notes Collins 1850

	Research Notes Map Group COLLINS 1850

Collins 1850
	Map, Hampshire, scale about 4.5 miles to 1 inch, published by Henry G Collins, 22 Paternoster Row, London, 1850; published 1850-68.
	These notes are taken from the engraved map of Hampshire by Henry G Collins, 1850, published as a lithograph by John Heywood, Manchester, 1868. The map studied is in the Map Collection, Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA2002.85.3.
	The map size is: wxh, sheet = 38.5x46cm; wxh, map = 343x419mm.
	MAP FEATURES
	RAILWAYS & CANALS
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
decorative border	The map has a line border with decorative spandrels of foliage scrolls at the corners, and similar decoration half way along each side.
title cartouche scroll cartouche map maker publisher	Printed upper left is a plain title cartouche with added foliage scrolls:- THE BRITISH GAZETTEER / HAMPSHIRE. Printed at the bottom:- London, Published for the Proprietors by H. G. Collins, 22 Paternoster Row. Chubb's assessment is that this is a poor lithographic copy of the original; published in 'John Heywood's County Atlas of England and Wales, ...' 1868.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed upper right is a compass rose; no circle, decorated lines for cardinal and half cardinal points, North marked by a fleur de lys. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
lat and long scales	Printed within the borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a trapezoid or rectangular projection; chequered in minutes, labelled at 5 minute intervals. The lower scale is labelled:- Longitude West from Greenwich However, the longitude, Winchester = 1d 17.5m W rather than the 1d 18.4m W expected. Calculations from the scales suggest that there could be a trapezoid projection, but this is uncertain, and I incline to think the projection is rectangular. The ratio lat/long scales = 1.56 at 51 degree N, the expected value for a 'square' map is 1.58.
scale line scale	Printed lower left is a:- Scale chequered and labelled at mile intervals, with a leftward mile chequered in quarter miles, labelled at half. The 10+1 miles = 64.2 mm gives a scale 1 to 275744, assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 280000 4.5 miles to 1 inch
table of symbols electoral data	Printed lower left is a dense table of symbols, an:- EXPLANATION. Division of Counties ... [dashed line] Boundaries of Boroughs ... [dotted line] Contributory Borough {with concave side towards Principal Borough.} ... [crescent moon] Boroughs returning two Members ... [large double circle] Do. ... ... 1 Do. ... [large circle] Do. ... wholly Disfranchised ... [black triangle] Do. ... Disfranchised of 1 Member ... [black and white triangle] Principal Places of County Election ... [large square] Polling Places ... [large maltese cross] Markets Towns, with the distance from London in measured Miles, as ... ANDOVER / 63 1/2 Churches and Chapels ... [cross (+)] Seats of the Nobility and Gentry ... [outline with fence palings] Railways ... [bold line, station marked by a bold dot] Lines for which Acts have been obtained ... [double line] Turnpike Roads ... [double line, light bold] Bye Roads ... [narrower double line, light light] Mail Coach Roads ... [double line with dotted line down the middle] Rivers ... [wiggle line] Navigable Canals ... [triple line, light bold light] NB. The figures on the Turnpike Roads show the distance in measured Miles between the Towns.
sea area sea plain sandbanks wrecks	The sea is plain; some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Hurst Road Christchurch Bay SOUTHAMPTON WATER Sandbanks are not marked, but might be labelled, eg:- Mother Bank off the Isle of Wight. In Spithead is labelled:- Wreck of the Royal George which sank in 1782 and had been cleared in 1839-40, well before this map was drawn.
coast line headlands lighthouses harbours	The coast line is unemphasised. On Hurst Spit is labelled:- Light Houses and west of Stans Ore Point is a ?tower, unlabelled. Some harbours are labelled, eg:- Portsmouth Harbour
coastal defence castles fortifications	Several of the older coastal defence castles are marked and labelled:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle South Sea Castle and also:- Eaglehurst Castle which is not a castle, and not part of the coastal defences. More recent fortifications are also shown, maybe labelled:- Ft. Monkton [fortifications round Gosport] [fortifications at Portsmouth dockyard] The Lines [north shore of Portsea Island] Cumberland Fort
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line tapering inland from their estuary. The river or estuary might be labelled, eg:- Lymington Creek Anton River Itching R. Holly Water [at Woolmer] All the main river systems of the county are represented, with some tributaries. A few ponds are drawn in outline and labelled, eg:- Fleet Pond Woolmer Pond but not the great pond at Alresford. Bridges might be labelled, eg:- Knights Bridge Thornford Br. on the Enborne, but might otherwise only be implied by a road crossing and interrupting a river.
relief hill hachuring beacons	Some relief is indicated by hill hachuring, but this is easily lost in the busy detail of the map, and gives no overall idea of the shape of the land. Some hills are named, eg:- Old Winchester Hill Honour Hill [by Upper Wallop] Tatchbury Mt. Beacon Hill [Farley Chamberlayne] Beacons are hardly noticed except as an accident of the hill name.
woods forests trees vegetation	Woodland is indicated by tree, bush, and undergrowth symbols, and perhaps labelling, eg:- Benworth Holt Faccombe Wood NEW FOREST FOREST OF BERE [East Bere Forest] Or might be labelled, without any trees, eg:- Holt Forest Woolmer Forest It makes a change to see Woolmer, which has few trees, drawn without woods; but Alice Holt should have some. The old forests are not particularly noticed. Some areas may be labelled as commons, etc, eg:- Horsdon Comn. [S of Odiham]
parks	The table of symbols refers to 'seats' and the areas shown by an outline with fence palings filled with woodland or just pecked, are recent as well as old parkland. These might be labelled with a park name, or a house name, eg:- Rotherfield Park Pelham Place [near Rotherfield]
county	The county boundary is a dashed line. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- WILTSHIRE The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is shown, labelled:- PART OF HANTS and detached parts of Wiltshire appear on the northern border of Hampshire. These detached parts had all been eliminated by an Act in 1844, well before the map is thought to have been drawn.
electoral data	The map shows a great deal of electoral data; as explained in the table of symbols, and more. The county divisions are separated by a dot dash line, and labelled:- NORTHERN DIVISION SOUTHERN DIVISION Boroughs are bounded by a dotted line. Not all the symbols in the 'explanation' are used in Hampshire. Examples in the county are:-
Winchester	a [square] as a principal place of county election; a [double circle] as it returns two members to Parliament; and a [maltese cross] as it is a polling place. It also has two stars attached. This is an earlier convention for showing that it returned two members to Parliament.

