notes Wyld 1839

	Research Notes Map Group WYLD 1839

Wyld 1839
	Railway map, The London and Southampton Railway, scale about 4 miles to 1 inch, published in the London and Southampton Railway Guide, by James Wyld, Charing Cross East, London, 1839.
	The map studied is in the Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:B1992.177.1 Included on the map is a section showing elevation and gradients. The map size is: wxh, sheet = 54x17.5cm; wxh, map = 514x151mm.
	The guides, which include itinerary diagrams, are in the Map Collection and Library Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, items HMCMS:FA1999.71 and HMCMS:B1992.177 The guide book size is 9.5x15cm.
	Notes are made for Hampshire interest; detail of some other areas might be ignored.
	MAP FEATURES
	RAILWAY GUIDE
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
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MAP FEATURES
	Notice that slightly more features are plotted closer to the railway than further away.
title map maker	Printed upper right:- THE LONDON and SOUTHAMPTON RAILWAY 1839 and bottom centre:- Published by Jas. Wyld Geographer to the Queen Charing Cross East.
orientation north point up is NW	Printed upper left is a north point, N-S line, E-W line, North marked by a spear point. To accommodate the railway, running west from London, to beyond Basingstoke, then turning south south west, the map is printed as a wide strip with north west at the top of the sheet.
scale line scale	Printed upper left is a:- SCALE OF MILES chequered and labelled in miles. The 6 miles = 37.5 mm gives a scale 1 to 256810. The map scale is about:- 1 to 260000 4 miles to 1 inch
coast line coast form lines foreshore	There isn't much coast on the map, just a bit at Southampton. The coast line is emphasised by form lines. The foreshore is indicated, with its own form lines.
rivers bridges ponds	The estuary of the River Itchen is drawn with form lines and foreshore, as the coast. The River Thames at London is a broad river with from lines. Inland, rivers are drawn by a wiggly line, tapering upstream. The ?only river labelled is:- RIVER THAMES The rivers shown in Hampshire include the River Itchen, River Dever, Candover Stream, Rivers Loddon and Lyde, River Hart, River Wey, Blackwater, and many tributaries. Quite detailed braiding is shown, for example at Winchester on the Itchen. Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a river. Some are labelled, eg:- High Br. Ponds are shown in outline with form lines, eg:- Fleet Ponds which are crossed by the railway.
relief gradient diagrams	Relief is not shown by any drawing. But some locality names suggest hills, eg:- Worthy Down Kilmeston Down Battersea Rise Along the bottom of the sheet there is a gradient diagram:- SECTION OF THE LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON RAILWAY The horizontal scale is marked in miles, labelled at 5 miles intervals. From 0 at:- LONDON on the right, to 76 3/4 at:- SOUTHAMPTON / 1 in 1985 / Level / 1.440 / 1.400 / ... on the left. At the left end is a:- Vertical Scale / Feet labelled at 100 ft intervals from 0 to 400 ft. At the bottom is:- Datum 100 feet below Trinity High Water London I am not clear why this is chosen. Along the diagram each section of line is drawn with its slope labelled, eg:- 1 in 250 Level 1/250 some of the figures crammed into a very short length. The steepest gradient seems to be a short length of 1 in 150 at about 70 1/2 miles from London. Position ed as it is it is easy to follow the ups and downs of the line on the map: BUT beware, the railway on the map and the gradient diagram do not match position exactly from right to left.
woods vegetation trees	Wooded areas are indicated by tree symbols, and might be labelled, eg:- Butter Wood Hook Wood Bramley Copse Common land, rough vegetation is shown by rows of dots, perhaps labelled, eg:- Common Eversley Com. Abbotstone Down Peat Moor [near Fleet] These are all enclosed.
parks	Parks are shown in outline with dots, perhaps labelled, eg:- Hackwood Pa. Bramshill Pa. Rose Hill Pa. Park Some of the areas might not be parks, or even old emparked areas. The parks might include other feature, for example:- Windsor Great Park has an area of trees, rides or roads, Virginia Water lake, a Temple and a Statue.
county	County boundaries are a dash dot line. County areas are labelled, eg:- HAMPSHIRE Part of Wilts [2 detached parts] The railway starts in London, crosses Middlesex and Surrey, into Hampshire.
settlements street map	Settlements are marked by groups of blocks, or shaded areas in a city, differentiated by style of labelling. Most of the place names use a serifed face; London and Southampton, the two terminuses, are in bold sans serif block caps.
city	shaded area or group of blocks on roads making a street plan; labelled in upright bock caps, eg:- WINCHESTER

town	group of blocks on street; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Basingstoke Alton

village	small group of blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Chawton Ropley Other features are also labelled in this style.

