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Research Notes
Map Group CARY 1784
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Cary 1784
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Road Book containing strip maps, London to Falmouth, with sections in Hampshire, surveyed by A Arrowsmith, 1782, published by John Cary, Strand, London, 1784. The item studied is in a private
collection.
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Having but the one route the road book is truly a handy,
pocket size book.
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wxh, sheet: 8.5x16cm
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wxh, map: 62x124mm
(approx)
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INTRODUCTION |
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ROUTES in Hampshire |
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ROAD FEATURES |
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OTHER MAP FEATURES |
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REFERENCES |
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ITEMS in the Collection |
| top of page |
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| INTRODUCTION: |
TITLE PAGE |
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The title page has an illustration of two cherubs surveying;
one has a waywiser, the other is writing in a notebook leaning on
a globe; on the ground is a pair of dividers, and in the
bcakground an obelisk. The text reads:-
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CARY'S / ACTUAL SURVEY, / OF THE / Great Post Roads / between /
LONDON and FALMOUTH. / including / A BRANCH to WEYMOUTH. / as
well as / Those from Salisbury to Axminster, either / thro'
Dorchester or Sherborne; / Those from Basingstoke to Salisbury,
either / thro' Popham Lane or Andover; / and / Those from Exeter
to Truro, either / thro' Plymouth or Launceston, / Wherein every
Gentleman's Seat, Village, Town, &c. / within sight of the Road,
is laid down, the principal / Inns on the Road expressed, and the
exact Distances / ascertained. / By A. ARROWSMITH LAND SURVEYOR.
/ 1782. / LONDON: / Printed for J. CARY, Map, Print, and
Chart-seller, the corner of / Arundel Street, Strand, April 4,
1784. / Price 6s.
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LONDON to FALMOUTH
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The small road book deals with one route, from London to
Falmouth; with variations in the way. The roads shown are
outlined on an introductory map at the beginning of the
volume:-
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from London; through Staines, Middlesex; then Basingstoke,
Whitchurch, Andover, Hampshire; to Lopcombe Corner, then
Salisbury, and Harnham Hill, Wiltshire; then Shaftesbury,
Sherborne, Dorset; to Yeovil, Crewkerne, and Axminster,
Somserset; to Honiton, Exeter and Oakhampton, Devon; then
Launceston, Bodmin, St Michael, Truro, and Falmouth,
Cornwall.
alternatives:-
from Basingstoke, through Popham Lane, Stockbridge, Hampshire;
to Lopcombe Corner, Wiltshire.
from Harnham Hill, Wiltshire; through Blandford, to
Dorchester, with a branch to Weymouth, then Bridport, Dorset; to
Axminster, Devon.
from Exeter, through Ashburton, Plymouth, Plymouth Dock,
Devon; then Saltash, Liskeard, Lostwithiel, and St Austel, to
Truro, Cornwall.
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| top of page |
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| ROUTES |
in Hampshire |
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The sequence of pages (pp.4-9 and pp.31-33 through Hampshire)
is taken from granted. But the links between the alternative and
main routes are explained in page footers. So, on page 6 is:-
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See Road from Basingstoke to Salisbury thro Popham Lane page 31
with a continuation to Truroe thro Yeovil Launceston &c.
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and on page 31, at Basingstoke where this alternative road
begins:-
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From London page 6
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The strip maps in the road book have about 10 miles of road
each. The pages that have roads in Hampshire are:-
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page 4
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through Bagshot, past a turning to Portsmouth at the Golden
Farmer, Surrey; to beyond Blackwater, Hampshire
miles 24 - 33 from London.
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page 5
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across Hartford Bridge, past a turning to Portsmouth at mile
37, a turning to Odiham at Hook, from mile 40 to 42 the 'Old
Road' is shown through Newnham now replaced by a straighter
stretch, over Walcrend Bridge from mile 42 there is another new
road as well as the 'Old Road', Hampshire.
miles 33 to 42 from London.
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page 6
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the 'Old Road' meets the new road at mile 43, from 43 to near
45 an 'Intended New Road' is shown as well as the current, less
straight, road, to Basingstoke where turnings to Reading and
Winchester are shown, then through Worting, turnings to Oxford
and Winchester, and onwards, Hampshire.
miles 42 to 51 from London.
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page 7
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beyond mile 52 a turning to Winchester, then at Overton
turnings to Newbury and Winchester, through Whitchurch, to beyond
Hurstbourne, Hampshire.
miles 51 to 60 from London.
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page 8
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through Andover, turnings to Winchester and Newbury, turning
to Devizes, to beywond Abbotts Ann, Hampshire.
miles 60 to 70 from London.
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page 9
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through Middle Wallop, Hampshire; to Lopcombe Corner, meet
road from Stockbridge, and on into Wiltshire.
miles 70 to 80 from London.
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page 31
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from Basingstoke, turning to Andover, through Popham Lane,
turning to Winchester, and onwards, Hampshire.
miles 45 to 55 from London.
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page 32
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at mile 55 a turning to Winchester, before Sutton Scotney a
turning to Whitchurch and Newbury, at the village a turning to
Winchester and onwards, Hampshire.
miles 55 to 64 from London.
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page 33
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through Stockbridge, turnings to Winchester and Southampton,
before mile 72 a turning to Devizes, Hampshire; to Lopcombe
Corner, meeting the other route, Wiltshire.
miles 64 to 73 from London.
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| Route diagram:- |
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| top of page |
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| ROAD FEATURES |
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roads
signposts
turnpike gates
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The road is drawn by a double line, bold and light, a
convention that is common at this period for turnpiked roads. The
line might be continuous or dotted, presumably for an enclosed ie
fenced or open ie unfenced road. See, for example, the road
across bare Hill before Andover, page 8.
Junctions, cross roads and turnings, are clearly drawn. The
side road is often labelled with a destination, which might be a
local village, or just a house, or a more strategic destination.
In some cases a distance is given. Examples:-
to Broughton [p.32]
to Sambourn House [p.32]
Turnpike to Andover [p.31]
to Winchester [p.31]
to Newbury 16M. [p.8]
At numerous junctions there is a drawing of a signpost, and
the remark:-
Hand Post to Yatley
Hand Post to Bramshill Ho.
The word turnpike is used in two ways on these maps; to label
a turnpike road and to label a toll gate. Toll gates are mostly
marked by a barrier drawn across the road and the label:-
Turnpike
There are toll gates at:- p.5 m.37'1, p.6 m.44'6, p.6 on the
side turnings at m.47'6, p.6 m.49'5, p.7 m.57'1, p.8 m.64'3; and
p.31 m.47'4.
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road distances
distances from London
milestones
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Road distances from London are marked by a milestone and
labelled by figures for the distance from London.
At some miles there are two figures, for example:-
15 / 49
on page 6 at mile 49. The smaller figures might be in
descending order. If you look lower on the page you will
see:-
18 to Andover / 46 from
London
Local distances are given to, and sometimes from, a local
centre. The other side of Andover, for example, has:-
65 from London / 1 from
Andover
The system gets more complicated in places. Beyond Lopcombe
Corner, Wiltshire on page 9, is:-
78 4 / 14
The page footer explains:-
Note there is no 76 Mile Stone, and
that here Numbered 77 hath upon it 5 Miles from Sarum, the
fractional number 5/16 at 77 is 5 Miles from Sarum, and 13 from
Andover.
Where there is an alternative route, in Hampshire the
Basingstoke-Stockbridge-Lopcombe road, the distance of the main
route is continued on from the meet of the roads (even though, in
this instance, the alternative is shorter).
Note that distances are given here in miles'furlongs,
estimating between the miles.
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| top of page |
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| MAP FEATURES |
Note that features outside Hampshire are generally
ignored.
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orientation
north point
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Each page has a single line marked with a fleur de lys to
indicate north.
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scale
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The maps have no scale line. Road distances are marked by
milestone and number along the route; from these it is possible
to roughly estimate the map scale, about:-
1 to 120000
2 miles to 1 inch
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rivers
ponds
bridges
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Rivers are drawn in some detail by wiggly lines, bends,
braids, tributaries, etc. Only a few are labelled, eg:-
Black Water
Riv Menton
Ponds might be drawn, perhaps labelled, eg:-
Fleet Pond
Bridges are suggested by the road interupting a river at a
crossing. Some are labelled, eg:-
Hartford Br. [p.5 m.35'4]
Wolson Br. [p.5 m.38'6]
Walcrend Bridge [p.5
m.41'7]
The last is a bridge over the Lyde River at Water End,
Newnham.
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relief
hill hachuring
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Relief is shown by hill hachuring, with some hills labelled,
eg:-
Rookes Down
Bare Hill
Buckholt Hills
In Surrey, off Eastbrostead Plain a couple of valleys are
labelled, eg:-
Broad Moor Bottom
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woods
forests
vegetation
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Little tree symbols are used to indicate woodland, either
within parks or in the landscape generally. Horizontal lines of
dotts might suggest undergrowth. Some woods are labelled,
eg:-
Butter Wood [p.5]
Buls Bushes [p.6]
Amport Grove [p.8]
HAREWOOD FOREST [p.8]
Some woods are enclosed by a line, without fence palings,
suggesting a plantation, eg:-
Burnt Wood [p.6]
Some other vegetation is suggested by labelling, eg:-
Hook Comn [p.5 m.39'4]
Common Fields [p.6 m.18'4]
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parks
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Parks are indicated by fence palings on the boundary line of
an enclosure. Most parks contains trees and undergrowth as
described, and may have trees in avenues, streams and ponds, a
house, etc. A good example is:-
Hursborn Park Ld. Portsmouth
[p.7]
A number of parks are labelled with the gentleman's name as
well as the park name. Eg:-
Elvetham Sr. Harry Calthrefs
[p.5]
Other gentlemen's house, not in parks, are marked by a drawing
of a house, and labelled with the gentleman's name and perhaps
the house name, eg:-
John Norris Esq. [p.4]
Freefolk Ho. Portal Esq.
[p.7]
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county
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County boundaries are a dashed line. The county names are
written across the maps in block caps, often abbreviated. For
instance page 4 has:-
SURRY / BERKS / HANTS
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settlements
streets
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Settlements are marked by groups of blocks on the roads, with
a limited attempt to suggest a street plan and turnings. At the
least the 'shape' of a road through a settlement is suggested,
for instance at Stockbridge, page 33. None of the places has a
church drawing or symbol.
Settlements off the main road are shown by groups of blocks
along streets, perhaps making a small street plan, which is left
detached from any other road.
The settlements are graded by their labelling.
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town
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group of blocks on streets; labeeld in italic block caps,
eg:-
STOCKBRIDGE
BASINGSTOKE
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village
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group of blocks on a street; labelled in upright lowercase
text, eg:-
Sutton [Sutton Scotney]
Broughton
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hamlet
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blocks on a street; labelled in italic lowercase text,
eg:-
Hartley Row
Hursborn
Lowercase italic is used to label many other features on the
maps.
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miscellaneous
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mills
water mills
paper mills
silk mills
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Water mills, paper mills, and a silk mill, are labelled on and
off the road.
Fleet Mill [p.5]
Paper Mill [p.5 in Odiham]
Statewells Silk Mill [p.7 by
Overton]
Paper Mills [p.7 at
Freefolk]
Paper Mill [p.7 beyond
Freefolk]
Paper Mill [p.7 S of Hursborn
Park]
Wallop Mill [p.33 at Lower
Wallop]
The two mils by Freefolk are marked with a 'spiked wheel'
symbol for a water wheel.
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antiquities
hillforts
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A number of hillforts are marked, and labelled, eg:-
Barksbury Camp [p.8 m.65'2, double line
of earthworks]
Bury Hill Camp [p.8 m.65'6, double line
of earthworks]
Dunbar Camp [p.33 m.67'4, single line
of earthworks]
Figsbury Ring, Wiltshire, is marked by a spiral of
earthworks!
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inns
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Some inns are marked along the road, a small block, and a
label:-
Crooked Billot [p.5
m.38'6]
Red Lion [p.5 m.41'7]
The Hatch [p.6 m.44'6]
Stag and Hounds [p.31
m.47'4]
Sun [p.31 m.50'3]
Flower Pot [p.31 m.51'3]
Wheatsheaf [p.31 m.51'4]
Ludford Hut [p.32 m.63'3]
But, more important inns are given in the page footers, for
each town, etc:-
[p.4] ... BLACKWATER. White Hart. White
Swan. Red Lion.
[p.5] HARTFORD BRIDGE. White Lion.
MURREL GREEN. Kings Arms. HOOK. White Hart.
[p.6] BASINGSTOKE. Crown. Maidenhead.
WORTING. White Hart.
[p.7] OVERTON. New Inn White Hart.
WHITCHURCH Chequers White Hart.
[p.8] ANDOVER. Star and Garter. Star
and Hart.
[p.32] SUTTON. Coach &
Horses.
[p.33] STOCKBRIDGE. Kings Head.
Swan.
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race courses
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Race courses are marked by a dotted line for the course, and
perhaps a posts at intervals around it, labelled:-
Course
There are three courses noticed in Hampshire:- near Bramshill
p.5 m.37'0, by Worting outside Basingstoke p.6 m.47'6, and at
Stockbridge p.33 m.67'6.
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antiquities
hillforts
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Some hillforts are drawn in outline on a hill, and labelled,
eg:-
Bury Hill Camp
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| top of page |
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| REFERENCES |
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reference:- |
Cary, John: 1784: Cary's Actual Survey of the Great Post Roads between London
and Falmouth: (London) |
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| top of page |
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ITEMS |
in HMCMS Map Collection and Private Collections (scanned item in bold)
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private collection (32) -- road book
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private collection (32_4) -- strip map (p.4)
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private collection (32_5) -- strip map (p.5)
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private collection (32_6) -- strip map (p.6)
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private collection (32_7) -- strip map (p.7)
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private collection (32_8) -- strip map (p.8)
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private collection (32_9) -- strip map (p.9)
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private collection (32_31) -- strip map (p.31)
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private collection (32_32) -- strip map (p.32)
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private collection (32_33) -- strip map (p.33)
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| top of page |
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All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources |