notes Hughes 1868

	Research Notes Map Group HUGHES 1868

Hughes 1868
	Map, Hampshire, scale about 5.5 miles to 1 inch, by William Hughes, published by Virtue, James S and Co, City Road and Ivy Lane, London, 1868.
	Published in 'The National Gazetteer: A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands ... illustrated with a complete county Atlas, and numerous Maps ... London: Virtue and Co., City Road, and Ivy Lane, 1868.'
	The atlas size is 7 x 10 1/2 ins.
	Published in 'A New County Atlas of Great Britain ... by W. Hughes.' 1873.

	These notes are taken from the chromolithograph Map of Hampshire by W Hughes in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:ACM1934.74.8.

	MAP FEATURES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title	Printed upper left:- HAMPSHIRE
map maker publisher printer	Printed bottom right is:- W. Hughes who is the map maker, and bottom centre:- LONDON, J. S. VIRTUE & Co. LIMITED. who printed, and perhaps published the map.
scale line scale	Printed upper left is a scale of:- English Miles This has 10 miles marked at 2 mile intervals, with the first half and 1 mile marked as well. 10 miles = 45.2 mm gives a scale 1 to 356050; the map scale is about:- 1 to 360000 5 1/2 miles to 1 inch
orientation up is N	The map has north at the top of the page; there is no north point.
lat and long scales	The map borders have rectangular latitude and longitude scales, marked at 5 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The bottom border is labelled:- West from Greenwich The scale of the map could be estimated from the latitude scale.
table of symbols	Printed lower left is an abbreviated table of symbols, perhaps just the things the map maker thought needed explanation:- Boundary between North and South Hampshire [dotted line] Railways, thus [chequered double line] The electoral division of the county is a 'live' issue during the series of electoral reforms in the middle of the 19th century. Railways are still a very new element of the landscape; Hampshire's first railway line opened 1838-40.
sea area sea plain	The sea is plain, printed blue. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- The Solent Southampton Water Christchurch B.
coast line headlands harbours	The coast is shown by a plain line. Some harbours are labelled, eg:- Portsmouth Harb. Headlands are not much noticed, but see:- Hengistbury Head Gilkicker Pt.
coastal defence castles fortifications	Coastal defence castles and forts are labelled at:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle Ft. Monckton F. Elson Southsea Cas. Ft. Cumberland Forts Monckton and Elson are drawn with artillery style fortifications which are also shown around the naval dockyard and old town at Portsmouth.
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn with a thin wiggly line, tapering inland. They might be labelled, eg:- R. Anton, or Test R. Hamble Braiding might be shown, for example at Ringwood. Some ponds are drawn in outline, and might be labelled, eg:- Fleet Pond Alresford and Woolmer ponds are drawn but have no name. Bridges are only implied by roads interupting the stream. Some are labelled, eg:- Knight's Br. SW of Ringwood there is:- Shepherd's Spring
relief hill hachuring altitudes	A little relief is indicated by hill hachuring of individual prominences or ranges of hills, W of Winchester for example. Some hills are labelled, eg:- Butser Hill 917 Westbury Hill Portsdown A hill might be labelled with its height. A note under the scale line states:- Heights in feet. A hill might be indicated by label alone, eg:- Toot hill
beacons	There is no symbol for beacons, which are long out of use by the time of this map. But past beacon sites might be implied by a hill name, eg:- Beacon Hill [W of Burghclere] Beacon Hill [N of Exton]
woods forests	Wooded land is indicated by little tree symbols. Some of the ancient forests are labelled, eg:- Woolmer Forest which is drawn with trees, though it is not certain it had many at that time? Also:- Bere Forest [East Bere Forest] New Forest Woods are not much [not at all] shown elsewhere.
parks	Parks are shown by an outline with a pecked filling, perhaps with a dot for the big house. The parks are not just the old, formally emparked areas, but also the newer estates. Examples:- Cadland Park Eaglehurst Hackwood Park
county electoral data	The county boundary is a bold line, the county area, Hampshire, is printed yellow; the detached part of the county S of Haslemere is not shown (has it gone by 1868?). Adjacent counties, uncoloured, are delimited by a dot dash line and labelled, eg:- WILTSHIRE The boundary of the N and S divisions of the county, set up during parliamentary reform is a dotted line. This is overshadowed by the division, printed in bold red, of the county into 6 areas (including the Isle of Wight), labelled in red:- ANDOVER BASINGSTOKE PETERSFIELD FAREHAM LYMINGTON ISLE OF WIGHT The division boundary is near but not the sanme as the relevant red boundaries.
settlements street map	Settlements are drawn by groups of blocks making street plans in larger places, or by one or two blocks, or by a cross (+) for a church. Places are differentiated by their labelling. Quite a lot of places are shown outside the county, for continuity, marked and labelled more lightly.
city	Groups of blocks making a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER

town	Groups of block making a street plan; labelled in italic block caps, eg:- ALTON ROMSEY SOUTHAMPTON

village	A cross + for a church; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Over Wallop Beaulieu

hamlet	one or two blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Poolhampton Chidden

roads	The map has a network of roads drawn by double lines. Solid lines and dotted lines are used, presumably indicating fenced and unfenced stretches of road. More important roads are wider and have a bold and light line; lesser roads are narrower. Roads out of the county are labelled with their destination at the edge of the sheet, perhaps after passing through a town in an adjacent county. Examples:- To Staines on the London road from Andover, Basingtsoke, leaving the county at Blackwater, passing by Bagshot. From Heytesbury on one continuation of the same road, coming up from the West Country, through Amesbury, towards Andover. Junctions are not generally labelled, Locomb corner is not, but see:- Hoblers Corner north of Lymington.
canals	Canals are drawn by a curvy line, like a river but not tapering, labelled, eg:- Basingstoke Canal The Itchen navigation is not noticed. The Test navigation has gone under a newer railway. The Salisbury canal appears to be shown, unlabelled?
railways	Railways are a clear feature of this map. Some are labelled with their name, eg:- L. & S. W. Raily. And, like the roads, are labelled at the edges of the sheet with a destination, eg:- To London L. & S. W. Railwy. (from Dorchester) Direct Portsmth. Raily. (to London) Stations are marked with a dot by the line, and labelled:- St. One station, distant from any settlement, is labelled more:- Beaulieu Rd. Stn.
miscellaneous
hospitals	Some hospitals are shown by the map, drawn by a solid ground plan shape, eg:- Haslar Hosp. Victoria Hosp. [Netley] County Asylum [N of Fareham]
race courses	At least one race course is drawn by an oval, N of Winchester on Worthy Down:- Race Course
army camps	Rectangular grids mark the army camps at Aldershot, labelled:- North Camp South Camp with nearby the:- Queens Pavil.
antiquities hillforts	Some hillforts are marked by a dotted circle, labelled, eg:- Deanbury Hill Old Winchester Hill
antiquities roman roads	A roman road, west of Winchester, is labelled:- R o m a n R o a d Another is labelled similarly, running south west from Silchester, passing north of Andover, ie the Portway.
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:ACM1934.74.8 -- map
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