roads turnpike roads	Roads are drawn by double line, solid or dotted for fenced or unfenced. Larger roads are drawn broader with one line bold; smaller roads are drawn narrower. A comprehensive road network is shown either side of the railway. At least one turnpike gate is noticed:- T.P. at a junction on the Hursley road just west of Winchester.
canals bridges	A canal is drawn by a triple line, light bold light, and might be labelled, eg:- Basingstoke Canal The tunnel at Greywell is drawn by a dotted triple line, labelled:- Tunnel Canal bridges are shown both road bridges and accommodation bridges. A section of the Wey Navigation is drawn as a canal, but not all, so that the canal system seems to be detached from the River Thames. Near Romsey a section of the Andover Canal is drawn. The Itchen Navigation is not noticed.
railways	The purpose of the map is to show the route of the London and Southampton Railway; by now [1839] the LSWR. The line is drawn by a bold line, not labelled; stations are marked by a dot beside the line and labelled:- STATION The route is, as well as I can read:- from a London terminus at Nine Elms; stations at Wandsworth, Wimbledon, Surbiton, Ditton for Esher, Walton, Brookland [for Weybridge], and Woking, Surrey; then Farnborough, Shapley Heath for Hook, Basingstoke, Micheldever, Winchester, junction but no station at Bishopstoke, to Southampton and Southampton Docks stations, Hampshire. The line from Bishopstoke to wards Gosport is drawn, labelled:- branch to Gosport One other railway is shown leaving London, the:- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY
miscellaneous	Miscellaneous features have been noticed, but not searched for, in the Hampshire parts of the map.
race courses	North of Winchester on Worthy Down is:- Race Course marked by a dotted double line in a long oval.
telegraphs	South west of Badsley is a:- Telegraph
tramways	What looks like a tramway, marked by a line with cross lines (now a familiar symbol), is drawn from Wandsworth to Merton:- This is the Surrey Iron Railway; the first public railway ever, intended to be a route from London to Portsmouth, but never made it.
inns	An in or two is marked, for example:- Dean Gate Inn at Dean on the road west from Basingstoke, incidentally suggesting a turnpike gate? And:- Red Lion Inn on the road north from Basingstoke near Stratfield Turgis.
mills water mills	Some water mills are noticed, eg:- Andwell Mill Preston Mill east of Basingstoke.
castles	Near Crookham is:- Matthews Castle in a bend of the canal.
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RAILWAY GUIDE
	Cover
	The cover is printed gold on dark green with a picture of a locomotive:-
	WYLD'S SOUTH WESTERN / LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON RAILWAY GUIDE / PORTSMOUTH, ISLE OF WIGHT, & THE CHANNEL ISLANDS
	Title Page
	The title page of the guide book reads:-
	THE LONDON AND SOUTHAMPTON Railway Guide, CONTAINING A TOPOGRAPHICAL, ANTIQUARIAN, AND GEOLOGICAL ACCOUNT OF THE COUNTRY AND OF THE TOWNS AND VILLAGES WITHIN TEN MILES OF THE RAILWAY; WITH A GUIDE TO THE ENVIRONS OF SOUTHAMPTON, THE ISLES OF WIGHT, JERSEY, AND GUERNSEY, AND THE OPPOSITE COAST OF FRANCE.
	LONDON: PUBLISHED BY JAMES WYLD, GEOGRAPHER TO THE QUEEN, CHARING CROSS EAST, FOUR DOORS FROM TRAFALGAR SQUARE 1839.
	London and South Western Railway
	The London and Southampton Railway was authorised by Act of Parliament, 25 July 1834, and opened in stages 1838-40. This guide book was prepared and published while the railway was still being built.
	The first section from a terminus at Nine Elms, Vauxhall, London to Woking Common, Surrey, opened 19 May 1838, with a public opening on the 21st May. From Woking to Shapley Heath, near Winchfield, Hampshire opened 24 September 1838. Sections from Winchfield to Basingstoke and Winchester to a terminus at Southampton, Hampshire opened 10 June 1839. The line was completed by the Basingstoke to Winchester section, Hampshire, opened 11 May 1840. The line was extended to the terminus at Waterloo, still familiar to travellers from Hampshire to London, 11 July 1848.
	Initial authorisation was from the act 4-5 William cap.88 1834, and further by act 7 William IV and 1 Victoria cap.71 1837. The act 2-3 Victoria cap.28 1839 renamed the company the London and South Western Railway, LSWR. By act 11-12 George V cap.55 1921 the railway was merged into the Southern Railway, SR; and acquired by the British Transport Commission by act 10-11 George VI cap.49 1947.
	A commentator in 1834 described as likely to carry only parsons from Winchester and prawns from Southampton; so to some it became the Parsons and Prawns Line.
	To Cross the Channel
	The LSWR saw itself as a route to the docks for a ferry to cross to France. Among various other maps in the guide book is a map of the English Channel, showing the coast of Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Channel Islands, and coast of France, with railways and ferry routes.
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REFERENCES
	Wyld, James: 1839: London and Southampton Railway Guide: (London)

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:B1992.177 -- guide book
	HMCMS:B1992.177.1 -- railway map
	HMCMS:B1992.177.2 -- street map
	HMCMS:B1992.177.3 -- street map
	HMCMS:B1992.177.4 -- map
	HMCMS:B1992.177.5 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.71 -- guide book
	HMCMS:FA1999.71.1 -- railway map
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