Petersfield	lacks a [circle] to show it still returns a member; has a [black and white triangle] showing it is disfranchised of 1 member; and a [maltese cross] for being a polling place. It has two stars showing it used to return two members to Parliament.

Stockbridge	a [black triangle] showing it has been disfranchised. It has two stars showing it used to return two members to Parliament.
	A summary of representation is printed below the title, upper left:- 2 For each Division of County ... 4 2 Do. ... Five Boroughs ... ... 10 1 Do. ... Two Boroughs ... ... 2 Total number of Members ... ... 16 Exclusive of the Isle of Wight.
hundreds table of hundreds	Hundred boundaries are doted lines. The hundred areas are labelled with a number keying to a table of hundreds:- REFERENCES to the HUNDREDS 1 Alton 2 Andover ... 38 Wherwell
settlements	Settlements are marked by groups of blocks, perhaps with a cross (+) for a church. Places are differentiated by style of lettering. There are added symbols for electoral data, already explained, which may hide much else.
city	group of blocks (hidden); labelled in upright block caps:- WINCHESTER / by Basingstoke 62 1/2 / Farnham 65 1/4 Towns are labelled with their distance from London.

town	group of blocks; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- PETERSFIELD ALTON

village	group of blocks, perhaps with a cross; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Upper Wallop Medstead

hamlet	small group of blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Middle Wallop Itchel This style of lettering is used generally for other features.

roads	Road are shone by double lines. This is varied to differentiate roads, as described in the table of symbols. turnpike [double line, light and bold] to be turnpiked [double line, medium bold] bye road [narrower double line, light] Post roads are distinguished by having a row of dots down the middle. There are a few road names, eg:- Popham Lane And a junction might be named, eg:- Lobcomb Corner A network of roads covers the whole county.
miscellaneous
antiquities hillforts roman roads	Some hillforts are noticed, eg:- Qaurley Hill Camp and between Winchester and Salisbury a:- Roman Road
race courses	A race course might be shown by its track, labelled, eg:- Race Course to the north west of Stockbridge.
inns	Some inns are marked by roads, eg:- Wheatsheaf Inn at Popham Lane; the Sun Inn is just up the road.
posts	A few posts are labelled, eg:- Dibden Post
	top of page

RAILWAYS & CANALS
railways	Railways are drawn by a broad bold line; stations marked by a bold dot. Lines to be built are shown by a double line. The railway might be labelled. The completed railways in the county are:- London and Southampton Railway, 1840, labelled:- South Westn. Ry. Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway, 1842 Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway, 1847 Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway, 1847 Southampton and Dorchester Railway, 1847 Berkshire and Hampshire Railway, 1848 Fareham to Cosham branch railway, 1848 Lines in progress are:- Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway, 1849, labelled:- Reading, Guildford, & Reigate Raily. Farnham to Alton branch railway, 1852 Basingstoke and Salisbury railway, 1857 Portsmouth Railway, 1859, labelled:- Portsmouth Raily. Andover and Redbridge Railway, 1865 The map is fairly uptodate with railways.
canals	Canals are marked by a curvy triple line, light bold light; some are labelled. At this date the canals are threatened by rail, but are still an important transport system. The canals shown are:-
Basingstoke Canal	From the county border near Ash, to Basingstoke. Greywell Tunnel a dotted line. The branch to Turgis, which was never cut, is shown from North Warnborough, through Hook, Rotherwick, Hartley Wespall, to Stratfield Turgis.

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal	Across Portsea Island from Portsmouth to Langstone Harbour, then a dotted line across this harbour, north of Hayling Island, across Chichester Harbour, into Sussex ...

Salisbury and Southampton Canal	From the county boundary near East Dean, past Lockerly to meet the Andover Canal. And from Redbridge to Southampton (obscured, but visible, on the map) This canal was never completed.

Andover Canal	From Andover to Redbridge. Shown with the planned railway alongside.

Berks and Hants Canal	Proposed 1794, with several routes surveyed; its Bill failed 1826 and it was never built. It is shown from the county border near Fair Oak, through a tunnel near Wolverton, past Sherborne St John, to meet the Basingstoke Canal at Old Basing.
	top of page

PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	Published in 'The Travelling Atlas of England & Wales, with all the Railways & Coach Roads, the Cities, Towns, Parks & Gentlemen's Seats Preceded by General Maps of England & North & South Wales. The whole carefully Revised and Corrected to the Present Time. London: Published (for the proprietors) by Henry George Collins, 22, Paternoster Row.' 1850.
	The atlas has title page, list of maps, and the maps; its size is 5 x 6 1/2 ins.
	This is perhaps not the first edition?
	Published in parts by W S Orr and Co, 2 Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, London, 1852.
	published in a poor lithographic copy 'John Heywood's County Atlas of England and Wales, with all the Railways & Coach Roads, Cities, & Gentlemen's Seats. Revised and Corrected to the present time. Manchester: John Heywood, 141 and 143, Deansgate ... London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co.' 1868.
	top of page

REFERENCES
	Collins, Henry G: 1850: Travelling Atlas of England and Wales: (London)
	Collins, Henry G: 1852: Travelling Atlas of England and Wales: Orr, W S and Co (London)
	: 1868: John Heywood's County Atlas of England and Wales: Heywood, John (Manchester) & Simpkin, Marshall and Co (London)

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA2002.85.3 -- map
	top of page

	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources