notes SAXTON 1579

	Research Notes Map Group SAXTON 1579

Saxton 1579	Map of Anglia (England & Wales), by Christopher Saxton, 1579, engraved by Augustine Ryther, published in an Atlas of England and Wales, 1579 The copy studied is in the first state, and is in a private collection to whose owner I am grateful. I have also studied the reproduction of the map in the library at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, published in:-
	Ravenhill, William: 1992: Christopher Saxton's 16th Century Maps: Chatsworth Library:: ISBN 1 85310 354 3
	The reproduced maps are probably in states printed about the 1590s. The reproductions are smaller, and less legible, than the original maps. No doubt there are good economic reasons for the reduction, but maps exist to be read, they are not just pretty things. These repros are mostly fairly legible, which cannot be said of the images in very many other map books.
	Remember that these notes are strongly biased towards Hampshire interest, especially when detail content is considered.
	MAP FEATURES
	HAMPSHIRE PLACES
	ITEMS in the Collection

	For the county map and introduction from Saxton's Atlas of England and Wales, 1579 see Saxton 1575.

MAP FEATURES
title cartouche strapwork cartouche coat of arms	Printed upper right is a strapwork cartouche decorated with a few fishes and lobsters, etc:- ANGLIA hominu~ numero reruniq~ fere omniu~ copijs abundans; sub mitissimo Elizabethae, serenissima et doccissima Reginae, imperio, placidissima pace annos iam viginti florentissima. Ano. Dmi~ 1579 Above the cartouche is a royal coat of arms; the three lions of England quartered with the three fleur de lys of France; supported by a lion and dragon, and the cypher E R for Elizabeth Regina.
coat of arms	Printed lower right is the coat of arms of Thomas Seckford, Master of Requests to Elizabeth I, who was Saxton's patron in the official project to map the country. It has the motto:- INDUSTRIA NATURA ORNAT.
orientation compass rose labelled borders up is N	The map is printed with North at the top of the page. The four borders are labelled:- SEPTENTRIO ORIENS MERIDIES OCCIDENS At the middle of each side, against the border, is a half compass rose; marked for the cardinal, half cardinal, false and by points; North marked with a fleur de lys, East with a cross.
lat and long scales	On the second and later states of the map there are scales of latitude and longitude printed in the borders. The scales are fitted between the map edges and a decorative border, with some of the labelling in the map area. The projection is a trapezoid, or Donis, projection. The scales are chequered in 10 minute intervals, marked at 2 minutes, labelled at 10 minutes and degrees. The southern border of the maps includes from about 15d 10m to 26d 20m East; the sides from 50d 20m to 55d 50m North; it includes a corner of the coast of France, a little of SW Scotland, and the east side of Ireland, all in outline only. The longitude of:- Greenwich is 23d 30m East Winchester is 22d 1m East The prime meridian is 23d 30m West of Greenwich, somewhere about the Cape Verde Islands.
scale line map maker engraver dividers	Printed lower left in a slightly restrained strapwork cartouche is a:- Scala Miliarium The 50 miles is divided at 1/2 miles, labelled at 5 mile intervals. Above the scale is a splendid pair of dividers with a scroll draped on them:- Christophorus Saxton descripsit. In a cartouche below the scale is:- Augustinus Ryther Anglus Sculpsit. Ano. Dni~. 1579. Augustine Ryther was a Fleming emigrant to England, proud to call himself 'Anglus'. He engraved 5 of the county maps in Saxton's set of counties.
sea area sea pecked ships sea monsters	The sea area is stippled and tinted blue; The sea is busy with ships, from a rowing boat off Cornwall about Padstow, to 3 masted carracks. Enormous fishes swim in the sea. Neptune with crown and trident, and a nymph of course, grace the Irish Sea. The main sea areas are labelled, eg:- OCEANUS BRITANNICUS. Sea areas relevant to Hampshire which can be recognised easily are:- Solent Southampton water
coast line coast shaded harbours	the coast shaded for emphasis with a darker blue tint. Harbours relevant to Hampshire which can be recognised easily are:- Portsmouth Harbour Langstone Harbour
coastal defence castles	Two of the early coastal defence castles in Hampshire are marked and labelled:- Hurst cast Calshot cast Netley is shown as a place altho it is not a town; maybe because there was a castle here.
rivers bridges	Rivers are drawn by a double wiggly line tapering inland. A few rivers are labelled. The rivers relevant to Hampshire which can easily be recognised are:- Stour = Stowr flu: Avon = Avon flu: Bourne (tributary of Avon) Lymington River Beaulieu River Test Anton (tributary of Test) Itchen Hamble Meon Wallington River Rother Criddell Stream (tributary of Rother) Wey = Loddon flu (wrongly labelled) Blackwater River Loddon Hart (?) Enborne All of which have tributary streams whose identification is less certain. Bridges are drawn by a double line crossing a river. The bridges shown in Hampshire are at:- Christchurch Ringwood Redbridge Romsey Stockbridge Winchester
relief hillocks	Relief is indicated by hillocks, tinted with a patch of pale brown. These have not been looked at in detail.
forests	Woodland areas are indicated by tree symbols, tinted green. The symbol has trunk, a few shading lines at the bottom for ground, and branches radiating round the top; this is unlike some later tree symbols. Their distribution has not been looked at in detail.
parks	Parks are not obviously shown on this general map of the country. Though in Hampshire:- The Vine is labelled. This house was the seat of one of the politically influential lords of Elizabeth's court.
county table of counties	County boundaries are drawn by dotted lines. The county areas are labelled with a number referring to a table of counties which is printed upper left in a strapwork cartouche:- INDEX OMNIUM COMITATUM, notis et figuris suum ciusq~ situm et ambitum designatibus 1. Nothumbria 2 Dunelme~sis ... 26 Southamptonia 27 Wiltonia 28 Dorcestria 29 Somersetus 30 Devonia 31 Cornubia ... 52 Cardigan Hampshire is bracketted together with the more south western counties. On the map studied some of the county areas are coloured, some just have a tint along their border. Hampshire has an orangey boundary, Dorset magenta, Wiltshire pale green, Berkshire yellow fill and darker yellow boundary, Surrey pale brown, Sussex pale green; all the colours are faded or aged. IN a cartouche below this is:- Animadvertum; nos propter locoru~ [a]ngustias urbes tantu~ oppida mercatoria castella et loca quaedam celebratiora hac tabula inclusisse.
settlements	Settlements are positioned by a [dot and] circle, differentiated by added towers and buildings, and style of lettering. The symbols are tinted with a splodge of red. Within Hampshire there are:-
city	labelled in italic block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER

town	labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Aulton which text style also labels any other feature.
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HAMPSHIRE	PLACES
	The places marked in Hampshire (including parts now in Dorset) are:-

	Alresford
	Andover
	Basingstoke
	Christchurch
	Farh~m [easily read as Faram]
	Havant
	Kingesclere
	Lemington [easily read as Lamington]
	Netley [easily read as Nerley]
	Odyham [easily misread as Odyhani]
	Petersfeld
	Porchester
	Portesmouth
	Ringwood
	Rumsey
	S: Hampton
	Stokebridge
	Suthwick
	The Vine
	Wade
	Waltham [easily read as Walram]
	WINCHESTER
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection and Private Collections (scanned item in bold)
	private collection (38) -- map (illustrated)
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	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources