notes Dispatch 1863

	Research Notes Map Group DISPATCH 1863

Dispatch 1863
	Map, Hampshire Northern Division and Southern Division, 2 sheets, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by Edward Weller, first published in 1858.
	These notes are taken from two sheets, north and south electoral divisions of Hampshire, plates 33 and 32 respectively in Cassell's British Atlas, published by Cassell, Petter and Galpin, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, London, 1864-67. The maps studied are in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museum Service, item HMCMS:FA2000.46. The map sizes are: wxh, sheet = 49x34cm; wxh, map = 426x305mm.
	MAP FEATURES
	HAMPSHIRE TOWNS
	PUBLISHED
	DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
	ITEMS in the Collection
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MAP FEATURES
title map maker publisher	printed lower left on the north sheet:- HAMPSHIRE (NORTH DIVISION) BY EDWD. WELLER F.R.G.S. and on the south sheet:- HAMPSHIRE (SOUTH DIVISION) BY EDWD. WELLER F.R.G.S. Printed bottom right on each sheet is:- LONDON. PUBLISHED BY CASSELL, PETTER & GALPIN, LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C.
orientation up is N	The maps are printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale line scale	Printed lower left on each sheet is a scale of:- British Statue Miles. marked 1..5 then 10 miles. The 10 miles = 85.4 mm gives a scale 1 to 188448. The map scale is about:- 1 to 190000 3 miles to 1 inch
lat and long scales	Printed in the borders of the maps are scales of latitude and longitude for a trapezoid, or more scientific projection. The north sheet scales are chequered in minutes, labelled at 5 minute intervals; the south sheet scales have no chequers or marks for minutes, but are just marked and labelled at 5 minute intervals. The bottom scale, north sheet, is labelled:- Longitude West of Greenwich From the longitude scales the:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 18.8m W in agreement with the label. The maps include from 0d 38m to 1d 58m W, from 50d 37m to 1d 23m N; the whole of Hampshire including the Christchurch area now Dorset, plus the Isle of Wight The two sheets sensibly include slightly different ranges of longitude.
sea area sea plain	The sea area is plain, some areas labelled, eg:- Christ Church Bay THE SOLENT SPITHEAD
coast line headlands harbours lighthouses	The coast line is unemphasised; foreshore areas are indicated by a dotted outline, with some channels marked. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head Stone Point Gilkicker Point On Hurst Spit there is a:- Light Ho. The larger harbours are labelled:- PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR Langston Harbour At Southampton there is a:- Dock
coastal defence castles fortifications	A number of the older coastal defence castles and more recent fortifications, and related installations, are noticed (in sequence):- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle Netley Castle Victoria Hospital Browndown Ft. [fortification at Gilkicker Point] Barracks Fort Monkton Haslar Hospital [fortifications around Gosport] Burrow ft [?fortifications around Priddys Hard] Magazine [N of Stamshaw] [Fortifications around the naval dockyard] [fortifications around Portsmouth] Southsea Cas. Lumps Fort Eastney Fort Cumberland Fort [imaginative fortifications!]
rivers ponds bridges ferries	Rivers are drawn by a double line with form lines, narrowing to a wiggly line tapering upstream. Some rivers are named, eg:- River Stour Beaulieu R. called the Exe in the descriptive text, and:- Anton or Test R. listed separately as chief rivers, and:- R. Rother All the county's main river systems are shown, with tributaries. A pond might be drawn in outline with shading, labelled, eg:- Fleet Pond There are some tiny ponds at the stream heads in Woolmer Forest. Alresford Pond is clearly marked, but the River Alre is not shown, and part of the Itchen is missing from about Ovington to the join of the Candovers Stream. Bridges are not much noticed, but see:- Bursledon Br. Boldre Bridge Various other bridges are implied by roads or railways crossing and interrupting streams. A ferry might be labelled, eg:- Ferry across from Hamble on the River Hamble.
relief hill hachuring	Some relief is indicated by hill hachuring. The information is lost, and adds to confusion, on these busy maps. Some hills are labelled, eg:- PORTS DOWN Toot Hill White Hill Owslehurst Down but these might not all have hachures. Hachuring might show the relationship of a road to a ridge very clearly, for example a hill track west of Over Wallop. A valley might be labelled, eg:- Long Valley west of Aldershot.
beacons	Beacons might be suggested by a hill name, eg:- Beacon Hill north west of Crondall. Popham Beacon Burley Beacon are labelled, but by this date could just be hill names. This raises another twist to whether labels on maps are names or descriptions, nominative or descriptive, which is not a clear distinction. Here the name of a beacon 'the beacon at [place]' has become the name of a hill.
woods forests trees vegetation	Woodland is indicated by groups of tree symbols with dotting to indicate rough ground. The wood or forests might be labelled, eg:- Alice Holt Wood WOOLMER FOREST labelled, with no trees, which is about right, and:- Laverstock Wood HAREWOOD FOREST Other rough ground might be indicated by dotting, and labelled, eg:- Yateley Heath Eversley Common Peat Moor all in the area of the:- Hartford Bridge Flats which is labelled alongside the London road.
parks	Parks are drawn in outline with dotted interior, and perhaps rides and a house, etc. They might be labelled by name or name of their great house, eg:- Hackwood Park Tilney Hall Rotherfield Ho. and Park
county	The county and division boundaries are dash dot lines, tinted for emphasis. The detached part of the county in West Sussex is shown, labelled:- Part of Hampshire On each sheet the other part of the county is labelled, thus, on the north sheet, the adjacent area to the south is labelled:- SOUTH DIVISION OF HAMPSHIRE Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- SUSSEX Some settlements, main roads, railways, and perhaps rivers, are drawn outwith the bounds of each sheet for the sake of continuity. This includes, for example, Winchester added to the South Division sheet, and so on.
electoral data	Printed lower left on the north sheet is:- The North Division of Hampshire returns 2 Members of Parliament for the Division, 2 each for the Boroughs of Winchester & Andover & 1 for Petersfield. A corresponding summary is not given on the south sheet, which has a more detailed statement in descriptive text, qv.
settlements	Settlements are marked by groups of blocks and/or shaded and shadowed areas for built up areas in larger towns, with no real attempt to make a street plan. There might be a cross (+) for a church. Places are differentiated by style of lettering; (I think I have got the following notes right).
city town	group of blocks or shaded and shadowed areas; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER LYMINGTON SOUTHAMPTON

town	group of blocks; labelled in italic block caps, eg:- ALTON STOCKBRIDGE

village	some blocks; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Upper Wallop West Worldham

hamlet	a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Middle Wallop Oakhanger This style of text is used generally for map features.

roads turnpike roads	Roads are drawn by double line, solid or dotted indicating fenced and unfenced edges. More important roads are drawn broader and have one line bold; probably indicating turnpike roads. Lesser roads are drawn narrower. A detailed network of roads is shown. Destinations outwith the county might be drawn; for example, the road from Winchester through Romsey is continued out of the county to Salisbury, which is marked by blocks and labelled. Roads are extended to the sheet edges, where they stop with no further clues. Road or junction names are few; notice:- Balls Corner by Alice Holt, and:- Brook Lane north of Warsash. South of Hursley, at a junction, is a:- Direction Post labelled, not drawn. Toll gates do not seem to be noticed, the turnpike system was out of use by this date?
canals	Canals are drawn by a fairly bold curvy line, labelled, eg:- Basingstoke Canal It is also possible to recognise the Andover canal, a small part of the Salisbury to Southampton Canal, perhaps the Itchen Navigation, and the Titchfield Canal.
railways	Railways are drawn by a double line with cross lines. Many lines are labelled, eg:- London and South Western Railway Gosport & Portsmouth Branch A black rectangle on the line marks a:- Statn.
miscellaneous	Like many maps these are littered with some incidental detail, places noticed, but not consistently surveyed and listed.
antiquities tumuli hillforts	Marked by a circle north east of Middle Wallop is a tumulus labelled:- Kent Barrow Marked only by hill hachuring but labelled for the hill and hillfort is:- Quarley F. & Hill Near Abbotts Ann is a double dotted circle, unlabelled, which is Bury Hill hillfort.
antiquities roman roads	Segments of roads lined up between Silchester and Old sarum are labelled:- Port Way / Roman Road The road east of Winchester is labelled:- Roman Road
inns	A number of inns are marked, or at least labelled, eg:- Red lion near Nately Scures, and:- Dean Gate Inn which might suggest an old toll gate, and:- Sun Inn north east of Popham Lane.
mills water mills windmills	A block by a river might mark a water mill, labelled:- Mill for instance, several around Romsey. The mill might be named, eg:- Lockerly Mill Holbury Mill further up the Test. There do not seem to be mill symbols. On a hill, nowhere near a stream (not a marked stream), is:- Sheer Hill Mill on the south end of Waltham Chase, which might be a windmill? At Bursledon is:- Burslean Mill which is a windmill.
brickworks	West of Hinton Ampner are:- Shorley Brick Kilns By Swanwick are several bits of label which it is not easy to put together, perhaps:- Swanwick / Brickland / Ho. The brickworks there are well known (now).
shipyards	On the Beaulieu River just below Beaulieu are:- Ship Yard Baileys Hard
race courses	On Worthy Down north of Winchester is a long dotted double oval:- Race Course and north of Lyndhurst, just a single oval. And west of Stockbridge no track at all, just:- Stockbridge Race Ground
monuments	Some monuments are noticed, for example:- Farley Monument Nelson's Monument Rufus Stone
army camps	On Aldershot Common are two areas of line of rectangular outlines, labelled:- North camp South Camp also notice the:- Queens Pavilion
pounds	Notice:- Hill Pound on Waltham Chase.
salterns	The Lymington salterns are not noticed, but elsewhere there are:- salterns labelled with no special symbol, as on the east shore of Hayling Island, and:- Bounds Saltern on Southampton Water near Fawley.
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HAMPSHIRE TOWNS
	All of the '21' towns of Hampshire are shown on the two sheets, named as follows:-

	Alton
	Andover
	Basingstoke
	Bishops Waltham
	Christ Church
	Fareham
	Fordingbridge
	Gosport
	Havant
	Kingsclere
	Lymington
	Alresford
	Odiham
	Petersfield
	Portsmouth
	Ringwood
	Romsey
	Southampton
	Stockbridge
	Whitchurch
	Winchester
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PUBLISHED
	Published in The Dispatch Atlas. London. Published at the 'Weekly Dispatch' Office, 139, Fleet Street, London, and sold by all Booksellers and Newsagents, 1863. The atlas is a collection of maps published with the newspaper 1856-62, world and county maps; its size is 13 5/8 x 18 7/8 ins.
	Published with others in one of 19 monthly parts of 'Cassell's British Atlas: consisting of counties of England, with large divisional maps of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; copious maps of all the principal routes of railway throughout the country, with indications of every object of importance and interest to the Traveller along the lines; separate maps of Cities, Towns, and places of importance; the Great Map of London, on a scale of nine inches to the mile, with the suburbs and environs, and also a facsimile of Ralph Aggas's Map of Old London, as it was in the time of Queen Elizabeth. London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, La Belle Sauvage Yard, Ludgate Hill, E.C.' 1864-67.
	In the 1864-67 map all traces of connection with the Weekly Dispatch are removed; author and engraver's names are moved to below the title, and a new imprint added; notes and statistics from the 1861 census are added.
	Published, mostly printed by lithographic transfer, sometimes enlarged, with alterations, especially to roads and railways, in an atlas or loose, by G W Bacon and Co, Strand, London, 1869-1902.
	The map might be labelled 'Bacon's map of ...', 'Bacon's new series of county maps ...', 'Bacon's illustrated map of ...', ...
	Published in 'Bacon's New Quarto Atlas ... of the Counties of England.' G W Bacon and Co, 1876.
	Published in 'New Ordnance Atlas of the British Isles' by G W Bacon and Co, 1883.
	Published in 'New Large Scale Atlas of the British Isles' by G W Bacon and Co, about 1885.
	Published in 'Commercial and Library Atlas of the British Isles ...' by G W Bacon and Co, about 1895, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1901.
	Published in 'Bacon's Popular Atlas of the British Isles ...' by G W Bacon and Co, about 1907.
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DESCRIPTIVE	TEXT
	Printed upper and lower right on the south sheet of Weller's map is descriptive text, part taken from the 1861 Census, with electoral data, etc.
	AREA.- 1,070,216 acres, or 1,672 square miles.
	POPULATION (CENSUS OF 1861).- 481,815 (Isle of Wight, 99,746); increase in decennial period, 1851-1861, 76,45, or 19 per cent.; average density of population, 290 to the square mile. Number of inhabited houses, 86,428; increase in decennial period, 11,190. Families or separate occupiers, 103,967. Proportion per cent of town population, 50.8; country population 49.2. Proportional numbers per cent. of persons aged 20 and upward, in each of six classes of occupations: Professional, 10.8; domestic, 40; commercial, 4.5; agricultural, 14.7; industrial, 23; indefinite and non-productive, 7. Blind from birth, 39; deaf and dumb, 228.
	MARRIAGES, 1861.
	Between Bachelors and Spinsters ... 2,988
	Between Bachelors and Widows ... 223
	Between Widowers and Spinsters ... 311
	Between Widowers and Widows ... 149
	Total ... 3,671
	Persons not of full Age, Men ... 161
	Persons not of full Age, Women ... 668
	Signed with Register Marks, Men ... 775
	Signed with Register Marks, Women ... 768
	BIRTHS, 1861.
	Males. ... 7,409
	Females. ... 7,074
	Total. ... 14,483
	Illegitimate. ... 822
	DEATHS, 1861.
	Males. ... 4,232
	Females. ... 3,994
	Total. .. 8,226
	Proportion to Population. ... 1 in 58
	PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.- There are extensive tracts of moderately-elevated land, mostly belonging to the chalk range of southern England. The surface of the county generally is beautifully varied. in the south-west is the New Forest, the largest tract of woodland in England; and, in the east, a smaller wooded district, the Forest of Bere. Chief Rivers: The Avon, the Exe, the Anton, the Test, and the Itchen. THE ISLE OF WIGHT.- This beautiful island is included in the county. It has an area of 99,746 acres, or nearly 156 square miles, and the chief stream is the Medina.
	DIVISIONS.- There are 38 hundreds; 25 superintendent-registrars' districts; 1 city, 2 county towns, 24 market towns, and 253 parishes.
	PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION.- Nineteen members are returned: Hampshire North (registered electors, 3,630), 2; Hampshire South (5,686), 2; Southampton (3,911), 2; Portsmouth (4,071) 2; Winchester (914), 2; Andover (244), 2; Lymington (322), 2; Newport (663), 2; Isle of Wight (2,259), 1; Christ Church (366), 1; Petersfield (332), 1.
	POPULATION OF PRINCIPAL TOWNS.- Winchester, 14,776; Southampton, 46,960; Portsmouth, 94,799; Alton, 3,286; Basingstoke, 4,654; Christ Church, 9,368; West Cowes, 5,482; Fareham, 4,011; Gosport, 7,789; Lymington, 5,179; Newport, 7,934; Petersfield, 5,655; Romsey, 2,166; Ryde, 9,269; Ventnor, 3,208.
	EDUCATION.- Parliamentary assistance is afforded to 248 schools, of which 185 are National, and 17 British schools.
	CRIME.- In 1862, 488 males and 104 females were committed for trial, and 1,083 males and 583 females summarily convicted. Of those, 520 males and 192 females had been previously committed once and less than five times; 57 males and 24 females from five to ten times; and 25 men and 13 women over ten times.
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REFERENCES
	: 1863: Dispatch Atlas: Weekly Dispatch, The (London)
	Cassell: 1867 (1864-67): Cassell's British Atlas: Cassell, Petter and Galpin: (London)
	: 1876: Bacon's New Quarto Atlas: Bacon, G W and Co (London)
	: 1883: New Ordnance Atlas of the British Isles: Bacon, G W and Co (London)
	: 1885: New Large Scale Atlas of the British Isles: G W Bacon and Co (London)
	: 1895 & 1896 & 1897 & 1899 & 1900 & 1901: Commercial and Library Atlas of the British Isles: G W Bacon and Co (London)
	: 1907: Bacon's Popular Atlas of the British Isles: G W Bacon and Co (London)
	Smith, David: 1985: Victorian Maps of the British Isles: Batsford:: ISBN 0 7134 4178 X
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:BWM1965.563 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.32 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.43 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.45 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.46 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.88 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.220 -- map
	HMCMS:FA2000.46 -- map
	HMCMS:FA2002.506 -- map
	HMCMS:R1991.151 -- road map
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