notes Kitchin 1763

	Research Notes Map Group KITCHIN 1763

Kitchin 1763
	Map of Hampshire, scale about 30 miles to 1 inch, by Thomas Kitchin, published in 'England Illustrated...', printed for R and J Dodsley, Pall Mall, London, 1763-64.
	Kitchin's map of Hampshire, 1763, published 1764, is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1999.128.1 The Hampshire map size is: wxh, sheet = 22.5x28.5cm; wxh, plate = 26x20cm; wxh, map = 256x192mm.
	A road map of England and Wales by Thomas Kitchin was included in 'England Illustrated' in the 1760s. It is believed that item HMCMS:FA1997.115 is a later state of that map.
	The England & Wales map size is about wxh, sheet=47x39cm, plate 361x359mm, map 349x346mm.
	MAP FEATURES - HAMPSHIRE map
	MAP FEATURES - ENGLAND & WALES map
	IDENTIFICATION of the ENGLAND & WALES MAP
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
	top of page

MAP FEATURES	- HAMPSHIRE map
title baroque cartouche map maker	Printed upper left is a baroque title cartouche:- A New MAP of HAMP SHIRE, Drawn from the best Authorities. By Thos. Kitchin Geogr. Engraver to H.R.H. the Duke of York.
orientation compass rose	There is a compass rose with star points for the cardinal directions and lines for the half cardinal directions. North is marked by a large fleur de lys, east by a cross. Up is north on the sheet.
scale line scale	The map has a scale line of:- British Statute Miles 69 to a Degree The scale line is chequered progressively; 10 miles = 37.7mm gives a scale 1 to 426882. The map scale is about:- 1 to 430000 7 miles to 1 inch
lat and long scales lat and long grid	There are scales of latitude and longitude scales for a recatngualr projection printed in the map borders; chequered at 5 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. Printed upper left:- Longit. West from London. Reading form the scales the:- longitde, Winchester = 1d 13.4m W approx suggesting a prime meridian several minutes west of Greenwich, perhaps at St Paul's? The 51d N parallel and 1d W meridian are drawn across the map; a minimalist graticule.
table of symbols	The map has:- Remarks Winchester is a City Borough Towns with the No. of Membrs. they send to Parliament by Stars ... [circle, buildings, tower, stars] Market Town ... [circle, buildings, tower] Rectories and Villages ... [circle and cross] Places where Fairs are kept have a Line under the Name thus ... [Lyss underlined]
sea area sea plain sandbanks	The sea is plain, with some areas labelled, eg:- Spithead Haling Bay Southampton Water or Trissanton Bay Sandbanks are indicated by a dotted outline, but none labelled.
coast line coast shaded headlands	The coastline is shaded, this shading extended into harbours and estuaries. A headland is labelled:- Hengistbury Head
coastal defence castles fortifications	Some of the coastal defence castles are noticed:- Hurst Cast. Calshot Cast. Southsea Cast. The last, only, has a circle and flag symbol. The town of Portsmouth has a wide circle drawn around it and although this does not look like polygonal artillery fortifications, that is probably what it is meant to represent.
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn by a double or single wiggly line, tapering inland. The major rivers of the county are shown, with braiding and tributaries. Some are labelled, eg:- Itchen R. Avon R. Tees R. Some ponds are drawn, and might be labelled, eg:- Fleet Pond or not, for example Alresford Pond. Bridges are implied by roads crossing rivers, and perhaps being named, For example:- Knights Bridge Eversley Bri. London Bridge Road exits on the northern borders of the county.
relief hillocks	Relief is suggested by little hillocks, shaded to the east, perhaps in groups. A few are named, eg:- Black Hill [N border near Whitsbury] Some of the groups of hillocks are in rows, with a ridge road on top, for example from Colemore to Petersfield. A down might be labelled, without a hill symbols, eg:- Basingstoke Down
beacons	A hamlet or house symbol is labelled:- Popham Beacon
woods forests vegetation	Woodland areas are shown by groups of trees, perhaps labelled:- New Forest East Bere Forest Chute Forest Or there might be a label without any tree symbols, eg:- Harewood Forest Other woods and forests are not noticed. Dots are used to suggest undergrowth. A couple of commons or heaths are noticed, for example:- Havant Chace Aldershot Common
parks	Parks are drawn by an outline with fence palings. This might contain trees and perhaps a house shown by a circle and flag symbol. The park or house might be labelled, eg:- Headley Park Hackwood Park which has all those elements.
county	The county boundary is a dashed line. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- WILTSHIRE DORSET SH. and their boundaries drawn for a short distance from the Hampshire border. The detached part of Hampshire in West Sussex is not included. Very little is shown outside the county for continuity; Downton, Lopcombe Corner, Farnham, ...
settlements fairs streets	Settlements are positioned by a circle, with added elements and style of text to indicate size.
city	The only city, labelled in upright block caps:- WINCHESTER has a circle outline containg a rudimentary street plan, I think. It has two stars for members of Parliament.

town	circle, buildings, tower, plus stars if it is a borough returning members to Parliament; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Andover Odiham Underlined if it has a fair, eg:- Alton An exception is labelled in italic block caps:- SOUTHAMPTON
village	circle and cross; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Upper Wallop Meon Stoke The cross might be at any angle to the circle; Up Wallop has it upright, Meonstoke has it at 4o'clock. If the place has a fair its name is underlined, eg:- Weyhill
hamlet	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Merdon Barcley Kings
house	A house might be shown by a circle and flag, eg:- Marwell and might be within a park, as at Headley Park.
fairs	The following towns or villages have fairs:- Alton Appleshaw Barton Tracey Beaulieu Broughton Chilton Candover East Meon Emsworth Eversley Fordingbridge Hartley Maudit Heckfield Liphook Mattingley Sutton Scotney Tangley Weyhill Wickham
electoral data	The following towns are boroughs, sending members to Parliament:- Andover 2 Christchurch 2 Lymington 2 Petersfield 2 Portsmouth 2 Southampton 2 Stockbridge 2 Whitchurch 2 Winchester 2
miscellaneous
antiquities roman roads roman towns	A network of roads is drawn over the county using double lines. These might be continuous or dotted, presumably for fenced or unfenced roads. Main roads are not distinguished. Most of the Ogilby routes are shown, but not completely; there are other main routes as well. Destinations outwith the county are labelled, eg:- to London From Salisbury From Pool At least one road junction is named (in Wiltshire):- Labcomb Corner Some roman roads are labelled:- Port Way Roman Way [Salisbury-Winchester] Ikenield Way Silchester roman town is drawn with a circle, outer ring, and hachuring, labelled in lowercase italic text:- Silchester
antiquities tumuli	A tumulus is labelled:- Canuts Barrow east of Upper Wallop. Just there to fill space?
	top of page

MAP FEATURES	- ENGLAND & WALES map
	Remember that these notes are concerned with Hampshire and ignore much of the map contents.
title cartouche scenic cartouche map maker	Printed upper right is a title text set in landscape with a grove of trees, a post chaise to the right, a milestone:- IX From London to the right. The title is:- A New most Accurate & Complete MAP of all the Direct, and Principal Cross ROADS, in ENGLAND and WALES, Carefully corrected from Late Surveys: with the Distances by the Mile Stones, and other most exact Admensurations between Town and Town. The maps shows England Wales; plus parts of Scotland, Ireland and France in outline, with a few border or coastal places. No where on the map is any note of the map maker's or engraver's names. The style of the map is late 18th century.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed lower left is a simple compass rose; star points for the cardinal directions, lines for the half cardinal directions, North marked by a fleur de lys. The map is printed with North at the top.
scale	The map has no indication of scale. It is possible to estimate a scale form the size of the map, positions of towns, etc. The map distance from London to Bristol is 91 mm for 174.1 Km, giving a scale roughly:- 1 to 1900000 30 miles to 1 inch
table of symbols road distances	Printed upper right under the title is:- Remarks Cities in New Print as London, 'new' appears to mean upright rather than italic, and:- The Distances on the Roads in Measur'd Miles, between Town and Town as under. [diagram of a part road with places and distance figures] The figures added together shew the Distances from London to Wicomb 29 Miles, or from London to Amersham 26 Miles.
sea area sea plain	The sea is plain; some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Spithead
coast line coast shaded	The coast line is shaded for emphasis.
rivers	Except for the larger river estuaries:- Severn R. Thames River big enough to be labelled, rivers are not shown on the map. By Hampshire 'Spithead' rather than a river name is given.
relief	No relief is shown on the map.
country	England and Wales are not separated by anything except the county boundaries, and are not labelled. The scottish border is a dashed line. Neighbouring countries are labelled, eg:- SCOTLAND FRANCE
county table of counties	County boundaries are dotted lines. The county areas are labelled with a number, keying to a table, numbering from the north:- REFERENCES TO THE COUNTIES 1 Northumberland 2 Cumberland 3 Durham ... 51 Hampshire ... in a scroll cartouche.
settlements	Settlements are positioned by a circle, differentiated by added elements and labelling style.
city	circle and tower(s); labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Winchester

town village	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Andover Harndon
	The towns included in Hampshire are:- Alton Andover Basingstoke Waltham [Bishops Waltham] Christchurch Fareham Fording Br. [Fordingbridge] Gosport Havant Kingsclear [Kingsclere] Lymington Alresford [New Alresford] Petersfield Portsmouth Ringwood Rumsey [Romsey] Southampton Stockbridge Whitchurch Winchester There are other places as well, necessary as nodes in the road network.
roads road distances	The map has a network of roads drawn by a double line. At this scale only major routes are shown. Most of the 'Ogilby' routes are shown, missing: a segment of Ogilby 51 between Alresford and Southampton, and the end segment of Ogilby 30 to Portsmouth. There are extra routes: Winchester through Stockbridge to Salisbury; Blackwater through Swallowfield to Kingsclere; and Winchester through Cosham to Chichester. Road distances are marked in figures beside the road between towns (or villages). Whole miles or half and quarters are given, eg:- 12 8 3/4 The stretch of road from Andover through Lopcomb Corner to Salisbury is labelled:- The Hull
Route diagram:-
	top of page

IDENTIFICATION	of the ENGLAND & WALES MAP
	The map is like the map by Kitchin published volume 2 of:-
	England Illustrated, Or, A Compendium Of The Natural History, Geography, Topography, And Antiquities Ecclesiastical and Civil, Of England and Wales. With Maps pf othe several Counties, ... Printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall. MDCCLXIV.
	Which Dodsley announced late 1763. In that atlas the frontispiece to volume 2 has the title:-
	KITCHIN'S most ACCURATE MAP of the ROADS of ENGLAND and WALES, with the Distances by the Mile-Stones, and other most exact Admensurations between Town & Town.
	in a scroll cartouche decorated with trees, and a harbour with a ship to the left, and ?turnips, sack, flail, and wheatsheaf below. Printed at the top is:-
	Frontispiece Vol.II.
	and at the bottom:-
	Printed for R. and I. Dodsley in Pall-Mall.
	This England and Wales map is related to a county map in the Map Collection:-
	The example road in the explanation below the title, and the cartouche of county names and numbers, are identical to the item in the Map Collection. The title cartouche is completely re-engraved though with some of the same wording. As far as comparison at a distance is reliable the details for Hampshire on the two maps are the same. It is believed that the item in the Map Collection is a later state of the Kitchin 1763 England and Wales map.
	Notes about the Dodsley map, 1763-64, are taken from an example in Ross Old Books and Maps, with thanks.
	The map has been seen in another map shop ascribed to Walpoole, 1794, presumably the 1794 edition of The New and Complete English Traveller, published by Alexander Hogg, earlier published as the New British Traveller, 1784.
	top of page

PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	The map of Hampshire was published in 'England Illustrated, Or, A Compendium Of The Natural History, Geography, Topography, And Antiquities Ecclesiastical and Civil, Of England and Wales. With Maps of the several Counties, And Engravings of many Remains of Antiquity, remarkable Buildings, and principal Towns. In Two Volumes. Vol.I. London: Printed for R. and J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall, MDCCLXIV.' ie 1764, but released 1763.
	The descriptive texts for the counties include views of castles, abbeys, etc; the atlas has a map of England and Wales and the roads 'with the distances by the Mile-Stones'; its size is 8 1/2 x 11 1/4 ins.
	The whole work was reviewed in The Monthly Review or Literary Journal, 1764 - 'The author of the work before us, does not profess to accumulate new materials, but only to raise the best structure he can with the old; and as the accounts hitherto published of England and Wales, are thrown together, he says, with unaccountable disorder and confusion, he has undertaken to regulate this chaos ... the maps, (which are executed with a good share of elegance and neatness) in their proper places ... In the introduction, page 1, we are informed ... that ... the first meridian has been generally supposed to pass [through Tenerife]. But notwithstanding this method of computation ... in all the maps the longitude is (more properly) expressed east and west from London: and in Vol.II. page 3, it is expressly stated, that London 'is the meridian from which all British Geographers compute the measures of longitude.' ...
	Published in 'Kitchin's English Atlas; Or, A Compleat Set of Maps Of All The Counties of England and Wales, Containing all the Cities, Towns, Parishes, Rivers, Roads, Seats, and, in General, every other Particular that is usually sought for, or to be found, in Maps. The Whole engraved in the neatest and most accurate Manner, from Drawings after actual Surveys and other the best Authorities. By Thomas Kitchin, Geographer to his Royal Highness the Duke of York. London. Printed for J. Dodsley, in Pall-Mall,' 1765.
	the Hampshire map is unchanged.
	top of page

REFERENCES
	: 1763 (1764): England Illustrated & Compendium of the Natural History, Geography, Topography, and Antiquities Ecclesiastical and Civil, of England and Wales: Dodsley, R and J (London)
	Kitchin, Thomas: 1765: Kitchin's English Atlas: Dodsley, J (London)
	: 1764: Monthly Review & Literary Journal: 30: pp.262-66
also see:-
	related map group -- Bowles 1763
	top of page

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA1988.7 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1997.115 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.128 -- descriptive text
	HMCMS:FA1999.128.1 -- map
	top of page

	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources