notes Bowen 1767

	Research Notes Map Group BOWEN 1767

Bowen 1767
	Map, Hamp Shire ie Hampshire, scale about 7 miles to 1 inch, by the late Emanuel and Thomas Bowen, 1767, originally published in Atlas Anglicanus by Thomas Kitchin, 59 Holborn Hill, London, 1767, later published in Bowles's New Medium English Atlas by Bowles and Carver, 69 St Paul's Churchyard, London, after 1793. The map studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA2004.8.
	This specimen of the map has never been folded and bound in an atlas, though it has the plate number, 15, printed top right. Its size is: wxh, sheet = 43.5x28.5cm; wxh, plate = 332x236mm; wxh, map = 317x227mm.
	MAP FEATURES
	DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
	PUBLISHED
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title cartouche oval cartouche	Printed in an oval title cartouche upper left is:- BOWLES'S NEW MEDIUM MAP OF HAMP SHIRE Divided into its HUNDREDS; Exhibiting the Roads, Towns and Villages; with their Distances from London, Church Livings, Seats of the Nobility, and Historical Remarks. LONDON: Printed for the Proprietors Bowles & Carver, No.69 in St. Paul's Church Yard. The oval area is tinted pink.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed left of centre is a small compass rose; circle, star points for cardinal directions, lines for half cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de lys, East marked by a cross. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale line scale	Printed lower left is a scale line; chequered in miles, labelled at 1, 2 then even mile. Labelled:- British Statute Miles The 12 miles = 45.0 mm gives a scale 1 to 429158, assuming the miles are statute miles. The map scale is about:- 1 to 430000 7 miles to 1 inch Estimating a scale from the positions of towns gives a scale 1 to 404764, ie the map scale is about:- 1 to 400000 6.5 miles to 1 inch and an estimate of the map maker's mile = 0.95 statute miles.
lat and long scales lat and long grid	printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a rectangular projection; chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The bottom longitude scale is labelled:- West Longit. from London As well as can be measured from the scales the:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 8.0m W Implying a prime meridian 10 degrees W of Greenwich. A graticule, latitude and longitude grid, is printed over the map at 5 minute intervals. The map includes from 0d 28m to 2d 7m W, from 50d 34m to 51d 23m N; the whole of Hampshire including the Christchurch area now in Dorset, and the Isle of Wight.
table of symbols	Printed alongside the title cartouche is an: Explanation. The Parliamentary Boroughs are distinguished by Stars. [circle with R, with V, with C] Rectories, Vicarages & Curacies. [vertical line with crescent symbol] Post Stages. [maltese cross] Charity Schools [crook] Religious Houses. 64 Measured Dists. from London. The Market days are annexed to their respective Towns.
sea area sea tinted sandbanks	The sea area is plain, tinted blue. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Christ Church Bay St. Hellens Road Spithead continued with a descriptive note & St. Hellens are ye General Rendezvous of the Royal Navy Some sandbanks, the Bramble for instance, are indicated by dotted lines; not labelled. Rocks might be indicated by crosses (+) off the shore, labelled:- Benbridge Ledge Atherfield Rocks Both on the Isle of Wight.
coast form lines headlands harbours	The coast line is emphasised by form lines, which continue into river estuaries and harbours. A headland might be noticed, eg:- Hengistbury Head and harbours might be labelled, eg:- Lymington Hav. Portsmouth Harb.
coastal defence castles fortifications	Some of the coastal defences of Hampshire are noticed, castles and fortifications:- Hurst Cast. Calshot Cast. [fortifications at Gosport] [fortifications at Portsmouth] South Sea Cast.
rivers ponds bridges ferries	Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line; a double line with form lines where it is broad, then a single line, tapering inland. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Avon R. Tees R. Itchen R. All of the main river systems are shown, with some tributaries. Braiding and meanders are decoratively drawn. Some ponds are drawn in outline with shading. They might be labelled, eg:- Wullmoor Pond Other ponds shown include Fleet Pond and ponds in Dogmersfield Park Bridges are implied where a road crosses and interrupts a stream; ?none are labelled. A ferry might be suggested where a road approaches each side of a river, as at Hamble on the River Meon.
woods forests trees	At first sight the little tree symbols indicating woodland look to be 'all over', but they are grouped, and perhaps labelled, eg:- New Forest Godshill Wood East Bere Forest Some other vegetation is noticed, eg:- Pool Heath Parley Com.
relief hillocks	Small hillock symbols, shaded to the east, indicate relief; just what is indicated is not clear as the symbols are lost in the overall muddle of features. Some hills are labelled, eg:- Winters Hill [nr Alresford] Buckholt Hills Bramble Hill [S of Fritham] On the London to Portsmouth road, NE of Petersfield is labelled:- Gravel Hill
parks	Parks are drawn in outline, with fence palings, perhaps with a house or tree within, perhaps labelled by name or name of the house, eg:- Rotherfield Lodge Park [Hursley]
county	The county boundary is a dashed line. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- WILT SHIRE A few features are plotted outside the county, for sake of continuity.
hundreds	Hundred boundaries are dotted lines. The hundred areas are labelled, eg:- CHRIST CHURCH HUNDRED WHERWELL HUND. FORDINGBRIDGE HUN Detached parts might be labelled by a number referring to a partial table of hundreds printed on the right:- 1. Pt. of Budlesgate Hund. 2 2. Pt. of Evingar ... The 2 2 is 2 twice not 22, there are two detached parts. The hundred areas are tinted; green, blue, pink, yellow. (Ringwood and a detached part of Odiham have been missed.) Beware that the colouring of detached parts is not the same as the parent hundred, which can be significant if only four colours are available. A worse error in colouring is found in Bosmere Hundred, the mainland part labelled 'BOSMERE' is tinted pink, the part on Hayling Island labelled 'HUN' is tinted yellow.
settlements	Settlements are shown by a group of blocks on a street plan, or are positioned by a circle, with added elements and different styles of labelling to differentiate places.
city	group of blocks on a street plan; labelled in upright block caps:- WINCHESTER / Wed & Sat / 64 The days are market days. The number is the distance from London, which was added to this later edition of the map. The county town has added elements; two stars indicating a borough sending two members to Parliament, a crook for a religious house, a post with a crescent for a post stage. The last two symbols lie sideways, look carefully.

town	group of blocks on a street plan; labelled in upright lowercase ext, eg:- Alton / Sat. / 48 / This place has a vicarage, has a market on Saturday, and is 48 miles from London. There are added elements; a maltese cross for a charity school, presumably Eggars School, a post with a crescent for a post stage.

village	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Uppr. Wallop / R Selborne / V / [crook for a religious house] The letter indicates the status of the parish.

hamlet	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Fritham L. Worldham Note that there is no letter for a parish status.

roads	Roads are drawn by a double line. Solid and dotted lines are used, presumably indicating fenced and unfenced verges. A road junction might be noticed, eg:- Labcomb Corner The destination of a road outwith the county is not usually given, but see:- to Staines at the NE of the county. Some roads west are continued to Salisbury, which is marked and labelled. (Farnham is ignored, though the road through it is drawn.)
miscellaneous
iron works	By the coast near Sowley pond is:- Farnace
schools	A number of places have a maltese cross symbol for a charity school, for example at Odiham, Alton, and Andover.
antiquities roman roads	Some roman roads are labelled, eg:- Roman Road from Sarum on the route from Winchester towards Salisbury near Broughton; and:- Roman Way on the route aligned with Silchester and Salisbury to the north of Andover; and:- Ikineld Way running NW from Winchester.
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DESCRIPTIVE TEXT	The map has several panels of descriptive text, similar to the map of the county by Thomas Kitchin, in these essays referred to as Kitchin 1751 large. That Kitchin map is from a series made for the Large English Atlas in which some counties were done by Emanuel Bowen and some by Thomas Kitchin. Similar text panels are provided on the Hampshire map in the Royal English Atlas, by Emanuel Bowen, referred to as Bowen 1763. The map being described here, Bowen 1767, is smaller and thus has less space for text.
	Transcripts of Text Panels
	The text panels are placed on the map where space is available. The transcriptions here are firstly the general texts, then in alphabetical order of place, including places in Hampshire only, not the Isle of Wight. There is no descriptive text for Earls and Dukes of Southampton, or for seats of the nobility.
	Livings in the City of Winchester.
	St. Laurence R. St. Maurice R. St. Thomas R. St. Swithins als Kingsgate R. St. Bartholomews in Soca extra muros R. St. Johns C. St. Michaels in Soca R. St Peter's in Soca R. The following Churches demolished are united to the above Parishes, St. Clements, St. George, St. Mary Calender, St. Mary Wode, St. Peter's Colebrook & St. Peter's Southgate.
	Livings in the Town of Southampton.
	St. Mary's R. Itchen ferry Chap. All Saints R. St. Laurence R. with St. John united. Holy Rood V. St. Michael's V.
	The County of Southampton is 160 miles in Circumference, contains 1312500 Acres, 30 Hundreds, 9 Boroughs, and 20 Market Towns; 253 Parishes & 26851 Houses. It affords plenty of Corn, Cattle, Wool, Wood, and Iron; but is particularly esteem'd for its excellent Hony & Bacon. Its Manufactures are Kersies & Stuffs. The Air is temperate, and the Soil fertile in all sorts of Grain. As its Coasts furnish Oysters, Lobsters, and other Salt Water Fish, so its Rivers abound in Fresh Fish, especially Trouts. Here are many convenient Harbours, which bring a great Foreign trade to it.
	Andover gives Title of Vicount to the Earl of Berk Shire.
	Gosport is a Town of great Trade, having communication with Portsmouth by Boats passing from one to the other.
	Kingsclere is noted for having been the Seat of the Saxon Kings.
	New Forest was so call'd by Willm. the Conqueror, who destroy'd all that part of the Country for 30 miles round, which contain'd many Towns, Villages, & Churches; two of his Sons viz. Richard and William Rufus, both lost their Lives in this Forest.
	Odiham was formerly of Note for its Royal Palace & Strong Castle, which in K. John's time was defended against Lewis the Dauphin & ye Barons Army, for 15 Days by 13 Men only. In ye Reign of Edwd. 3d. David, K. of Scots was kept prisoner here.
	Portsmouth 72 miles from London is a famous Port, strongly fortified. The Harbour is so large & good that all the Men of War in Europe may safely ride there together. 'Tis a Place of good Trade, very populous & a Nursery for Seamen.
	Ringwood a large thriving Town stands in a Valley. The Manufactures of this Town are Druggets, Narrow Cloths, Stockings, and Leather.
	SOUTHAMPTON the County Town, 78 miles from London, is accommodated with a large Harbour & Quay, & carries on a good Trade to Newfoundland, Portugal, & Jersey. It was here that King Canute ridiculed his flattering Courtiers, by commanding (tho' in vain) the Tide not to approach his Feet. Here are 5 Parish Churches, & an Hospital call'd God's House.
	Weyhill tho a poor Village yet is of Note for one of the greatest Fairs in England, for Hops Cheese &c. & for Sheep there is not so great, especially Dorsetsh Ewes for Store sheep.
	WINCHESTER 64 miles from London, is a City of great Antiquity, & the richest Bishoprick in England: Its Cathedral was built by Willm. of Wickham, Prelate of this See, who founded a noble College here to fit out Youth for New College in Oxford, which he also founded. He likewise built several Free-Schools, Hospitals, &c. here. This is the Assize Town. Maud the Empress was so straitly besieged in the Castle of this City (long since demolished) by King Stephen, that she was forced to use the Stratagem of pretending herself Dead, & being put up in a Coffin by that means escaped.
	The passages are edited to save space by reducing the descriptions, and smaller changes like an ampersand (&) for 'and' though elsewhere the opposite is done. Some places are omitted altogether. Some spellings are changed; 'populace' becomes 'populous' for instance. But some extra material is added, perhaps, like the reference to Maud, from another map, in this case John Speed's.
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PUBLISHED
	Published in 'Atlas Anglicanus, Or a Complete Sett of Mapps of the Counties of South Britain; Divided into their respective Hundreds, Wapentakes, Wards, Rapes, Lathes, &c. Exhibiting the Cities, Boroughs, market Towns, Parishes & Principal Villages; with the Number of Members returned to Parliament & the Market Days annexed to each Town; Describing also the Church Livings. The whole Illustrated with Historical Extracts, relative to Natural produce, Trade, Manufactures &c. both Entertaining and Instructive; With Various Improvements, not Inserted in any other Sett of Half Sheet Map extant. To which is added a Correct Map of the Roads of England, with the Distances agreeable to the Mile Stones and other exact Admensurations, between the Principal Towns. By the late Emanuel Bowen, Geographer to His Majesty George IId. and Thomas Bowen. Printed for T. Kitchin, No.59, Holborn Hill.' 1767.
	The atlas has historical notes; its size is 9 1/4 x 14 3/4 ins.
	The Hampshire plate may have a number, '2'. This is probably a pigeon hole or bin number from the publisher's warehouse, not a plate number.
	Published in another edition 'Atlas Anglicanus ... 1777. Printed for T. Kitchin, No.59, Holborn Hill. & Andrew Dury, Duke's Court, St. Martins Lane.' 1777.
	Published in 'Bowles's New Medium English Atlas; Or, Complete Set of Maps of the Counties of England and Wales: Divided Into Their Respective Hundreds, Wapentakes, Wards, Rapes, Lathes, &c. Exhibiting The Roads, Rivers, Cities; Borough, Market, and Seaport Towns; Principal Villages and Places of Note; with their Distances from London, and Members sent to Parliament; also Church-Livings, Seats of the nobility, and a Variety of Historical Extracts relative to Natural Produce, Trade, Manufactures and Commerce. Compiled and laid down from the latest and most approved Authorities. ... London, Printed for the Proprietor Carington Bowles, at his Map and Print Warehouse, No.69, in St. Paul's Church Yard, M DCC LXXXV.' ie 1785.
	In the 1785 edition Hampshire is plate 15; the ornamental title cartouche is replaced by a simpler oval cartouche; distances to London are added for the principal towns; the atlas size is 8 x 10 1/2 ins.
	Published in another edition 'Bowles's New Medium Atlas; ...' by Bowles and Carver, after 1793.
	The map is little changed except in its imprint.
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REFERENCES
	Bowen, Emanuel & Bowen, Thomas: 1767: Atlas Anglicanus: Complete Sett of Mapps of the Counties of South Britain: Kitchin, Thomas (London)
	Bowen, Emanuel & Bowen, Thomas: 1777: Atlas Anglicanus: Complete Sett of Mapps of the Counties of South Britain: Kitchin, Thomas & Dury, Andrew (London)
	: 1785: Bowles's New Medium English Atlas & Complete Set of Maps of the Counties of England and Wales: Bowles, Carington (London)
	: 1793 (after): Bowles's New Medium English Atlas & Complete Set of Maps of the Counties of England and Wales: Bowles and Carver (London)

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA1998.8 -- title page
	HMCMS:FA2004.8 -- map
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	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources

Transcripts of Text Panels