notes Cowley 1743

	Research Notes Map Group COWLEY 1743

Cowley 1743
	Map, Hamp-Shire ie Hampshire, scale about 13.5 miles to 1 inch, by J Cowley, London, 1743; published 1743-45.
	These notes are made from a copy of COWLEY'S MAP of HAMPSHIRE 1743, in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1999.108
	MAP FEATURES
	PUBLISHED
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
drape cartouche title cartouche map maker	Printed lower left is the title on a draped hanging:- An Improved MAP of HAMP-SHIRE, containing ye Borough & Market Towns, with those adjoyning; also, it's Principal Roads and Rivers, by I. Cowley Geographer to his Majesty.
table of symbols	Printed upper left is:- Explanation Cities ... [circle, buildings, asterisks] Boroughs ... [circle, fewer buildings, asterisks] Market Towns ... [circle, tower] Castles ... [circle, flag] The asterisks are not explained, but of maps in this period they usually denote the number of members sent to Parliament by a borough.
orientation compass rose	The map has a simple compass rose, a circle with cross lines for the cardinal directions, north indicated by a fleur de lys, east by a cross. Up is a about 5 degrees east of north.
lat and long scales	There are latitude and longitude scales in the borders, chequered at 5 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The scales are oblique, slanted as the compass rose. Printed bottom right is:- Deg. W. Long. from London.
scale line scale	The map has a scale line of:- English Miles chequered and labelled at 2 mile intervals. 10 miles = 18.8mm gives a scale 1 to 856034 assuming a statute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 860000 14 miles to 1 inch
sea area sea plain	The sea is plain. A few sea areas are labelled:- THE CHANNEL St. Hellens Road Hampton Water
coast line coast shaded coast form lines headlands foreshore	The coast is shaded, but has form lines up Southampton Water and in larger harbours. A few headlands are labelled:- Hengistbury Head Ram's head The spits at Hurst and Calshot are drawn with dotted lines, like sandbanks. Harbours are not labelled.
coastal defence castles	Some of the coastal defence castles are marked, circle and flag symbol, and labelled:- Hurst Cast. Calshot Cast. S. Andrews Cast.
rivers bridges ferries	Wiggly lines are used to draw rivers from the coast or continue them from an estuary. The major rivers are drawn with some tributaries. Some are labelled:- Loddon R. Tees R Wallop R. Itchin R. Bridges are mostly not drawn, but suggested by the crossing of a road over a river. Portsey Bridg is labelled on one or other of two roads that cross to Portsea Island. Three bridges are drawn, detached from any principal road. Two across the River Meon, about Titchfield, one across the Wallington River at Fareham. A road drawn from Lymington goes through Beaulieu and ends at the coast opposite Southampton. This suggests the existence of a ferry, the Hythe Ferry.
relief	The map shows no relief.
woods forests	Generally woods and forests are not drawn on the map. But there is a small group of trees north of Ringwood, and label nearby:- New Forest
county	The county boundary is a dotted line, on the map studied this is tinted. The detached part of Hampshire in West Sussex is not inlcued on the map. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- Part of WILTSHIRE and their boundaries shown for a short way out from the Hampshire border.
settlements	Settlements are drawn by a small circle with elements to distinguish type of place.
city	circle, buildings, asterisks; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER

town	boroughs by circle, fewer buildings, asterisks; market towns by circle, tower; labelled in two ways, italic block caps, just for:- SOUTHAMPTON upright lowercase text, eg:- Alton Stokebridge Allesford

village	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Sutton [Sutton Scotney] Harndon Only villages that are (necessary?) way points on a principal road are drawn.

electoral data	The asterisks on city and boroughs are assumed to indicate the number of members returned to Parliament by the place; this map is in the era of rotten boroughs. The following places are represented:- Andover - 2 Christchurch - 3 Lymington - 1 Petersfield - 2 Portsmouth - 2 Southampton - 2 Stockbridge - 2 Whitchurch - 2 Winchester - 2
roads road distances	The 'principal roads' in the county are drawn by a double continuous line. The routes displayed by Cowley differ from Ogilby's routes, although the important routes are still in evidence - London to Portsmouth, to Southampton, to Lands End, to Weymouth, and to Poole. Destinations out of the county are labelled, eg:- to London to Senan to Truro A group of these labels, west of the county, is supported by a pointing hand symbol. Road distances from place to place are marked beside the road. Thus Basingstoke to Alton is 8 miles, Alton to Petersfield 10, etc. The distance from Lymington to Southampton is given, 8 miles, on the road that needs a ferry at Hythe. Distances outwith the county are not given.
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PUBLISHED
	Published in 'The Geography Of England: Done in the Manner of Gordon's Geographical Grammar, Each County being consider'd under the following Heads, viz. The name, Situation, Air, Soil, Commodities, Rivers, Chief Towns, Noblemen's Seats, Curiosities Natural and Artificial, Remarkable Persons, Various Particulars. To each County is Prefix'd A compleat Mapp from the Latest and Best Observations, shewing the Chief Towns, Parks, Rivers and Roads, both direct and across. Also A Separate Mapp of England, of the Roads, Of the Channel, and a Plan of London. Likewise by Way of Introduction, A Clear and Distinct View of our Constitution, And Every Branch of the Legislature. London: Printed for R. Dodsley, at Tully's Head in Pall Mall, M,DCC,XLIV.' ie 1744, but published 1743.
	the book size is 4 1/2 x 6 1/2 ins; it contains 56 folded maps.
	Published in 'A New Sett of Pocket Mapps Of all the Counties of England and Wales. Shewing, The Situation of all the Cities, Boroughs, Market-Towns, and most considerable Villages, with the Distances between each. Also the Rivers and Roads both direct and across. Together with A Separate Mapp of England, a Plan of the Roads, and a Chart of the Channel. London: Printed for R. Dodsley in Pall-Mall, and M. Cooper in Pater-noster Row. 1745.'
	The atlas size is 6 1/4 x 8 ins; the map is unchanged.
	Published in another edition 1745.
	Another edition 1765 had no maps.
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REFERENCES
	Dodsley, R: 1744: Geography of England: (London) Dodsley, R: 1745: New Sett of Pocket Mapps Of all the Counties of England and Wales: Dodsley, R & Cooper, M (London)

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA1999.108 -- map
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