Research Notes


Map Group CASSELL, PETTER AND GALPIN 1860s
Cassell, Petter
& Galpin 1860s
These notes are taken from a map of the London and South Western Railway, published by Cassell, Petter and Galpin, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, London, 1860s? The map studied is one of a group of similar railway maps in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1998.226.
The sheet has 5 separate maps of the LSWR system, fitted together within on the page. The maps are not strip maps, but ordinary topographical maps based on a length of railway line. Areas of overlap of maps might be shown by a vague boundary line. For example, on the map for 'Southampton to Weymouth' an area around Southampton Water has a rectangular segment outlined, which is plotted in more detail in the 'Salisbury Junction to Southampton' map.
The map size is: wxh, sheet = 52.5x70.5cm. These notes concentrate upon Hampshire interest, and may ignore features outside the county.
MAP FEATURES
RAILWAYS
HAMPSHIRE TOWNS
ITEMS in the Collection
MAP FEATURES
title    
map maker    
publisher    
Printed at the top of the sheet is:-
LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY.
Each of the railway maps on the sheet has its own title

Printed at the bottom is:-
LONDON, PUBLISHED BY CASSELL, PETTER & GALPIN, LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.
and sheet number '19'.
orientation    
up is NW    
up is NE    
up is start    
Each map has a north point (or very simplified compass rose); N-S line, E-W cross line, short lines for the half cardinal directions, North marked by an arrow.
The orientation of each map is suited to the length of railway shown; start of the segment at the top, finish at the bottom. In practical terms this puts NE or NW at the top of a map. Up is judged by the labelling. One of the maps is printed sideways on the sheet to get it fitted in.

scale    
The maps have no indicator of scale. They all look to be the same scale. An estimate of scale could be got from the mile marks along the railways - a good section to measure would be the straight stretch from Farnborough to Basingstoke, mile 33 to mile 49. The map scale is roughly:-
1 to 120000
2 miles to 1 inch.

sea area    
sea plain    
The sea areas are plain; some sea areas are labelled, eg:-
SPITHEAD
Stoke's Bay
SOUTHAMPTON WATER
coast line    
foreshore    
headlands    
harbours    
islands    
The maps include a few stretches of Hampshire coast. The coast line is unemphasised.
Foreshore areas might be outlined by a dotted line.
Some headlands are labelled, eg:-
Gilkicker Pt.
The major harbours are labelled:-
PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR
Langston Harbour
In the harbours the channels, shallows, islands are shown, and perhaps labelled, eg:-
Horsea I.
Porchester Lake
rivers    
bridges    
ponds    
Rivers are drawn by a double line where broad, the Thames in London for example, and by a wiggly line tapering upstream where narrow. Braiding might be shown, as north of South Stoneham on the Itchen. Some rivers are labelled, eg:-
Loddon R.
R. Itchin
The Anton or Test R.
Bridges are not particularly noticed but are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream.
A pond might be drawn in outline and labelled, eg:-
Fleet Pond
which is crossed by the railway. Three small ponds are drawn near Basingstoke, labelled:-
Newram Springs
coastal defence    
castles    
fortifications    
The maps do not include the whole coast of Hampshire, but various features of the coastal defences of the county are shown, castles, fortifications, and related features. On Southampton water:-
Netley Castle
Victoria Hospital
and in the Portsmouth area:-
Barracks [on Stokes Bay]
Ft. Monkton [fortification]
Haslar Hospital
[fortification around Gosport]
Royal Clarence Yard
Burrow Fort
Priddys Hard [fortification]
Magazine [near Hilsea]
[fortification around naval dockyard]
[fortification around Portsmouth]
S. Sea Castle
Hilsea Redoubt
None of the great forts around the Portsmouth area are noticed - or allowed to be noticed?

relief    
hill hachuring    
A limited amount of relief is indicated by hill hachuring. It is so limited as to be misleading. The significant, to building the railway, hills between basingstoke and Winchester are not indicated at all, except that there is a 'tunnel', only one, enroute. Something of relief might be deduced from some labels, eg:-
Popham Beacon
Thorney Down
Worthy Down
At Portsmouth the prominent ridge of:-
Portsdown Hill
is drawn by hachures and labelled.
Near Basingstoke there is a hill with a hillfort at Winklebury.

