map features, canals

Map Features - canals

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In order by date from the Map group (maker year)
NB: typical illustrated examples are described, NOT ALL examples.
absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

Avery 1721

(canals)
The chart around Hillhead (Helhead) shows a channel across the foreshore ooze just west of the settlement, stopping at the coast, and a river further north west continuing inland, labelled:-

to Titchfield

the River Meon. Between the village and the river, on land, is a shaded area labelled:-

Breech up to Do.

One of these features is the Titchfield Canal.

Whitworth 1770

(canals)
The canal is the important feature of the map; but is not exaggerated in the drawing.
The course of the canal follows up the east side of the valley of the River Test from an entrance off Southampton Water at Redbridge. It leaves this valley, crossing over the river, and follows the tributary valley of the River Anton, crossing it first, up the west side, to Andover. Although the canal follows rivers it remains independent of them, makes no attempt to be a river navigation. The rivers and steams crossed are noted above.
Along the plan there are numbers by the canal; from 1 near Andover to 89 at Southampton Water. Another short series numbers what looks like an artificial pond on the Pillhill Brook, from 90 at Little Ann Bridge to 96 at Upper Clatford. These numbers are not equispaced, ie they are not distances. They do not relate to altitude. It would be helpful to have the descriptive text belonging to the map, to understand this feature, and perhaps other detail. (Nothing useful, like a schedule, has been found in the HantsRO collection to explain these numbers: MN: 2.2002.)

canal locks :-
Canal locks are drawn by the double arrow symbol that is familiar today. They are counted from the Andover end, and some are labelled, eg:-

3d Lock

at Lower Clatford, and:-

21st Lock

the last, just before Southampton Water.
The fall of the canal from Andover to redbridge is given in a table printed lower right, in feet and inches:-

From Andover to Stockbridge 65:8

Stockbridge to Rumsey 61:4

Rumsey to Redbridge 49:9

Total 176:9

The average fall of a lock is about 8 feet 5 inches.

canal bridges :-
Canal bridges are drawn where the roads cross. None is numbered or named; the names by some of them all apply to the nearby river bridge, not the canal bridge.

canal feeder :-
It could be that the pond made on the Pillhill Brook was planned as a water supply for the canal.

Bowles 1773

(canals)
There is an inset map upper right:-

A MAP of the NAVIGABLE CANALS now making in ENGLAND.

These are listed as:-

His Grace the Duke of Bridgewater's

From the Trent to the Mersey

From the Trent to the Severn

Droitwich Canal

Birmingham Canal

Coventry Canal

Oxford Canal

Parker 1777

(canals; table of distances)
The course of the canal is from Basingstoke to the River Wey which it joins near New Haw. The route continues as the Wey Navigation to join the Thames near Weybridge, giving access to towns on that river, to London and beyond. The first part of the canal is a contour canal cutting across the valleys of the Loddon and other streams, making a long loop around hills around Newnham, passing close by Odiham, to the Hampshire Surrey county boundary at Dead Brook near Aldershot. An alternative route with a tunnel at Greywell to cut the loop short is drawn; and a short branch is shown to Stratfield Turgis at the north end of the loop. After a further stretch of contour route to about Pirbright, Surrey, the canal falls 204 feet down tributary valleys of the Wey, passing close by Woking, to the River Wey near Woodham or New Haw. A table of distances printed lower left gives, in miles chains and furlongs:-

From Basingstoke to Aldershot near Deadbrook ... 28 2 5

declared as 'level'

From thence to the River Wey ... 15 5 3

declared fall 204 feet 4 inches.

[total] ... ... 43 7 8

Collateral cut ... 1 2 0

The canal eventually cut used the tunnel route, 1200 yards at Greywell, had no branch to Turgis, and - at a superficial glance - follows a slightly different route beyond Ash. It is 37 miles long, falls 195 feet, has 29 locks. It has a stop lock at Greywell, not counted; a step down at Ash Lock near Aldershot, Hampshire, to a new contour; then series of locks around Pirbright, Horsell and Woodham, Surrey, 28 more.

canal bridges :-
Canal bridges are shown by the double line of a road crossing the canal. Presumably all the road crossings are indicated, but it is likely that there would be a number more accommodation bridges as well.

canal locks :-
The canal locks are not indicated, perhaps the survey is not that accurate. The canal that was cut had 29 locks, mostly in Surrey.
One lock on the Wey Navigation is marked and labelled:-

Newhaw Lock

There are others, not marked.

(letters and numbers) :-
There are some unidentified letters and numbers marked along the canal. A series of letters, eg:-

B by a straight stretch at Hook Common

E by a road bridge near Dogmersfield

E by another road bridge near Dogmersfield

The letters are in alphabetical order A..H, but not all letters have been found, no D, no G; some letters repeat, C, C, C for instance; they are not always by the same sort of feature.
There are many more numbers, starting at 1 near Basingstoke. They are sort of in order: 1 2 2 3 4 3 5 3 6 5 4 7 8 9 10 11 12 and so on. They do not represent distances or lengths and cannot denote height; they are placed between marks across the canal - and all segments have either a number or a letter. A separate sequence of lowercase letters is used for the alternate tunnel route, a..k; and a separate set is used up the possible Turgis branch, 1..8.
There must be a printed schedule belonging to the map to make sense of these labels.

Tunnicliff 1791

(canals)
Two canals are drawn, by a bold curvy line, labelled:-

Canal to the River Wey

Canal

for the Basingstoke Canal which has its branch north, and the Andover Canal.

Faden 1796

(canals)

Canals are drawn by bold curvy lines, labelled, eg:-

NEW CANAL TO ANDOVER / CANAL from REDBRIDGE to ANDOVER

CANAL from BASINGSTOKE to the RIVER WEY

which includes the branch to Turgis that was never cut.
And cuts beside the River Itchen are labelled:-

Barge River

At least one canal bridge is labelled:-

Kilcomb Bridge [north east of Leckford]

Locks on the Andover canal are ignored, although there are a lot. The one lock on the Basingstoke Canal, near Ash, is labelled:-

Lock

and marked by two arrows in the way that is now the common convention, except that Faden has the arrows pointing down canal, not up as the gates are arranged. The canal tunnel at Grewyell has the canal dotted. An:-

Aqueduct

is labelled south of Crookham.
The two 'real' canals are described in tables of data printed on the left:-

Laurie and Whittle 1806

(canals)
Canals are shown by a wiggly triple line, light, bold, light. In Hampshire there are labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Stratfield Branch

The branch to Stratfield Turgis was never built. Also see:-

Andover Canal

Salisbury Canal

And notice the River Itchen is also labelled:-

Barge River

The Kennet and Avon Canal is shown across Berkshire and Wiltshire.

Potts 1809

(canals)
Canals are shown by a bold wiggly line, labelled, eg:-

Andover C.

OS 1810s Old Series

(canals)

The map shows canals by a curvy line, shadowed on the west side ie to the east, perhaps with form lines. They are mostly labelled. Both road and accommodation bridges are shown. the frequency of the latter distinguishes a canal from a river. Locks are meant to be drawn by an arrow but are mostly missing from the plot. Other features, like winding points which can be shown at this scale, are ignored. If a symbol is declared in the table of symbols it is misleading for the user if the corresponding feature is not plotted regularly. These maps are an unsatisfactory guide to the canals. Fine engraving and accurate plotting do not make a good map; content matters.

Andover Canal :-
from Andover southwards through Stockbridge, to Redbridge. Labelled:-

Canal from Redbridge to Stockbridge

Canal

Only one lock is shown, by two arrows, pointing downstream which is not the best convention, near Grove Place. This is the 18th lock identified on Whitworth's map 1770; other locks are missing.

Salisbury to Southampton Canal :-
from near Alderbury, outside Salisbury, Wiltshire, to the Andover Canal by Mottisfont, partly overlain by a railway on later maps. Also from Redbridge to Southampton. No locks. Not labelled.

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke eastwards and out of the county. Labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

The tunnel at Greywell is labelled:-

Tunnel

but does not show the line of canal underground. A single arrow marks the ?stop lock at Greywell, but no other locks seem to be shown on the canal right down to the River Wey in Surrey. There is a winding point at Winchfield Hurst, but no others. Rushmoor Flash is drawn, but none of the others in the area, which are as large or larger. The aqueduct across the Blackwater River is labelled:-

Aqueduct

Itchen Navigation :-
various sections linking with the river channel, from the River Itchen about South Stoneham, just above Mansbridge, to Winchester. Labelled:-

Itching River

There could be one lock marked south east of St Cross.

Titchfield Canal :-
Clearly drawn from the River Meon at Titchfield to The Solent by Hill Head. Not labelled.

Vancouver 1810

(canals)

The Basingstoke Canal is shown; not labelled.

Wallis 1810

(canals)

Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light, Only the Basingstoke Canal and the Andover to Redbridge Canal are shown, neither labelled.

Cundee 1815

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a bold line, rather poorly, sometimes curvy sometimes straight. It is possible to recognise:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke eastward to the county boundary, with a branch line to Turgis which was never cut; labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:-

Redbridge Canal / Andover Canal

Salisbury to Southampton Canal :-
from the Wiltshire border near West Dean to the Andover Canal near Mottisfont, engraved over the River Dun.

Rowe 1816

(canals)

Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light, and might be labelled. The following can be recognised:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the county boundary; Greywell Tunnel shown by a dotted line; the branch from Greywell to Stratfield Green shown:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge; extended to Southampton along the coast:-

Andover Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the county boundary to meet the Andover Canal near Mottisfont:-

Salisbury Canal

Titchfield Canal :-
Unlabelled, shown as a branch of the River Meon rather than as a canal.

Hall 1820

(canals)

Canals are shown by a bold curvy line, but are not labelled. It is possible to recognise the Andover Canal and Basingstoke Canal.

Smith 1820

(table of data; railways; canals; rivers)
There are two tables printed on the right of the map, a list of:-

RAILWAYS

which at this early date is short, and has nothing in Hampshire. And:-

A LIST OF THE CANALS & NAVIGABLE RIVERS SHEWING THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF MINERAL TONNAGE

which includes, for Hampshire:-

Canals ... ... ... ... Article of Tonnage

...

Andover ... w ... ... ... Coal

...

Basingstoke ... w ... im ... Coal

...

and:-

...

Avon R. (Salisbury) 50M. ... Coal, Gun Flints

...

Itching R. ... 15M. ... ... Coal

...

Smith 1820

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a curvy line (perhaps a triple line, light bold, light, but the reproduction is too poor for this detail). Canals are labelled. Through Hampshire there are:-

Basinge. Canal 1772

Salisbury & [ ]

Andover Can. 1771

and the extension to the last to Southampton:-

Ca. 1795

Pinnock 1821

(canals)

Some canals are drawn by a curvy bold line, none labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the Surrey border; and showing the branch to Turgis which was never cut.

Andover Canal :-
from Little Ann to Redbridge.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the Wiltshire border to join the Andover Canal; and from the end of that canal at redbridge to Southampton.
On the later edition of the map there are labels for the Basingstoke Canal and Salisbury Canal. The Andover Canal is not on the later edition.

Greenwood 1826

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light. Canals have more bridges than rivers, the company had to respect existing rights of way. The following canals can be found on the map:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke, where there is a:-

Wharf

through the:-

Tunnel

shown by a bold dotted line at Greywell, to the county boundary near Aldershot, where it crosses the Blackwater River by an:-

Aqueduct

No winding points seem to be shown; there is another wharf on Aldershot Heath; all four flashes on Eel Moor are shown. The canal is labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge, where the exit to the Test is not clear. No locks are shown; there are lots of road and accommodation bridges. The canal is labelled:-

Andover and Stockbridge Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the county boundary near West Dean to the Andover Canal near Mottisfont; also from Redbridge to the outskirts of Southampton. The canal is labelled:-

Salisbury & Southampton Canal

Itchen Navigation :-
from the head of the Itchen estuary at South Stoneham up the Itchen Valley to Twyford, from whence the drawing is just river to Winchester. At least two locks are shown, each by a double arrow across the canal pointing uphill, as do the lock gates, just north of Mansbridge. The canal is labelled:-

Itchen Navigation

Titchfield Canal :-
The canal is not drawn by the canal symbol, but it can be recognised from the village down to The Solent at Hell Head Haven.

Pigot 1828

(canals)
Canals are shown by a treble line, light bold light, and perhaps labelled. The following canals can be seen on the map:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to beyond the Surrey border; no branch to Turgis (there should not be); labelled:-

Basingstoke Ca.

Andover Canal :-
from Upper Clatford by Andover, to Redbridge.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from Salisbury (which it never reached?) to join the Andover Canal near Mottisfont; no canal into Southampton (there should be).

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary at South Stoneham.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
across Portsea Island; also drawn from Chichester Harbour eastwards.

Titchfield Canal :-
drawn as a canal, from Titchfield to The Solent at Hill Head.

Darton 1830s

(canals)
Canals are shown by a triple line, light bold light, labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal

Salisbury Canal

[Itchin] Canal

The last has a tunnel indicated by the centre bold line being dotted. Notice that the Portsmouth Canal is not shown, though it had been closed only shortly before?

Walker 1830

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a bold curvy line, perhaps labelled. The following canals can be seen in Hampshire:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke eastwards, crossing Surrey to the River Wey:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from Alderbury, just short of Salisbury, to join the Andover Canal near Mottisfont; but not to Southampton.

Murray 1830

(canals)
Canals are marked by a triple line, light bold light. The following canals are shown:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke, on its bendy contour course, through Greywell Tunnel - dotted, to a dead stop at the west side of Dogmersfield Park, continues after the park eastward to the Surrey border. (Turgis branch not shown - not built). Labelled:-

Basingstoke C.

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge only, not into Southampton. Labelled:-

Andover C.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the Wiltshire border through East Dean and eastward to join the Andover Canal.

Itchen Navigation :-
down the Itchen Valley from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near Southampton.

Titchfield Canal :-
from Titchfield to the Solent near Hill Head.

Teesdale 1830

(canals)
Two canals are shown, by a bold curvy line.

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the county boundary near Aldershot, labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

The tunnel at Greywell is dotted. The branch to Turgis is shown, tho' it was never cut.

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge, labelled:-

Andover Can.

Lewis 1831

(canals)
Canals are shown by a triple line, light bold light, eg:-

Most are labelled. The following canals are shown:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from basinsgteok to the Surrey border. The tunnel ate Greywell drawn dotted:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Little Ann to Redbridge:-

Andover Canal

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary, about South Stoneham:-

Itchin Navigation

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
Across Portsea Island

Titchfield Canal :-
Drawn as a second river parallel the River Meon, from Ticthfield to The Solent at Hillhead.

Tymms 1832

(canals)
Canals are not labelled, so are not very obvious, but if you know where to look it is clear that they are shown, using a bolder less wiggly line than rivers. Interpreting what is what is less certain:-

Andover Canal :-
clear; from Redbridge to Andover, following the Test Valley.

Salisbury Canal :-
clear; a straight canal from the Salisbury direction, along the Dun Valley, joining the Andover Canal.

Basingstoke Canal :-
clear; from Basingstoke eastward to the county boundary, with the 'loop', and the branch to Stratfield Turgis that was never cut.

Itchen Navigation :-
less clear; the lower part of the Itchen is drawn with two strands, one is the navigation?

Titchfield Canal :-
unclear; two strands of the Meon are drawn, one is the canal?

Duncan 1833

(canals)

Canals are shown by a triple curvy line, light bold light. The following are shown:-

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge, labelled:-

Andover C.

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the county boundary. Greywell Tunnel is dotted. A section at Dogmersfield Park is missing. The branch to Stratfield Turgis is not shown; it wasn't cut.

Itchen Navigation :-
from about South Stoneham to Winchester

Portsea Canal :-
across Portsea Island to Langston Harbour.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the county boundary to the Andover Canal near Kimbridge, but not from Redbridge to Southampton.

Titchfield Canal :-
not drawn as a canal, but a less wiggly line parallels the River Meon, from Titchfield to the sea.

Hall 1833

(canals)

Canals are drawn with a curvy triple line, light bold light, perhaps labelled. It is possible to see:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the border with Surrey. Greywell Tunnel is a gap, not labelled.

Basingstoke Can.

Itchen Navigation :-
patches drawn between Winchester and the Itchen estuary.

Titchfield Canal :-
Not drawn with the canal symbol, but it is possible to see its route.

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge.

Andover & Stockbridge C.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the Avon near Salisbury to the Andover Canal near Mottisfont, the section to Southampton not drawn.

Pinnock 1833

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a bold (white) curvy line, and might be labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Can.

It is possible to recognise the Basingstoke Canal, Andover Canal, Salisbury and Southampton Canal.

Pigot 1835

(canals)

Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light. None are labelled, but it is possible to recognise:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal [not through to Southampton]

Salisbury and Southampton Canal

Itchen Navigation

Titchfield Canal

the Portsea Island canal

Moule 1836

(canals)

Canals are drawn with a triple line, light bold light, and might be labelled. The following canals are noticed:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the Surrey border; the Greywell tunnel is dotted; labelled:-

Basingstoke Can.

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:-

Andover & Stockbridge C.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from the river outside Salisbury to join the Andover Canal; not to Southampton.

Itchen Navigation :-
from the Itchen at about Compton to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham.

Titchfield Canal :-
drawn as a second river from Titchfeidl to The Solent at Hillhead.

Dower 1838

(canals)

Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light, perhaps labelled. The following canals are noticed:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the Surrey border; labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

the tunnel labelled:-

Tunnel

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:-

Andover C.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from West Dean, Wiltshire to join the Andover Canal, near Mottisfont; not into Southampton; labelled:-

Salisbury and Southampton Ca.

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
across Portsea Island; labelled:-

Canal

Titchfield Canal :-
drawn as a thick river; from Titchfield to The Solent at Hillhead.

Robson 1839

(canals)

Canals are drawn by a curvy triple line, light bold light. The following canals are noticed:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the Surrey border; the tunnel at Greywell shown dotted; the canal has a gap at Dogmersfield, the loop round the park is not drawn; labelled:-

Basingstoke C.

Andover Canal :-
from Up Clatford near Andover to Redbrideg; labelled:-

Andover C.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from The Wiltshire border near East Dean to join the Andover Canal, near Mottisfont; not to Southampton.

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham.

Titchfield Canal :-
from Titchfield to The Solent near Hillhead.

Hughes 1840

(canals)
Canals are shown as a bold line, and perhaps labelled. The following canals are shown:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the Surrey border, labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge; labelled:-

Andover Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from near Salsibury to join the Andover Canal near Mottisfont, and from redbridge through Southampton, to the River Itchen; labelled:-

Branch of Canal to Salisbury (incomplete)

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary near South Stoneham.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
across Portsea Island, labelled:-

Canal

Titchfield Canal :-
from Titchfield to The Solent near Hillhead.

Sheringham 1840s-50s

(canals)
Vestiges of two canals can be seen. The stub of the Arundel Canal between Milton and the coast of Portsea Island is drawn by a straight double line, labelled:-

Canal

And the Titchfield canal is implied by the drawing of river and haven at Hill Head.

Collins 1850

(canals)
Canals are marked by a curvy triple line, light bold light; some are labelled. At this date the canals are threatened by rail, but are still an important transport system. The canals shown are:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
From the county border near Ash, to Basingstoke. Greywell Tunnel a dotted line. The branch to Turgis, which was never cut, is shown from North Warnborough, through Hook, Rotherwick, Hartley Wespall, to Stratfield Turgis.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
Across Portsea Island from Portsmouth to Langstone Harbour, then a dotted line across this harbour, north of Hayling Island, across Chichester Harbour, into Sussex ...

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
From the county boundary near East Dean, past Lockerly to meet the Andover Canal. And from Redbridge to Southampton (obscured, but visible, on the map) This canal was never completed.

Andover Canal :-
From Andover to Redbridge. Shown with the planned railway alongside.

Berks and Hants Canal :-
Proposed 1794, with several routes surveyed; its Bill failed 1826 and it was never built. It is shown from the county border near Fair Oak, through a tunnel near Wolverton, past Sherborne St John, to meet the Basingstoke Canal at Old Basing.

Unknown 1850s

(canals)
One canal is labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Canals are drawn by a curvy bold line. The map shows the Basingstoke Canal with its loop around Dogmersfield Park, and the Andover to Redbridge Canal.

Cruchley 1856

(canals)
Canals have a distinctive method of drawing, a triple line, light bold light. The following canals can be recognised:-

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke eastward to the Surrey border, and its branch from North Warnborough northwards to Turgis Green which was never cut and had probably been given up decades before the map was drawn. The section in a tunnel at Greywell is drawn by a single dotted line. Bridges over the canal are clearly shown by the track or road interrupting it. Labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
The section across Portsea Island is shown from Milton to Portsmouth, even though closed by the time the map was published.

Itchen Navigation :-
The only suggestion of an Itchen Navigation is a stretch of the river named:-

Barge R.

Philip 1857-1900

(canals)
The only canal that is clearly marked is the:-

Basingstoke Canal

drawn by a wiggly line, pretty much like a river.
There is a double line, looking like a minor road, which could be the Titchfield Canal, from Titchfield to the Solent by Hill Head.

Brannon 1859

(canals)

Canals are mostly shown by a triple line, light bold light, perhaps labelled.

Andover Canal :-
From the edge of Andover to the railway at Redbridge; labelled:-

REDBRIDGE & ANDOVER RAILWAY (late Andover Canal)

Basingstoke Canal :-
From the middle of Basingstoke; no branch to Turgis (shouldn't be one); a gap for Greywell Tunnel, labelled:-

Tunnel

loop around Dogmersfield Park; leaves county at Aldershot; labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Itchen Navigation :-
From South Stoneham to St Cross, just short of Winchester; not labelled.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
The segment in Hampshire, across Portsea Island is not shown; it had closed in the 1820s-30s; the section remaining in 1859, Chichester to Chichester Harbour, is shown, labelled:-

Arundel and Portsmouth Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
From Alderbury, outside Salisbury; to the Andover Canal; labelled:-

Salisbury Canal partly filled up

the segment from Redbridge to Southampton not shown.

Titchfield Canal :-
Drawn as a second river parallel to the Meon, from Titchfield to The Solent - not recognised by the map maker.

Raynbird c1860

(canals)

The Basingstoke Canal is drawn with a tapering wiggly line like a river. It comes from the Hampshire/Surrey border as far as Winchfield, crossing other rivers on its route. I feel the engraver did not understand what he was copying.

Unknown 1860s

(canals)
canals are drawn by a bold curvy line, labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Can.

Dispatch 1863

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a fairly bold curvy line, labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Canal

It is also possible to recognise the Andover canal, a small part of the Salisbury to Southampton Canal, perhaps the Itchen Navigation, and the Titchfield Canal.

Hughes 1868

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a curvy line, like a river but not tapering, labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Canal

The Itchen navigation is not noticed. The Test navigation has gone under a newer railway. The Salisbury canal appears to be shown, unlabelled?

Black 1870s

(canals)
In Hampshire the:-

Basingstoke Canal

is drawn by a bold curvy line, and labelled.

OS 1870s

(canals; towpaths)

The canal is drawn by a double line, broad enough to have form lines. The scale of the mapping is sufficient for the width of the canal to be shown to fairly accurately. This is a broad canal, and two broad boats need 14+14 feet plus if they are to pass. 30 feet at the map's scale is about a 1mm, which is about the width of the canal on the maps.
The towpath side of the canal is engraved with a bolder line, outside which is a line for the other side of the towpath. The towpath may be either side of the canal, and will change sides at a 'roving' bridge. Trees and other features are shown along the canal banks; but these are [mostly] symbols not trees plotted one by one.

OS 1870s

(canals; cuttings; embankments)

Cuttings through which canal runs are shown by hachuring running down to the canal.

Embankments are also shown by hachures, running away from the canal.

OS 1870s

(canals; winding points)

Winding points on the canal are apparent from the width of the canal drawn on the map, BUT beware of mistaking other wide features such as flashes. The winding points are not labelled as such; they tend to be small triangular areas; they are on the opposite side from the towpath
Winding points are dug wider to allow a boat to turn round. A full length canal boat is 70 feet long; this width and a bit is required to turn it (at 6ins to 1 mile this is only 2-3mm on the map). A boat cannot be turned in the ordinary reaches of the canal; the boatman must know where these turning places are, the canal builder must provide enough of them to match patterns of trade. Winding points can be dug later. ... Modern canal maps for pleasure craft users are usually quite clear about where winding points are located.

OS 1870s

(canals; canal bridges; bridges; accomodation bridges; footbridges; swing bridges)

Bridges are drawn as double line crossing, interrupting, the canal, generally matching a track one or both sides of the canal. The maps show the difference sizes of bridges. Some bridges are labelled with a name, some with a type, rarely with their material.
A canal is dug across an existing pattern of tracks, roads, etc. The canal builder cannot interrupt these rights of way, and has to build bridges. Canal bridges generally have a distinctive style on any one canal, though there are always exceptions.
Road bridges are provided for roads; footbridges for footpaths. An accomodation bridge, road, track, or path, generally connects farm fields to farms and might not be a right of way. The tow path usually continues under the bridge with the canal, which is why they are sometimes built asymetric. A roving bridge, where the towpath changes sides, is implied where the towpath does that. The layout of towpath and bridge can be made so that the tow horse does not have to be loosed from the boat; you cannot tell that from the map.

Swing bridges are sometimes used, road or path size; and some of these might be replaced later by lift bridges, or whatever.

Luke's Bridge

Where bridges get their names can be a mystery. Someone called Luke was involved in Luke's Bridge, perhaps a local farmer. Barley Mow Bridge is by a pub, the Old Barley Mow. And so on; there is local history interest in the bridge names.

Railways came later than canals; they had the job of building their bridge over the existing canal rights of way. Railways are drawn a double line with cross lines, where they cross canals they are on their own embankment.
Bridges on some canals are numbered; this does not seem to be the case on this canal, but I have not checked on the ground for any signs ...

OS 1870s

(canals; aqueducts; culverts)

An aqueduct is only apparent on the maps from a stream crossing under the canal. For a larger structure there might be an indication of the facing of the entrance by a bold line.
Where a canal crosses a stream the stream has to be bridged. This might be done with a small culvert, sometimes even an inverted syphon. Or it might be done with a more or less grand aqueduct. These structures are hardy visible from a canal boat; slightly more so from the towpath; you need to get off beside the canal to see them properly.

OS 1870s

(canals; tunnels)

Canal tunnels are shown on the map by the canal meeting the bold line of the portal, and being continued by double dotted lines, usually labelled:-

Tunnel

The towpath does not go through the tunnel. The horse towing the canal boat has to cross the hill through which the tunnel drives. It should be possibly to trace the line of a path from one end of the tunnel to the other. Canal tunnels cost money to build, and are a hazard to navigation (good fun too).

OS 1870s

(canals; lockkeeper's houses; canal locks)

Canal locks are drawn in plan, a narrow length with gates at each end, > >. A long boat is 70 feet so the length is about 2-3mm on the map; the width will be for one broad boat, say 14 feet, 1/2 mm on the map. Locks are usually labelled.
Locks are needed by the canal to climb up or down hills. A navigable river is not a steeply flowing river; a canal is built without any flow. Both are level; ups and downs are managed by locks. This canal is level in Hampshire, until just near the border at Aldershot, where is Ash Lock. There is a 'lock' at Greywell which is a stop lock, a set of stop gates which are usually kept open, a safety and maintenance device.
Some canals numbered locks, but it is not usual to number stop locks. In the HANTSLOC database the numbers used by GEOprojects have been used.

A building is drawn in plan; canal buildings might be labelled on the map, eg:-

Lock Cottage

Most locks were worked by a canal employee, not by the boatman. There was usually a lockkeeper's house nearby. Many locks acquired their name from the name of the lockkeeper.

OS 1870s

(canals; wharves)

A canal wharf can only safely be assumed if it is labelled on the map it is not drawn in any special way.
There are often associated activities by the canal wharf which are mapped, and labelled, timber yard, coal storage, etc etc.

Weller 1870s

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a curvy line, labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Andover canal

Salisbury and Southampton Can.

Arundel Canal [in Sussex, not across Portsea Island]

Kelly 1875

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a medium bold curvy line, and might be labelled.

Basingstoke Canal :-

Basingstoke Can.

Andover Canal :-
can be seen alongside the Andover and Redbridge Railway, part obscured, not shown into Southampton.

Andover can

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
can be seen across Portsea Island; not labelled.

Titchfield Canal :-
can be seen from Titchfield to the coast; not labelled.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
drawn from about Alderbury, Wiltshire, towards the Andover Canal, obscured by railway.

Salisbury and Southampton Canal

Itchen Navigation :-
perhaps can be seen alongside the River Itchen, up to Winchester.

Letts 1884

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a triple line, light bold light. the following canals can be recognised:-

Titchfield Canal :-
from Titchfield to the coast of Southampton Water west of Hillhead.

Itchen Navigation :-
from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary south of South Stoneham.

Basingstoke Canal :-
from Basingstoke to the county boundary on the east. The tunnel is labelled, but not drawn differently. Some bridges can been seen.

Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal :-
from Andover to Redbridge, alongside the railway, occasionally obscured by it.

Andover Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal :-
from just short of the county boundary on the west to join the Andover Canal south of Mottisfont. Not shown into Southampton.

Old Canal

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal :-
from the east edge of Portsea Island into the edge of Portsmouth.

Canal

Philip 1886

(canals)
The:-

Basingstoke Canal

is labelled against a wiggly line that doesn't taper like a river. The Salisbury Canal is, I think, drawn but not labelled.

Bazaar 1890

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a triple line, light bold light, and might be labelled. Three canals are shown in Hampshire.

Basingstoke Canal :-
drawn from Basingstoke to the Surrey border (and beyond, of course):-

Basingstoke Can. 1772

Andover Canal :-
drawn from Andover to Redbridge:-

Andr. Ca.

Salisbury to Southampton Canal :-
drawn from Alderbury, not from Salisbury, and not showing the length from Redbridge to Southampton. This is not labelled, but in the English Channel is a note linked to a symbol (which I cannot see on the map):-

Salisbury and Southampton Canal 17[9]5

MacKenzie 1893

(canals)
Only one canal is shown, labelled:-

Basingstoke Canal

Johnston 1900s

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a curvy line, bolder than rivers, sometimes crossing rivers. In Hampshire it is possible to find:-

Andover Canal :-
sort of recognisable from Andover to Redbridge, labelled:-

Canal

Basingstoke Canal :-
drawn from west of Basingstoke to the county boundary, and onwards. Not labelled.

OS 1920s Popular Edition

(canals)
Canals are drawn by a blue line, perhaps labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Canal

Eelmoor Bridge

The wide area is Eelmoor Flash; a flash is a swamp not a winding point.

Pike 1946

(canals)
Canals are noticed, drawn as wiggly lines like rivers, labelled, eg:-

Basingstoke Canal

Old Canal [Itchen Navigation]

canals

1570-1599

1600-1699

1700-1799

1800-1899

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canals

Basingstoke Canal

Turgis branch

Andover Canal

Itchen Navigation

Titchfield Canal

Portsmouth ... Canal

Salisbury Southampton

other schemes

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