notes Bowles 1780

	Research Notes Map Group BOWLES 1780

Bowles 1780
	Chart, New Topographical Chart of the English Channel, scale about 19 miles to 1 inch, by Carrington Bowles, 69 St Pauls Churchyard, London, 1780.
	The chart studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA2002.512.
	The map size is:- wxh, sheet = 70x51.5cm; wxh, map = 685x496mm. These notes are made with a bias towards Hampshire interests.
	MAP FEATURES
	HAMPSHIRE TOWNS
	HAMPSHIRE ROADS
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title cartouche oval cartouche map maker	Printed in an oval title cartouche, lower right:- BOWLES'S NEW TOPOGRAPHICAL CHART OF THE ENGLISH CHANNEL WITH IT'S ENVIRONS; Comprehending the Southern Counties of ENGLAND & WALES, WITH The Maritime Provinces of FRANCE, FLANDERS, & ZEELAND, from Helveotsluys, to the River Loire, and the INLAND COUNTRY to PARIS. LONDON: Printed for the Proprietor CARINGTON BOWLES, No.69 in St. Pauls Church Yard. Printed below the title, in the corner of the chart is:- Published as the Act directs, 2 Mar. 1780. Notice the phrase 'topographical chart'. This item is both a chart, of the English Channel, and a map, of coastal regions of England and France.
orientation compass rose rhumb lines up is N magnetic variation	Printed on the left, in the English Channel, is a compass rose; no circle, star points for cardinal, half cardinal, and false points, lines for by points, North marked by a fleur de lys. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet. Rhumb lines are drawn across sea areas from the compass rose and four other centres; bold solid lines for cardinal and half cardinal directions, dotted lines for false points, solid lines for by points. The centres are not arranged in any circle; the crossings of rhumb lines can be confusing in places. At one of the centres, south of Wight, the vertical North line is labelled:- True North A line to the west, left, is labelled:- Magnetic Meridian and the angle labelled:- Variation 21[d]. (I would take issue with the word meridian.)
latitude scale scale	The latitude scale on the left, west, side of the chart has extra labelling:- Nautical Leagues 20 to a Degree and numbering as:- ...2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, ... Measuring 3 degrees latitude is 60 leagues is 180 nautical miles = 276.1 mm, gives a scale 1 to 1208747. The map scale is about:- 1 to 1200000 16.5 nautical miles to 1 inch (19 miles to 1 inch)
lat and long scales	The map has scales of latitude and longitude in the borders for a rectangular projection; chequered at 10 minute intervals, labelled at 30 minute intervals. The prime meridian runs through central London, perhaps St Paul's Cathedral, not Greenwich. Roughly:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 12m W The bottom scale of longitude is labelled:- Longitude West from London. Longitude East from London. The chart includes from 4d 10m E to 7d 15m W, 47d 10m to 52d 20m N; roughly southern England and wales from Cardigan Bay to Orford Ness.
sea area sea plain depth soundings tides sandbanks	The sea is plain, with some sea areas labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Spit Head Depth soundings, in fathoms, are printed over the sea areas. Most of these do not come close to the coasts, and only become interesting in the channels of clusters of sandbanks in the narrows between England and France, the Thames estuary, and the islands off the Flanders coast. Tidal streams are marked by arrows, or darts. And times of high water are given by roman numbers, eg:- XI 1/2 This is explained lower left:- The small figures express the depth of water in fathoms. The Roman figures indicate the time of High water, or rather the end of the Stream setting Eastward on the New & Full Moon. The Darts shew the direction of the currents produced by the Tides. Some sandbanks are shewn as dotted areas, perhaps, labelled. Relevant to Hampshire for example:- Shingles and less easily read:- Middle Bank Notice the:- Sea Owers labelled south of Selsey. Rocks might be shewn by crosses (X) as at:- Barn Rocks east of Selsey.
coast line coast shaded foreshore headlands lighthouses harbours	The coast line is shaded for emphasis, and foreshore areas are shown dotted. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- St. Albans Hd. Selsea Bill A lighthouse might be shown, eg:- Eddistone / Light House on a rock. And harbours might be labelled, eg:- Pool Harb. Hampshire's large harbours can be recognised, but are not labelled.
coastal defence castles	A few of the coastal defences of Hampshire are noticed:- Hurst Cas. Calshot St. Andrews C.
rivers	Rivers are drawn by wiggly lines tapering inland. A river might be labelled, in Hampshire for example:- Tees R. Itchin R. Avon R. Bourn R. [tributary of Avon]
relief	No relief is shown.
county	County boundaries are a dotted line. The county areas are labelled, eg:- HAMP- / SH The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is drawn, but not labelled.
settlements	Settlements are positioned by a circle, perhaps with added elements, differentiated by style of labelling. Hampshire settlements thus:-
city	circle, ?buildings, cross (+(; labelled in upright block caps:- WINCHESTER

town	circle, ?building, cross (+(; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Alton Andover Except SOUTHAMPTON in italic block caps.

village	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text. eg:- Sutton [Scotney] Popham Lane Horndean

roads	Roads are drawn by a double line; only major routes being shown at this scale. The routes through Hampshire are listed below.
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HAMPSHIRE TOWNS	All the '21' towns in Hampshire are shown:-
	Alton
	Andover
	Basingstoke
	Waltham
	Christchurch
	Fareham
	Fordingbridge
	Gosport
	Havant
	Kingsclear
	Lymington
	Alresford
	Odiham
	Petersfield
	Portsmouth
	Ringwood
	Rumsey
	Southampton
	Stockbridge
	Whitchurch
	Winchester

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HAMPSHIRE ROADS	The roads through Hampshire are:-

	from London; through Bagshot, Surrey; then Basingstoke, Overton, Whitchurch, Andover, Hampshire; on through Salisbury, Wiltshire; and west towards Lands End.

	branch from Andover, Hampshire; through Ambresbury, Wiltshire; and west.

	branch from Basingstoke, through Popham Lane, Sutton [Scotney], Stockbridge, Hampshire; joining the Lands End road at [Lopcomb Corner], Wiltshire.

	branch from Popham Lane, through Winchester, Rumsey, Ringwood, Hampshire; to Pool, Dorset.

	branch from Bagshot, Surrey; across a corner of Hampshire; through Farnham, Surrey; then Alton, Alresford, Winchester, to Southampton, Hampshire.

	branch from Alton, through Warnford, Fareham, to Gosport, Hampshire.

	from London; through Godalming, Surrey; then Lippock, Petersfield, Horndean, to [about Cosham, no room to draw the bit to Portsmouth].
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA2002.512 -- chart
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	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources