notes Brannon 1859

	Research Notes Map Group BRANNON 1859

Brannon 1859
	New Map of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, drawn by P Brannon, engraved by Brannon and Co, published in a history, gazetteer and directory by William White, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield, West Yorkshire, 1859. The map studied is in the Map Collection, Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA2002.85.2.
	This copy of the map is tinted as described in its explanatory tables. It is removed from its directory, and is mounted on linen, and folded differently. The map size is: wxh, sheet = 50x62.5cm; wxh, map = 464x583mm. Note: although the map includes the Isle of Wight, these notes mostly refer just to Hampshire.
	MAP FEATURES
	RAILWAYS
	CANALS
	BOUNDARIES/ELECTORAL DATA
	LAT/LONG SCALES
	WHITE'S DIRECTORY 1878
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
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MAP FEATURES
title map maker engraver publisher	Printed upper left is:- WM. WHITE'S New Map of HAMPSHIRE, AND THE Isle of Wight, CAREFULLY REDUCED FROM THE ORDNANCE SURVEY AND COMPRISING ALL SUBSEQUENT IMPROVEMENTS. BY P. BRANNON, ARCHT. SURVEYOR, &c. & ENGRAVED BY BRANNON & Co. FOR THE HISTORY, GAZETTEER AND DIRECTORY, Published by William White, COLLEGIATE CRESCENT, SHEFFIELD, 1859.
coat of arms	Printed upper centre is a royal coat of arms, supporters, mottoes, and all. They are the arms used by George III from 1816, with the inescutcheon of the House of Hanover surmounted by a crown. Victoria, ruling since 1837, had no inescutcheon. Her arms were like those the queen uses today. Printed in the border corners are roundels with design and caption:- Upper left:- SIGILLUM COMMUNE VILLAE SOUTHAMTONIAE three masted warship, arms of Southampton on the main sail Upper right:- SIGILLUM COMMUNE DE PORTEMUTHA ancient one masted ship, single sail furled, sailors working on yards Lower right:- Signium commie ville de niuport in Insula de Wight ancient single masted ship with one main sail Lower left:- SEAL OF THE MAYOR, ALDERMEN & CITIZENS OF THE CITY & SOKE OF WINCHESTER coat of arms of Winchester, and:- GUL: IV / JAN 1858
vignettes	Printed in the sea either side the Isle of Wight are vignette scenes, captioned, lower left:- WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL lower right:- OSBORNE HOUSE
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed on the left is a compass rose; no circle, star points and lines for the cardinal and half cardinal directions, lines for the false points, North marked by an arrowhead (a sort of exploded fleur de lys). The map is printed with North at the top of the page.
scale line scale	Printed lower left os a:- Scale of 3 Miles to one Inch graduated and labelled in miles from 0 to 9, and a leftward part graduated in quarter miles, labelled 1/2 and 1. The 9+1 miles = 82.1 mm giving a scale 1 to 196022 assuming a statute mile; the map scale is about:- 1 to 200000 3 miles to 1 inch From measuring the position of the 21 towns in Hampshire and comparing them with their 'correct' positions, it is possible to get other estimates of the scale. This process uses DISTTAB.exe software. The map scale is about 1 to 193103, that is:- 1 to 190000 3 statute miles to 1 inch or using the scale line, 1 to 196364, that is:- 1 to 190000 3.10 map miles to 1 inch map mile = 0.98 statute mile The correlation between town to town distances on the map to 'correct' distances is 1.00.
sea plain sandbanks	The sea is plain. A number of sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL SPITHEAD Stokes Bay Some sandbanks are indicated by dotted outline. The Bramble can be recognised; or there might be a label, eg:- The Horse Sand and Tail
coast line coast form lines coast appearance headlands foreshore sea marks lighthouses lightships harbours	The coast line is emphasised by form lines out to a line for the foreshore; perhaps the low tide mark, also showing channels in harbours and estuaries. From this line form lines continue seawards conforming to the new line. The effect is very attractive. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head Gilkicker Pt. and along the coasts of Poole and Christchurch Bays there are labels for a series of chines, cliffs and bunnys. The coast appearance, low cliffs, is drawn on the shore of Christchurch Bay. A line of hill hachures continues this suggestion, low rising land from the coast, from Lymington to Exbury. Some lighthouses are indicated, for example at Hurst Spit:- Lights and at Southsea:- Southsea Cas. & Lt. Also notice some lightships. In the entrance to Southampton Water is a ship with a single mast labelled:- Calshot Lt. and off the east end of the Isle of Wight is a two masted ship:- Nab Light A few harbours are labelled:- Key haven LANGSTON HARBOUR PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR Channels are shown in the larger harbours, and small islands are shown, perhaps labelled, eg:- Pewit Is.
coastal defence castles fortifications	Coastal defences are shown, some of the older castles, and some fortifications:- Hurst Castle Fort Gomer Monckton Fort [star shape] Blockhouse [squarish with four bastions] [Fortifications around Gosport] [fortification around the Royal Dockyard and town, Portsmouth] Southsea Cas. ... [star shape] Lumps Fort Cumberland [angular fort]
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn by wiggly double lines, perhaps with form lines, narrowing upstream to a single tapering wiggly line (!). As well as rivers, numerous channels, 'lakes', are shown in foreshore areas and harbours. Braiding is shown; there is a splendid lot of this at Ringwood. All the major river systems are shown, with numerous tributaries. Some rivers are labelled, small as well as large (but not all the large rivers), eg:- Dark water Brook River Test RIVER ENBOURNE BLACKWATER RIVER Bramshaw Brook Holy Water [Woolmer] Where appropriate, rivers are continued outwith the county area. A number of ponds are shown, with form lines. These might be labelled, eg:- Woolmer Pond Sowley Pond Bridges do not seem to be marked especially, but might be labelled, eg:- Knights Br. Eversley Bre. Ram bridge Others are implied by roads or railways crossing, and interrupting, streams, for example see Northam Bridge.
relief hill hachuring	Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. Instead of the narrow ridges drawn by some map makers, the hachures outline areas of higher land. Buried in other detail this is not as successful as it deserves to be. Some hills are labelled, eg:- Magdalen Hill St. Catherines Hill Easton Down Flower Down Compton Down Worthy Down Twyford Down around Winchester. Near Exton thre is a hill named:- Beacon Hill elsewhere I have seen little sign of beacons.
woods forests trees	A lot of woodland is indicated by little tree symbols, with bushes and dotted lines for undergrowth. Some of these have an outline boundary. A number are labelled, eg:- Doles Wood Basely Copse Highden Wood as well as the larger:- FOREST OF BERE [East Bere Forest] Woolmer Forest [correctly lacking trees] Alice Holt Forest An individual tree might be labelled, eg:- Marplit Oak by a road W of Boldre, without a tree symbol.
parks	Parks are drawn in outline with a pecked interior; no hint of fence palings. Many are labelled, eg:- Twyford Park Cadland Park as well as the more ancient:- Hackwood Park Dogmersfield Park The park may contain house, roads, ponds, etc, for example at Highclere, whereis:- Highclere Castle and:- in each case the house labelling the park.
county	The county boundary is a chain doted line; dot dot dash. Similar lines divide the adjacent counties which are labelled, eg:- SUSSEX The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is not shown.
settlements street map	Settlements are marked by groups of blocks, in bigger places arranged on roads in a street plan. A cross (+) is used to indicate a church in towns and villages. Places are differentiated by style of lettering.
city	group of blocks on a street plan; labelled in larger upright block caps:- WINCHESTER

town	group of blocks, perhaps on a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- ANDOVER LYMINGTON or in one case, larger block caps:- SOUTHAMPTON

village	group of blocks, probably a cross; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Lower Wallop Milton

hamlet	a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Middle Wallop Arnewood This style of lettering is used generally for other features.

roads road distances turnpike gates	A comprehensive network of roads is drawn by double lines; solid or dotted for fenced and unfenced. Main roads are broader, and mostly have light bold lines; lesser roads are narrower. Figures along some roads, at 2 mile intervals, give distances from town to town. You have to look carefully to know what town. This distance numbering is another clue to what the map maker regarded as the major road network. There are clues to turnpike gates along some roads. Eg:- Gate [at Vernhams Dean] A junction might be labelled, eg:- Lobcombe Corner Bordon Cross [SW of Froxfield]
Route diagram:-
miscellaneous	Theses are things noticed, but not systematically searched for.
inns	Some inns are noticed. Eg:- The Bell [S of Bramshaw] Deluge Hut [halfway from Winchester to Stockbridge] Horse and Groom [N of East Tisted]
army camps	At Aldershot there are two arrays of rectangular pecking, either side of the canal, labelled:- Nth. Camp Sth. Camp and notice:- The Queens Pavilion
antiquities hillforts	North of Farley Chamberlayne is labelled:- Ancient Entrenchment
iron works	On Hengistbury Head are labelled:- Iron Mines and at Sowley, below what looks to be a dammed pond:- Sowley Forge
salterns	There are ponds on the coast between Lymington and Keyhaven, labelled:- Salt Works
schools	Notice:- Queenwood College [SW of Broughton]
race courses	On Worthy Down is:- Winchester Race Course W of Stockbridge:- Stockbridge Race Ground N of Lyndhurst:- Race Course
gibbets	A gibbet might be noticed, perhaps drawn by a letter T. Eg:- Gibbet [SW of Ringwood]
monuments	The:- Monument on Farley Mount is labelled, and on Portsdown is:- Nelsons Monument
follies	South of Freefolk is labelled:- Folly Hill and more directly, at North Waltham is:- Folly
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RAILWAYS
	Railways are drawn by a bold smooth line sweeping across the landscape, passing under and over roads. This line is not added over everything else willy-nilly as on some maps; it is part of the original engraving. Some railways are named. The following railways can be recognised (the 'modern' names are the identifying names used in Old Hampshire Gazetteer), date order:-
London and Southampton Railway	open as the London and South Western Railway, 1840, labelled:- SOUTHAMPTON AND LONDON RAILWAY

Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway	open 1842.

Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway	open 1847.

Southampton and Dorchester Railway	open 1847.

Berkshire and Hampshire Railway	open 1848, labelled:- BASINGSTOKE AND READING RAILWAY

Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway	open 1848, labelled:- SOUTH COAST RAILWAY

Fareham to Cosham branch railway	open 1848.

Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway	open 1849, labelled:- READING AND REIGATE RAILWAY

Farnham to Alton branch railway	open 1852, labelled:- ALTON BRANCH

Basingstoke and Salisbury Railway	open 1857.

Lymington Railway	open 1858.

Portsmouth Railway	open 1859, labelled:- PORTSMOUTH DIRECT RAILWAY

Andover and Redbridge Railway	open 1865, authorised 1858, labelled:- REDBRIDGE AND ANDOVER RAILWAY (late Andover Canal) still drawn as the canal.

...	outwith Hampshire; Reading, Newbury, Hungerford; labelled:- BERKS AND HANTS OR GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY

...	outwith Hampshire; London to Bristol line through Reading; labelled:- GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY
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CANALS

canals	Canals are mostly shown by a triple line, light bold light, perhaps labelled.
Andover Canal	From the edge of Andover to the railway at Redbridge; labelled:- REDBRIDGE & ANDOVER RAILWAY (late Andover Canal)

Basingstoke Canal	From the middle of Basingstoke; no branch to Turgis (shouldn't be one); a gap for Greywell Tunnel, labelled:- Tunnel loop around Dogmersfield Park; leaves county at Aldershot; labelled:- Basingstoke Canal

Itchen Navigation	From South Stoneham to St Cross, just short of Winchester; not labelled.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal	The segment in Hampshire, across Portsea Island is not shown; it had closed in the 1820s-30s; the section remaining in 1859, Chichester to Chichester Harbour, is shown, labelled:- Arundel and Portsmouth Canal

Salisbury and Southampton Canal	From Alderbury, outside Salisbury; to the Andover Canal; labelled:- Salisbury Canal partly filled up the segment from Redbridge to Southampton not shown.

Titchfield Canal	Drawn as a second river parallel to the Meon, from Titchfield to The Solent - not recognised by the map maker.