woods    
forests    
There are some groups of little tree symbols to mark woods, which might be labelled, eg:-
Crab Wood
Micheldever Wood
NEW FOREST
Hare Wood Forest
There might be a label without symbols, eg:-
Knight Wood [near Chandlers Ford]
parks    
Some parks are drawn in outline, the interior dotted, perhaps marked with roads or drives, and a building. A park might be labelled by name, or name of its house, eg:-
Dogmersfield Park
Tilney Hall
Hackwood Park
county    
A county boundary might be drawn by a dot dash line, but is not always noticed. The county areas are labelled in large open block caps, eg:-
HAMPSHIRE
settlements    
Settlements are shown by groups of blocks, bigger places, more blocks, differentiated by style of lettering.
city    
town     		group of blocks, no attempt to make a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
WINCHESTER
PORTSMOUTH
SOUTHAMPTON
town     group of blocks; labelled in italic block caps, eg:-
WHITCHURCH
LYMINGTON
village     some blocks; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
Upper Wallop
Hurstbourne Priors
hamlet     a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Middle Wallop
Upr. Sombourn
This style of lettering is used for other features on the map. Differentiation between villages and hamlets is not sure.


roads    
Roads are drawn by double lines, solid or dotted presumable indicating fenced and unfenced roads. There are broader roads, with one line slightly bolder, and narrower roads in the network.

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RAILWAYS
Printed at the top of the sheet is:-
LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY.
Each of the railway maps on the sheet has its own title:-
FROM LONDON TO BASINGSTOKE
FROM SALISBURY JUNCTION TO SOUTHAMPTON
CONTINUATION of SALISBURY BRANCHES
CONTINUATION of PORTSMOUTH & GOSPORT BRANCHES
FROM SOUTHAMPTON TO WEYMOUTH
These include railway routes in Hampshire from London via Basingstoke, Winchester, to Southampton; branch to Gosport and Portsmouth, including Fareham; line via Whitchurch, Andover, to Salisbury, Wiltshire; branch via Romsey; line and branches to Lymington, Ringwood, into Dorset; plus other branches and connecting lines.
Printed at the bottom is:-
Note / The Direct Portsmouth; & the Salisbury & Exeter Lines will be given in future Maps; for the London & Windsor Line (complete) see the Double Map of the Thames &c. already published.
Railways are the subject of the maps. Railways are drawn by a double line with cross lines; some lines are in broken stretches, presumably lines still being built. Lines are labelled. Stations are marked by a spot, generally labelled:-
Sta.
Lines shown in Hampshire are listed below (lines outwith the county ignored). Some are shown on separate sheets, and labelled more than once. The original name of the railway is given here in italic; the labelling reflects the way the various routes were considered by the LSWR at this later date.
London and Southampton Railway
1840
LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY
SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY / LONDON & SOUTHAMPTON BRANCH
Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway
1842
GOSPORT JUNCTION RAILWAY
PORTSMOUTH BRANCH
Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway
1847
PORTSMOUTH, CHICHESTER & BRIGHTON RAILWAY
Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway
1847
SALISBURY BRANCH RAILWAY
Southampton and Dorchester Railway
1847
SOUTHAMPTON & DORCHESTER RAILWAY
LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY / SOUTHAMPTON & DORCHESTER BRANCH
Berkshire and Hampshire Railway
1848. Great Western Railway.
BASINGSTOKE & READING BRANCH
Fareham to Cosham branch railway
1848 Labelled on Gosport branch part.
PORTSMOUTH BRANCH
Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway
1849.
SOUTH EASTERN RAILY. READING & REIGATE BRANCH
Farnham to Alton branch railway
1852
SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. ALTON BRANCH
Basingstoke and Salisbury Railway
1857
ANDOVER & SALISBURY BRANCH
Lymington Railway
1858. Unlabelled branch from outside Brockenhurst, to Lymington
Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth
Railway 1862. Only as far as Christchurch, unlabelled.
Stokes Bay Railway and Pier Co
1863. Unlabelled branch from outside Gosport to Stokes Bay.
Bishops Waltham Railway
Dotted line, unlabelled, from a junction at Botley, through Bishops Waltham. Opened 1863.
Andover and Redbridge Railway
Dotted line, unlabelled, from Redbridge through Romsey running north; not shown at Andover. Opened 1865.
Mid Hants, Alton Lines, Railway
Dotted line, unlabelled, from a junction near Headbourn Worthy, running east. Dotted line running south west from Alton. Opened 1865.
Salisbury and Dorset Junction Railway
Dotted line, unlabelled, from junction west of Salisbury, running south. Opened 1866.
The railways shown suggest a date for the map about 1863.

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HAMPSHIRE TOWNS The maps do not include the whole of the county. But it is interesting to see which of the old '21' market towns in the county are shown, and which has a railway station:-
 
Alton [station]
Andover [station]
Basingstoke [station]
Bishops Waltham [line being built]
Christ Church [station]
Fareham [station]
-
Gosport [station]
-
-
Lymington [station]
-
Odiham [not on railway]
-
Portsmouth [station]
Ringwood [station]
Romsey [station]
Southampton[ station]
-
Whitchurch [station]
Winchester [station]
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ITEMS  in HMCMS Map Collection   (scanned item in bold)
HMCMS:FA1998.222 -- railway map
HMCMS:FA1998.226 -- railway map
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   All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources