple of roads are drawn dotted, near Grateley and near Gosport. This does not seem to mean an unfenced road, but might imply a road abuilding.
Railways are drawn by a line with cross lines. Some are labelled. Stations are mostly taken for granted, but notice:-
Dock Sta.at Southampton. Not all tunnels are noticed, but the two N of Winchester are labelled:-
tunnelwritten across the line, which is not hidden or dotted.
The railways shown are:-
SOUTH WESTERN RY. [London and Southampton Railway, 1840]
SALISBURY AND EXETER BRANCH [Basingstoke and Salisbury Railway, 1857]
GOSPORT JUNCTION RAILWAY [Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway, 1842]
SOUTHAMPTON AND DORCHESTER RAILWAY [Southampton and Dorchester Railway, 1847]
... [Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway, 1847]
... [Portsmouth Railway, 1859]
... [Farnham to Alton branch railway, 1852]
... [Fareham to Cosham branch railway, 1848]
... [Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway, 1847]which suggests a date for the map about 1860.
The Basingstoke Canal is drawn with a tapering wiggly line like a river. It comes from the Hampshire/Surrey border as far as Winchfield, crossing other rivers on its route. I feel the engraver did not understand what he was copying.
Rufus Stone
roman camps
Caesar's Camp
Priory Templenicely muddling two places.
strata
table of strata
h1 Weald Clay & Hastings Sands
h2 Lower Green Sand
h2ii Sandstone
h2iii Clay
h3iiii Sands
h3 Gault
h4 Upper Green Sand
h5 Chalk
i2 Plastic Clay
i3 London Clay
i4-7 Uppr Mid & Lowr Bagshot
i4 Lowr Bagshot
i5 Bracklesham
i6 Barton Clay
i7 Upr Bagshot Sands
i8 Osborne & Headon Beds
i9 Bembridge Beds
i10 Hempstead Beds
-- AlluviumThe areas on the map are bounded by dashed lines, coloured to correspond, and labelled with the letter number code.
Because the printed colours on geological maps can fade, and anyway might differ from batch to batch in production, the letter number coding was introduced to make it certain which stratigraphic area was which. This is particularly important when separate sheets have to be used together. The code system was introduced by Sir Roderick Murchison, Director of the Geological Survey, in 1856. A letter to Longmans, publishers in London, May 1856, sets out his ideas on the matter, see below.
The codes on Raynbirds's map are not identical to the 1856 index of colours from Murchison, they are closer to an 1865 version of the colours (information by BGS). This suggests that the map was drawn in the period 1860-65.
Oolite - rich shade of yellow
Lias - dirty blue
Red Marl - brick red
etc
Tertiary strata - greys
Chalk - blue-green
Coral Rag - chocolate brown
Carstone - brown
Oolites - yellow
Lias - prussian blue
Red Ground - red
etc
COLOURS VARY
NEW COLOURS AND LABELS
to Messrs. Longman
Museum of Practical Geology, 28 Jermyn Street, London May 13th. 1856.
Sir Roderick Murchison presents his Compliments to Messrs. Longman & Co. and in reply to their note of yesterday (with enclosure from Leeds) begs to make the following observation of which Messrs. Longman may avail themselves.
When Sir Roderick Murchison succeeded to his present post, he found that his predecessor, Sir H. DelaBeche had begun to alter several of the colours used in the earlier Geological Maps; and the reason for doing so was obvious, in truth the number of divisions and sub-divisions of the formation having greatly increased a fresh application of colouring was called for.
Looking at the subject as a whole and desirous of representing each great natural system of rocks under one common colour and the sub-divisions of that system by modified tints of the same colour, Sir R. Murchison directed that in future all the Maps of the British Isles should be coloured on this principle.
This order he begs to observe can do no real dis-service to the purchasers of those sheets; each of which has its own distinct and separate index of colours. But in such a case a broken sheet as that alluded to by Mr. Wilks, Sir Roderick Murchison is ready to afford a remedy; and if that gentleman will send to Messrs. Longman & Co. the quarter sheet of Map 82 which he has recently purchased and which does not agree with the other quarter sheet of the same it shall be re-placed by a correct copy from this Establishment.
In the improvements which Sir Roderick Murchison is introducing, every tract on the Map will shortly have a letter and numeral engraved upon it; so that if the colors fade the letters and numbers will always truthfully indicate the age and character of the deposit.
Purchasers of old editions may therefore lament that they are not furnished with Maps possessing these advantages. But they have no remedy except the purchase of the new editions.
Examples of the letters and numbers can be seen on the:-
1856 INDEX to the COLOURS AND SIGNS employed in the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN ...
i11 - Hampstead Beds (Isle of Wight)
i10 - Bembridge Beds
h5 - Upper Chalk, Lower Chalk, Chalk Marl
h4 - Upper Green Sand
h3 - Gault
h2 - Lower Green Sand
etc
STANDARDISATION?
ISSUE NUMBER ONE
Hampshire RECORDS OLD AND NEW CONTRIBUTED FROM ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTY. An Illustrated Quarterly Journal.
LONDON: MESSRS. [blank] BASINGSTOKE: CHAS. E. SYMONDS, WOTE STREET PRINTING WORKS.
HAMPSHIRE GEOLOGY
HAMPSHIRE.
The Soils described and illustrated by a Geological Map.
A CAREFUL examination of the reduced copy of the Geological Map of the Board of Ordnance appended will give a better idea of the various Hampshire soils than any lengthy disquisition, which, indeed, in the description of so extensive a County, would occupy too much space. It will be found more practically useful to give but a brief survey, sufficient, however, to indicate the varieties of soil and subsoil, and to enter more at length on the practical points.
Hampshire (including the Isle-of-Wight, which will be treated separately) contains 1,070,216 statute acres, inclusive of 39,256 acres contained in harbours, creeks, &c., with the exception of a few patches of Green Sand, the Chalk and the overlying strata of the Tertiary and Post Tertiary beds form the entire mass. Of these the Chalk constitutes the principal portion. The tertiary in its three divisions of (1) Plastic Clay, (2) London Clay, and (3) Bagshot Sand or Clay, (the uppermost or river deposit occupies the next place) and the Post Tertiary, Diluvium or Drift (the latest deposit) is the least in extent.
Smith the Geologist, in the remarks appended in his map, ingeniously draws a parallel between the soils of Norfolk and Hampshire. He says 'Hampshire like Norfolk has but two sorts of strata, and no stone fit for building, except from the back of the Isle of Wight: and this small part of the County makes the only difference between these two distant Counties, except that the surface of Hampshire is not so sandy. The bulk of the Chalk runs through the middle of Hampshire, but in Norfolk it is chiefly on the Western side: and the poor commons of the Stratum lie to the East and Midland parts. In Hampshire the same sort of Commons lie on the Northern and Southern parts of the County.'
However, although geologically similar; from the difference in elevation and of aspect, viz. the one on the S.W., the other on the N.E. Coasts of England, and from the Norfolk chalk, being covered more or less deeply with an alluvial deposit. Perhaps no Counties differ more Agriculturally. This shows that a similar Geological Formation has often but little effect in inducing similar peculiarities in Agriculture - the Climate, Elevation, distance from Markets and Nature of the Labour Supply having often a far greater influence.
While in the Eastern Counties, covered as they are with an Alluvial Stratum, the map for Agricultural purposes must be one of the surface soils only. In Hampshire a Geological map will be highly useful, as the strata are so denuded or so near the surface that they in nearly every case point out the actual Agricultural Soil of the locality. The exception is in the Marsh Lands and on the borders of the larger and slower rivers, for the shallow sparkling streams in the chalk districts show the chalk quite plainly all along their course.
It will be seen from the map that the immense mass of chalk which forms the greater part of Hampshire, and extends from it into Wiltshire and Berkshire, is bounded on the North by a line passing by Kingsclere and Basingstoke to Odiham. The junction of the strata being peculiarly well defined, On the East by a line drawn from Odiham, by Alton, and along the Farnham Road. On the South by a line from near Bishops Waltham and North of Bishopstoke into Wiltshire. The extent of this Hampshire Chalk may be taken at 20 to 24 miles from North to South, and 26 to 32 from East to West.
The usual rounded summits and sweeping valleys are found throughout the chalk, but the finest scenery at the abrupt junction of the chalk and sand or clay in the North and East of Hampshire, where the chalk hills appear as shelving cliffs or hangers. For instance the celebrated village of Selborne owes those picturesque charms which delighted that lover of nature 'Gilbert White' to its being situated at the point where the strata of upper Green Sand Gault and Lower Green Sand crop out from beneath the chalk.
It may also be noticed that the very highest ridges of chalk hills occur at or near the junction with the other strata. For instance Inkpen Beacon (Wiltshire), on the borders of Hants, 1011 feet above the sea and the highest point in the chalk formation in all England, Sidon Hill in Highclere Park (Lord Carnarvon's) the highest Hampshire hill being about 941 feet above the sea, and Butser Hill 917 feet above the sea, which forms the West Termination of the South Downs.
A large area of the land on the chalk has an elevation of from 450 to 700 feet. Of this there are examples on the range of hills of Upton Grey, Weston Patrick, Herriard and Dummer, also at Kingsclere, Sydmonton, Combe, Broughton, Wallop and other places. Popham Beacon, near Micheldever, is 447 feet above the sea, and Portsdown Hill 447 feet, only appears lofty from overlooking other strata at a low elevation.
In short the chalk hills may be considered to have in general an elevation of three to five hundred feet above the level of the sea, increasing to nine hundred and diminishing to one hundred and fifty.
At Kingsclere, Lyell observes a Miniature 'Valley of the Weald' may be studied. He says 'The Upper and Lower Chalk and the Upper Green Sand, dip in opposite directions from an anti-clinal axis which passes through the middle of the valley. On each side of the valley we find escarpments of chalk, the strata of which dip in opposite directions, in the Northern escarpments to the North, and in the Southern to the South. At the Eastern and Western extremities of the valley the two escarpments become confluent, precisely in the same manner as do those of the North and South downs at the Eastern end of the Weald district near Petersfield, and at a few miles East of the town last mentioned, the Firestone or upper Green Sand, is laid open in the sharp angle between the escarpment of the Alton Hills and the western terminations of the South Downs: so in the valleys of Kingsclere the same formation is seen to crop out from beneath the chalk.
A line from Alton to Petersfield, bounds the Green Sand, on which the culture of Hops is carried on, much of this is however covered with drift sands.
The Northern Tertiary Deposits of the 'London Basin' resemble in most points those of the South or Hampshire Basin. Sands and clays are so intermingled here that the map will better explain itself than any verbal description.
The Bracklesham Beds occupy a large district round Southampton, and the banks of Southampton Water, as far as Hayling Island, consist of these beds, which may be either called wet sandy clays or clayey sands. Geologists differ amongst themselves, for by some this bed is called the London Clay. Indeed, so intermined are the strata as to baffle the skill of all but the professed geologist.
In the New Forest perhaps the correct mode would be to describe the black sands on which the Heath grows as Upper Bagshot Sands, and the soil where the Oak flourishes as the London or Barton Clay.
The London Clays on the North are interspersed with patches of lower Bagshot Beds of a gravelly nature and the natural admixture, and having the London Clay for subsoil, renders these heaths fertile when reclaimed.
The Upper Bagshot or Black Sand will be seen at Aldershot, in the extreme North East. The Plastic Clay occurs on the banks of the Avon, on the Western Border. Reference to the Strata of the New Forest and Isle of Wight, and to the various soils will be made in a future paper.
ISSUE NUMBER TWO
Hampshire RECORDS OLD AND NEW CONTRIBUTED FROM ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTY. An Illustrated Quarterly Journal.
PRICE ONE SHILLING (By Post, One Shilling and Three-Half-Pence.)
Printed for HUGH E. RAYNBIRD by CHAS. E. SYMONDS, WOTE STREET PRINTING WORKS, BASINGSTOKE. To be had of all Hampshire Booksellers and at Railway Bookstalls.
ISLE OF WIGHT GEOLOGY
Graham McKenna of the British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, 2002.
Phillipa Stevens, Hampshire Library Service, Local Studies, Winchester, Hampshire, 2002.
Martin, William C L & Raynbird, W (ed) & Raynbird, H (ed): 1858 (edited edn): Cattle, their Breeds, Management, and Diseases: (London)
Raynbird, Hugh: 1847: Essay on Measure Work, Locally Known as Task, Piece, Job, or Grate Work (in its application to agricultural labour): Royal Agricultural Society's Journal (London)
Raynbird, Hugh E: 1914: Hampshire Records Old and New (quarterly journal)
Raynbird, G & Raynbird Hugh: 1847: Treatise on the Feeding of Stock with Prepared Food ...: Farmer's Magazine (London)
Raynbird, William & Raynbird, Hugh: 1849: On the Agriculture of Suffolk (including the report to which the Prize was awarded by the Royal Agricultural Society of England): Longman (London):: reference copy at University of Southampton, Hartley, Rare Books Perkins S457.S9
Rham, William Lewis (sic) & Raynbird, W (ed) & Raynbird, H (ed): 1853 (revised edn): Dictionary of the Farm: (London)
Raynbird, William & Raynbird, Hugh: 1849: On the Agriculture of Suffolk
ON THE AGRICULTURE OF SUFFOLK: BY WILLIAM AND HUGH RAYNBIRD INCLUDING THE REPORT TO WHICH THE PRIZE WAS AWARDED BY THE Royal Agricultural Society of England
LONDON: LONGMAN AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROAW; G. THOMPSON, BURY ST. EDMUND'S; G. W. FULCHER, SUDBURY; R. DECK, IPSWICH; BACON AND KINNEBROOK, NORWICH; JOHN LODER, WOODBRIDGE. 1849.
MAP OF THE SOIL OF SUFFOLK Corrected from the Map made by A. Young in 1797.
S. Woodward, Esq., has favoured me with the following information on the geological character of the soil:- ...
BOOKS FOR THE COUNTRY. PRICE ONE SHILLING. CATTLE: THEIR BREEDS, MANAGEMENT, AND DISAEASES. TO WHICH IS ADDED THE DAIRY.
REVISED AND EDITED BY WILLIAM AND HUGH RAYNBIRD.
LONDON: GEO. RUTLEDGE & CO., FARRINGDON STREET[] NEW YORK:- 18, BEEKMAN STREET.With an engraving of a fine looking dairy cow.
title page:-
CATTLE: THEIR BREEDS, MANAGEMENT, & DISEAESES. TO WHICH IS ADDED THE DAIRY. BY W. C. L. MARTIN. REVISED AND EDITED BY WILLIAM & HUGH RAYNBIRD, AUTHORS OF THE REVISED EDITION OF 'RHAM'S DICTIONARY OF THE FARM,' ETC. ETC.
LONDON: G. ROUTLEDGE & CO. FARRINGDON STREET; NEW YORK: 18, BEEKMAN STREET. 1858.The library's copy of this book is inscribed on the cover:-
Robert Raynbird 1874
ESSAY ON MEASURE WORK, LOCALLY KNOWN AS TASK, PIECE, JOB, OR GRATE WORK, (IN ITS APPLICATION TO AGRICULTURAL LABOUR,) FOR WHICH THE PRIZE WAS AWARDED BY THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, BY HUGH RAYNBIRD.
REPRINTED FROM THE SOCIETY'S JOURNAL WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
HENRY WRIGHT, 51, HAYMARKET, LONDON. GEORGE THOMPSON, BURY ST. EDMUNDS. HENRY SMITH, CIRENCESTER. 1847.The copy in Hampshire Library Service was donated to Winchester Public Library by Hugh Raynbird, 25 April 1924. Perhaps a descendant of Hugh Raynbird.
Records
Hampshire RECORDS OLD AND NEW CONTRIBUTED FROM ALL PARTS OF THE COCUNTY. An Illustrated Quarterly Journal. PRICE ONE SHILLING. (By Post, One Shilling and Three-Hlaf-Pence.) [sic]
Printed for the late HUGH E. RAYNBIRD by CHAS. E. SYMONDS, WOTE STREET PRINTING WORKS, BASINGSTOKE. To be had of all Hampshire Booksellers and at Railway Bookstalls.The earliest issue includes geology, soils, woodlands and other natural history topics; later issues are more genral interest, stateley houses, local people, etc.
HantsRO:5M52/E78
Valuation of Upper Ashe Farm and letter to Colonel Portal from Hugh G Raynbird concerning a lease, 16 November 1875.
Valuation of Lower Ashe Farm by H G Raynbird, 27 March 1876.
Valuation of Upper and Lower Ashe Farms by Raynbird and Sons, 30 April 1886.
HantsRO:5M52/O2
Plan of the highway across Great Down, Laverstoke, Hampshire, proposed to be stopped up, by Hugh Raynbird, surveyor, 16 August 1862.
Index
Directory 1855
Directory 1911
Raynbird Hugh, land agent, surveyor, & steward to Lord Bolton, Church street
Raynbird and Harvey, seed merchants, &c., Wote st
Raynbird Hugh, land agent, &c., h Hackwood
Raynbird, Caldecott, Bawtree, Dowling & Co. (Limited), corn & seed merchants, Oat street
Raynbird, Caldecott, Bawtree, Dowling & Co. Limited, corn, seed, manure & oil cake merchants; chief office, Basingtsoke; branches, Andover, Wallop, Salisbury & Newbury
Raynbird Hugh Edward & Sons, land agents, surveyors & auctioneers, Wote st
Raynbird & Co. (Limited), corn, seed, manure & oil cake merchants, Station yard; Alfred Dowling and W. W. Caldecott, directors; Peter Nayler, secretary.
Raynbird George (R. & Sons); h Hackwood
Raynbird Hugh Edwd. (R. & Sons); h Hackwood
Raynbird Robert (R. & Sons); h Hackwood
Ranbird & Sons, land agents, surveyors and auctioneers, Station hill
Raynbird, Caldecott, Bawtree, Dowling & Co. Limited, corn, seed, manure & oil cake merchants
Raynbird & Sons, land agents, surveyors, architects, valuers & auctioneers, The Auction Mart
Raynbird, Caldecott, Bawtree, Dowling & Co. Limited, corn, seed, manure & oil cake merchants
Raynbird & Sons, land agents, surveyors, architects, valuers & auctioneers, The Auction Mart
Raynbird & Sons, land agents, surveyors, architects, valuers & auctioneers, auction sales every wednesday, The Auction mart
Raynbird & Co. Lim. corn, seed, manure & oil cake mers
CENSUS RETURNS 1881
OLD PARISH REGISTERS, IGS
Remember that this has a very incomplete coverage of registers and can therefore be misleading.
'Raynbird' is listed under 'Rainbird'
Agnes Anne
Edith Frances