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BOUNDARIES/	ELECTORAL DATA
boundaries hundreds electoral data	Printed lower towards the right is an:- EXPLANATION The Police Divisions are distinctly coloured. The broad blue belt is the boundary of the Northern and Southern Divisions. The thin blue lines are the Boundaries of the Parliamentary Boroughs. Railways & Stations [bold line, circles beside line] The Police Divisions have dashed boundaries which are tinted differently. The areas are numbered, keyed to a table of data:- THE PETTY SESSIONAL & POLICE DIVISIONS are coloured distinctly, and the LARGE FIGURES near the centre of each correspond with the FIGURES in the following List if these Divisions, so that their names may be readily ascertained on the Map. 1 Alton 2 Andover 3 Basingstoke 4 Droxford 5 Fareham 6 Kingsclere 7 New Forest and Lymington 8 Odiham 9 Petersfield 10 Ringwood 11 Romsey 12 Southampton 13 Winchester 14 Isle of Wight The 38 HUNDREDS and 12 LIBERTIES into which Hampshire is divided were amalgamated and arranged in the above named DIVISIONS in 1834. Printed on the right is more descriptive text and tables:- HAMPSHIRE AND THE ISLE OF WIGHT had 405,370 inhabitants in 1851: they extent over 1070,200 acres: the rateable annual value of their lands and buildings is about L1,514,100. PARLIAMENTARY DIVISIONS & BOROUGHS The broad blue belt extending across the county is the boundary of the NORTHERN and SOUTHERN DIVISIONS, each of which sends two Members to Parliament. THE ISLE OF WIGHT sends one member as a separate county or division. The BOROUGHS are WINCHESTER CITY, PORTSMOUTH, SOUTHAMPTON, ANDOVER, LYMINGTON and NEWPORT each sending two, and Christchurch and Petersfield each sending one member. COUNTY POLLING PLACES. NORTHERN DIVISION WINCHESTER, Alton, Whitchurch, Andover, Bishopstoke, Bishops Waltham, Kingsclere, Odiham, New Alresford, Petersfield SOUTHERN DIVISION SOUTHAMPTON, Fareham, Gosport, Havant, Lymington, Portsmouth, Ringwood, Romsey FOR THE ISLE OF WIGHT, Newport, Cowes and Ryde.
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LAT/LONG SCALES
	Printed in parts of the map borders that are not obscured by decoration, coat of arms, and extremities of the county spilling over the frame, are scale of latitude and longitude; chequered in minutes, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The bottom scale is labelled:- Longitude West from Greenwich As well as can be judged the:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 18.5m W
	Calculations from the measured positions of the scale marks show that the graticule is probably of a trapezoid projection.
	The average ratio lat/long = 1.58. which is the expected value at 51 degree N for a 'square' map.
	The 1 degree W meridian is slightly anticlockwise from vertical on the page; other meridians slope in towards it at the North. The parallels are horizontal on the page.
	The ratio of longitude scales top/bottom = 0.95. For a simple trapezoid projection the expected ratio for the scales is the inverse ratio of the cosines of the latitudes, which is 0.98. The amount of convergence of the meridians is a little too much.
	APPENDIX - MEASURED VALUES
	x measurements in pixels from an image at 300dpi.
Longitude, top	1d 40m = 1456 1d 00m = 4248 and y = 216 0d 52m = 4808
Longitude, bottom	1d 40m = 1480 1d 00m = 4412 and y = 6890 0d 52m = 4998
Latitude, left	50d 50m = 4634 51d 00m = 3506 and x + 226 51d 10m = 2371
Latitude, right	50d 50m = 4626 51d 00m = 3492 and x = 5437 51d 10m = 2358
	APPENDIX - INTERMEDIATE VALUES
1 degree longitude, top	4190 pixels
1 degree longitude, bottom	4397 pixels
ratio top/bottom	0.95
1 degree longitude, average	4294 pixels
1 degree latitude, left	6780
1 degree latitude, right	6804 about equal
1 degree latitude, average	6792
ratio lat/long	1.58
angle of 1 degree meridian	- 1d 25m degree, ie anticlockwise from vertical
angle of 51 degree parallel	+ 0d 9m degree ie 0 within errors
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WHITE'S	DIRECTORY 1878
	The title page of the 1878 edition of White's directory reads:-
	HISTORY, GAZETTEER AND DIRECTORY OF THE COUNTY OF HAMPSHIRE INCLUDING THE ISLE OF WIGHT, AND COMPRISING A General Survey of the County AND SEPARATE HISTORICAL, STATISTICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE HUNDREDS, PARISHES, TOWNSHIPS, CHAPELRIES, TOWNS, PORTS, VILLAGES, HAMLETS, & UNIONS; THE DIOCESE OF WINCHESTER; THE SEATS OF ALL THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY; MAGISTRATES AND OFFICERS; AND A GREAT VARIETY OF OTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AGRICULTURAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, BOTANICAL AND GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION. SECOND EDITION. BY WILLIAM WHITE, AUTHOR OF SIMILAR WORKS FOR LEICESTERSHIRE, RUTLAND, LINCOLNSHIRE, NORFOLK, SUFFOLK, ESSEX, YORKSHIRE, AND MANY OTHER COUNTIES. PROCE - CLOTH, 30s.; HALF-BOUND, 35s.
	SHEFFIELD: WILLIAM WHITE, 18 & 20 BANK STREET. LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. 1878. ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL.
	The map in this edition is still Brannon's map. (I have not checked for alterations to the body of the map).
title	Printed upper left is:- WHITE'S New Map of HAMPSHIRE, AND THE Isle of Wight, CAREFULLY REDUCED FROM THE ORDNANCE SURVEY AND COMPRISING ALL SUBSEQUENT IMPROVEMENTS. FOR THE HISTORY, GAZETTEER AND DIRECTORY. Published by William White, 18 & 20 BANK STREET, SHEFFIELD. 1878.
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REFERENCES
	White, William: 1859: History, Gazetteer, and Directory of Hampshire: (Sheffield, West Yorkshire)

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:B1999.280.1 -- map
	HMCMS:FA2002.85.2 -- map
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