notes Kitchin 1769

	Research Notes Map Group KITCHIN 1769

Kitchin 1769
	Map, Hamp Shire ie Hampshire, scale about 7 miles to 1 inch, in Kitchin's Pocket Atlas, by Thomas Kitchin, Holborn, London, 1769.
	The map studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA2000.42
	The map size is: wxh, sheet = 23x28cm; wxh, plate = 215x240mm; wxh, map = 207x232mm.
	MAP FEATURES
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title	The map has no title or indication of map maker, engraver, or publisher.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed lower right is a plain compass rose; star points for the cardinal directions, lines for the half cardinal, North marked by a fleur de lys, east by a cross. The map is printed with North at the top of the page.
scale line scale	Printed lower left is a scale line; chequered at 1 and 6 miles intervals labelled to match 2, 6, 12. The 12 miles = 42.6 mm gives a scale 1 to 453336. The map scale is about:- 1 to 450000 7 miles to 1 inch What miles are used has not been checked.
lat and long scales lat and long grid	The map's borders have scales for latitude and longitude; chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The top longitude scale is labelled:- Longit. W. from London. The 1d meridian and the 51d parallel are drawn by straight lines across the map, interrupted so as not to confuse other stuff. The map includes 0d 39m to 1d 55m W, 50d 38m to 51d 25m N; the county of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. The longitude of Winchester is about 1d 18m W suggesting a prime meridian at Greenwich.
	Calculations from the measured positions of the scale marks show that the graticule is probably trapezoid. The map is rotated slightly, the central meridian is about 0.3d W of N; the parallels are horizontal. The ratio of top/bottom longitude scales is 1.013.
	The left side meridian, about 51d 24m W, is vertical on the page; other meridians slope in towards it ie West of North. The parallels are horizontal on the page.
	The ratio of lat/long scales, 1.58, is right for Hampshire, 51 degrees N, within errors.
table of symbols	Printed upper left are:- Remarks Winchester is a City. Southampton is the County Town. [circle, towers, stars attached] Borough Town with the No. of Members they send to Parliamt. by Stars. [circle, towers] Market Towns. [circle] Villages &c. [circle, flag] Castles. [ring of fence palings] Parks. N.B. the Figures to the Towns shew their distance from London.
sea area sea plain sandbanks buoys	The sea is plain. Some ares are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Stokes Bay Southampton Water or Trisanton Bay Foreshore shallows and sandbanks are shown by a dotted outline and some are labelled, eg:- Christ Church Ledge which could be The Shingles. Also:- Bramble Dry Middle Two buoys are drawn as conical shapes, named:- Horse Buoy Dean Buoy
coast line coast shaded headlands harbours	The coast line is emphasised by shading, which extends into harbours and estuaries. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Hd. Spit Head The bigger harbours can be recognised, but they are not labelled.
coastal defence castles	Having declared a symbol for castles in the table of symbols, circle and flag, the coastal defence castles are marked byu a circle alone, labelled:- Hurst Cas. Calshot Cas. Southsea Cast.
rivers ponds bridges	Rivers are drawn by a bold wiggly line tapering inland. Braiding might be indicated, for example south of Stockbridge. All the major river systems seems to be drawn quite well, with tributaries, but ?none are labelled. Some ponds are drawn, for example at Woolmer, with shading. Bridges are suggested only by a road crossing and interrupting a river.
relief hillocks	Relief is suggested by groups of hillock symbols, shaded to the east. Although these are in groups it is not easy to follow what is being plotted. None seem to be labelled.
beacons	The only beacon suggested is by a label:- Popham Beacon attached to a circle symbol for a village by the road between Popham and Bullington.
woods forests	Except for some parks which might have a trees within the palings, only a couple of forests are indicated, by little tree symbols, labelled:- East Bere Forest / Havant Chace New Forest
parks	A few parks are shown by a ring of fence palings, which might enclose a tree or two, and might be labelled, eg:- Hackwood Park
county	The county boundary is a dotted line. H A M P S H I R E is written across the map's area. Adjoining counties are divided by dotted line and labelled, eg:- WILT SH. The detached part of Hampshire in West Sussex is not shown. A few places outwith the county are included to provide continuity of road routes, eg Farnham, etc.
settlements electoral data distances from London	The two large towns. Winchester and Southampton, are drawn by groups of blocks on streets making tiny street maps. Other settlements are located by a circle, differentiated by added elements, and by the lettering style of their label.
city	group of blocks making a street plan; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER Southampton is also shown in street plan style, but labelled in italic block caps. Both these places have two stars for members sent to Parliament.
town	circle, two minimalist towers; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Petersfield 56 Overton 53 The number is the distance of the town from London. Boroughs have stars for members sent to Parliament.
village hamlet	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Greatley Bramley

roads	A network of roads is drawn by double lines. Roads are not differentiated for size, nor for fenced and open roads. Roads might be continued out of the county to a town etc, thus to Salisbury, Amesbury, Farnham, Midhurst, and Chichester. Or the road's destination might be given, eg:- to London From Pool Most of the old 'Ogilby' routes are represented, but no longer by simple lines of route. (route 83 is not included.)
miscellaneous
antiquities roman towns	Silchester, where there are the remains of a roman town, is specially marked with its circle surrounded by a ring of ?hachures.
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PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	Published in 'Kitchin's Pocket Atlas, of the Counties of South Britain or England and Wales, Drawn to One Scale. By which the true proportion they severally bear to each other may be easily ascertained, with the Measured Distances from London by the nearest Roads annexed, to all the Cities, Borough & Market Towns in the Kingdom. Being the first Set of Counties, ever Published on this Plan, 1769. London Printed for the Author, T. Kitchin Engraver, Map & Printseller, No.59, Holborn Hill; & J. Gapper, Map & Printseller, No.56, New Bond Street.' 1769.
	The atlas has a title page and 47 plates of county maps, sometimes two to a page; Hampshire is alone, the map has no imprint it is like Kitchin 1764 but smaller scale; the atlas size is 12 x 9 ins.
	Kitchin's idea of having all the maps at one scale was new and experimental, some maps came two to a sheet, some needed a larger sheet, folded; Hampshire is on one sheet; county boundaries had to be fudged to fit.
	Published in 'Bowles's Pocket Atlas of the Counties of South Britain or England and Wales ... being the only Set of Counties, ever Published on this Plan, London. Printed for & Sold by the proprietor Carington Bowles, No.69 in St. Paul's Church Yard.' about 1778.
	The map is little changed but has a new title and has a plate number top right.
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REFERENCES
reference:-	Kitchin, Thomas: 1769: Kitchin's Pocket Atlas: Kitchin, Thomas & Gapper, J (London)
	: 1778 (?): Bowles's Pocket Atlas: Bowles, Carington (London)
also see:-
	related map group -- Bowles 1785

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA2000.42 -- map
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