Research Notes


Map Group MILNE 1791
Milne 1791
Map, Hampshire, scale about 1 inch to 1 mile, surveyed by Thomas Milne, published by William Faden, Charing Cross, London, 1791.
Published as a six sheet map at about 1 inch to 1 mile. The map has insert town plans; Southampton, scale about 1 to 7464, Winchester, scale about 1 to 7478, and vignettes.
These notes are made from the copy of Milne's map in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museum Service, item HMCMS:FA1998.124. The map is sectioned for folding, mounted, folded and kept in a slip case. This makes the use of the map much easier; but it makes detail measurement of the map or scanned images very difficult.
These notes concern Hampshire; the Isle of Wight is not studied in detail.
MAP FEATURES - title, inset maps, vignettes, orientation, scale, lat and long, table of symbols.
MAP FEATURES - sea, depth soundings, sandbanks, buoys and sea marks, coast, coastal defence, castles, fortifications, rivers, ponds, ferries, bridges, relief, beacons
MAP FEATURES - woods, trees, forests, parks
MAP FEATURES - county, hundreds, settlements, roads, distances from London, milestones, turnpikes, direction posts.
MAP FEATURES - canals.
MAP FEATURES - miscellaneous
PUBLISHING HISTORY
ITEMS in the Collection
  top of page
MAP FEATURES - title, inset maps, vignettes, orientation, scale, lat and long, table of symbols.
title    
map maker    
publisher    
Printed on the right is:-
image snip from map
HAMPSHIRE, or the County of Southampton, including the ISLE OF WIGHT. Surveyed by Thos. Milne in the Years 1788, 89 & 90, executed and Published by the Proprietor W. FADEN, Geographer to His MAJESTY, Charing Cross Decr. 20th. 1791.
inset map    
Printed upper left is an inset map:-
image snip from map
PLAN of the CITY of WINCHESTER by Thos. Milne Surveyor 1791.
Printed lower left is an inset map:-
PLAN of the TOWN of SOUTHAMPTON 1791
These are not studied in any detail here.

vignettes    
Printed lower right is a vignette scene:-
VIEW of the WEST GATE, WINCHESTER.
S. H. Grimm delint. 1776.
orientation    
compass rose    
up is N    
magnetic variation    
image snip from map
Variation 28[d]. 30 Anno 1787.
Printed lower right is a compass rose, no circle, star points for cardinal and half cardinal directions, lines for the false points, all extended across the sea area of The Solent. North is marked by the Prince of Wales's feathers and a coronet, with motto:-
ICH DIEN
Magnetic variation is marked W from North, labelled:-

lat and long scales    
image snip from map
Scales of latitude and longitude are printed in the map borders.
The top border is chequered in minutes, labelled at 3 minute intervals, running from 0d 41m to 1d 56m W. The scale is labelled:-
Longitude West from Greenwich Royal Observatory. Graduated in the proportion of 38218 fathoms to a degree of Longitude.
The bottom border is chequered in minutes, labelled at 3 minutes intervals with the time difference from Greenwich, running to VII minutes 44 seconds after Greenwich, which corresponds to 1d 56m W. The scale is labelled:-
Minutes of time West from the Royal Observatory at Greenwich Graduated to the proportion of 38900 fathoms to a degree of Longitude.
The present day accepted figure for 1 degree of longitude at 50d 35m N is 38729 fathoms, at 51d 25m N it is 38042 fathoms; ratio south/north = 1.018. Milne's figures might be based on the assumption of a spherical Earth; today's figures are for an oblate spheroid.
As the map is sectioned it is only possible to measure small parts of the two scales accurately. The lengths of 8 minutes longitude on the top scale is 1744 pixels, on the bottom scale 1749 pixels. These are equal within errors of measurement; 0.3 percent different. The declared scales are how the user must interpret degrees, they are not the scales that are used to draw the scale markings. The scales drawn would make a rectangular latitude and longitude grid, not a trapezoid grid, if the grid were drawn. The ratio of the declared scales is 1.018 which is correct for a trapezoid grid. These conclusions are uncertain.
The latitude scales run from 50d 35m to 51d 25m N on both sides; it is assumed the parallels would be drawn straight across the page. The one parallel that is drawn is straight. Measuring a section gives 7 minutes latitude = 204.3mm giving a scale 1 to 63569. The ratio of long/lat scales is 1.27 which is correct for the latitude of Hampshire; distances E-W are the same scale as distances N-S.

Although a latitude and longitude grid is not drawn, there is one meridian drawn, labelled:-
Meridian of Portsmouth Royal Academy Longe. 1[d] 6[m] 15[s] West from Greenwich
and the corresponding parallel is drawn, labelled:-
Parallel of Portsmouth Royal Academy Lat. 50[d] 48[m]

The
REMARKS.
below the inset map have:-
The Scale of Latitude is graduated to the proportion of 60,859 Fathoms or 69 Miles 1 Furlong 29 Fathoms to a Degree; as found by the recent Trigonometrical Operations performed by General Roy.
The following observations by which the Latitude and Longitude of PORTSMOUTH is fixed, were made by Mr. William Bayley, Master of the Academy at that Place who kindly communicated them to the Publisher.
Latitude of the Royal Academy at Portsmouth ... 1[d] 6[m] 15[s] West from Greenwich.
Longitude of ... Do. ... ... ... at ... Do. ... 50[d] 48[m] 00[s] North.
scale line    
scale    
There are two scale lines printed on the right A;-
image snip from map
SCALE of Six English MILES
chequered and labelled at 1 mile intervals, plus a mile leftwards chequered in furlongs, labelled at 4 and 8 furlongs. The 6+1 miles = 175.1mm gives a scale 1 to 64337. The map scale is about:-
1 to 64000
1 mile to 1 inch
The other scale is a:-
Scale of Six Thousand Fathoms
chequered and labelled at 1000 fathoms, plus a leftward scale of 1000 fathoms chequered at 100 fathoms, labelled at 500 and 1000 fathoms. The 7000 fathoms = 204.3mm gives a scale 1 to 63569.
An estimate of scale can be made from town positions, comparing known town-town distances, using DISTAB.exe. The map scale is about:-
1 to 63000
1 inch to 1 mile

index grid    
This map has no index grid. We laid the national grid coordinate system over the map using some elementary arithmetic based on the positions of towns, aided by software for the calculations. This allowed some crude indexing, see the presentation in:-
Old Hampshire Mapped

Our calculations give the grid references of the maps corners as:-
bottom left SZ061714
top left SU010636
top right SU893684
bottom right SZ944762
This could be useful as an indexing tool and the map's coverage could be shown in a GIS system.

table of symbols    
Printed upper left, right of the inset plan of Winchester is:-
EXPLANATION
Boundary line of the County [dot dash line]
Perambulation line of the Forests [dashed line]
Division lines of the Hundreds [dotted line]
Turnpike Roads [double line, medium and bold, solid or dotted]
Enclosed Roads [double line, dashed]
Open Roads [double line, dashed]
Market Towns, in Capitals, as ... BASINGSTOKE [upright block caps]
Parishes in Roman Print, as ... Overton [upright lowercase text]
Villages, Farm Houses, &c, in Italics, as ... Freefold [italic lowercase text]
Windmills [tower mill symbol] Watermills [rayed circle symbol]
Further remarks about distances on roads, sea marks etc, latitude and longitude, and forests are printed below the inset map. These are noticed under the relevant headings.

  top of page
MAP FEATURES - Sea, depth soundings, sandbanks, buoys and sea marks, coast, coastal defence, castles, fortifications, rivers, bridges, relief.
By this date there were excellent charts of the sea area around Hampshire available for reference. For example the surveys made by Lt Murdoch McKenzie in the 1780s; though it is not known whether these were all accessible to a civilian map maker. Such charts are the likely source of the detailed navigation data plotted on Thomas Milne's map, perhaps added by William Faden in the preparation and publishing stage.
The
REMARKS.
below the inset map of Winchester state:-
The Soundings, Leading Marks, &c. for Sailing round the ISLE of WIGHT are laid down from the most approved CHARTS extant.
sea area    
sea plain    
depth soundings    
sandbanks    
buoys    
sea marks    
wrecks    
The sea is plain. Some sea areas are labelled, but not the English Channel or Solent! Eg:-
CHRIST CHURCH BAY
HAYLING BAY
Depth soundings are marked for the Needles Channel, The Solent, and its eastern approaches. These are presumable in fathoms and are occasionally given to a 1/2 or 1/4 fathom, eg:-
image snip from map
5 1/2
The soundings are not continued into harbours or estuaries.
Sandbanks are shown by pecked areas, darker at their edges. Besides the foreshore areas some shallows in the sea areas are marked and labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
THE BRAMBLE / Dry at Low Water
THE SHINGLES
MIDDLE
SPIT BANK
THE HORSE / Loose shifting Sand / THE DEAN
There is an unlabelled sandbank off Stokes Bay.

Quite a number of the buoys marking some of these hazards are circle and cone, labelled with a name and colour. For example, the series around the Horse and Dean Sands are:-
Horse Buoy / Black
image snip from map
Elbow Buoy / Black
Third Buoy / Black
Fourth Buoy / Black
Outer Buoy / Black
The last three being labelled the:-
DEAN BUOYS
At the entrance to the Lymington River there is a drawing of a post and basket, perhaps a cresset? labelled:-
image snip from map
Jack in the Basket
which remains a sea mark with this name to this day.

On Hurst Spit there is:-
image snip from map
Light Ho.
There is at least one leading line marked by a double line, labelled:-
Fort Monckton and Kickergill in one
marking the south western edge of the eastern approach channel towards Portsmouth Harbour. The rhumb lines from the compass rose are other leading lines.
The:-
image snip from map
Wreck of the Royal George
is marked. This ship was launched 1756, the flagship of Admiral Kempenfelt; it sank in 1782.

coast line    
coast form lines    
coast appearance    
headlands    
harbours    
image snip from map
The coast is emphasised by form lines which are engraved for some distance from the shore line. They are continued into river estuaries and harbours. Their engraving is a delight to the eye, especially where the coast shape is at all complicated, for example around Hurst Spit. The pattern of form lines is used to show channels inside harbours; examples in Langstone Harbour.

There is some attempt to depict the appearance of the coast line from the sea. For example low cliffs are drawn along the shore from Allom Chine to Hengistbury, and in Christchurch Bay. And at Stubbington:-
image snip from map
Near Sowley the coast is low hills shown by hachures:-
image snip from map
A number of coastal details are labelled, but not all the main headlands and points. Eg:-
image snip from map
Woolston Point
Hengistbury or Christchurch Head
Needsore Point

Islands, estuaries etc all show up well at this large scale. Some harbours are explicitly labelled, eg:-
PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR
Titchfield Haven
at Hill Head, and:-
Dock Yard
at Bursledon. Southampton Water is labelled:-
SOUTHAMPTON RIVER
Islands in the great harbour are labelled, eg:-
Pewit I.
Whale Isl.
and channels are labelled in Langstone Harbour, eg:-
EMSWORTH CHANNEL
coastal defence    
castles    
fortifications    
Coastal defence castles are drawn, perhaps a castle with a flag. Fortifications are drawn by angular walls. Eg:-
image snip from map
HURST CASTLE
Calshot Castle
Netley Castle
Redoubt
south of Alverstoke, west of:-
FORT MONCKTON / formerly Gillkicker
Block H.
on the west side of the entrance to Portsmouth Harbour. There are fortifications drawn around Gosport; and the:-
Magazine
is drawn and labelled at Priddy's Hard. Haslar Hospital is drawn. Portsmouth town and the dock yards have fortifications around them:-
image snip from map
Hilsea Barracks are shown, and the Gunners Ho. nearby. And the defences continue with:-
Southsea Cas.
Lumps F.
Cumberland Fort
East Stoke F
The last on Hayling Island at the entrance to Langstone Harbour. Fortifications are drawn along the north shore of Portsea Island, labelled:-
The Lines
rivers    
ponds    
ferries    
bridges    
Rivers are drawn by a wiggly line, broad with form lines at the estuary, then narrower with a form line or two, tapering to a thinner wiggly line. In many instances the river valley is shown by hachuring. Some rivers are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Pillhill Brook
River Ex or Beaulieu River
ITCHEN RIVER
Langshard Ditch
In this there is some scope for discovering interesting river names, the River Ex, above, for one example. The naming of steams does not always match today's practice. The Test, labelled in the south with this and with alternative name Anton, is shown as Test continuing up to Hurstbourne, labelling the tributary now called the Bourne Rivulet, while its main branch to the east is called the Anton. The name Anton is also, correctly in today's terms, used for the tributary through Andover. In at least one instance the valley name is labelled, rather than the river, eg:-
Woodford Bottom
NE from Ellingham in the New Forest.

Ponds are drawn in outline filled with horizontal ripply lines, and might be labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Marlbrook Pond
Cranmer Pond
Woolmer Pond
on Woolmer Forest's 'Great Peat Moor'. And:-
Alresford Pond
etc.

Ferries are labelled at some places, eg:-
image snip from map
Ferry
at Hambledon, and at Cracknor Hard by Marchwood opposite Southampton,
Hythe Ferry
Itchen Ferry
Bursledon Ferry

ENE of Denny Lodge there is:-
image snip from map
Potters Ford

Bridges are clearly suggested by the road crossing a river. In some cases the bridge is named, eg:-
image snip from map
Cadnam Br.
Knightsbridge
Princes Br.
the last a mile south of Liss. Over the Langshard Ditch by North Charford is:-
Foot Bridge
relief    
hill hachuring    
Relief is indicated by hill hachuring. It shows river drainage patterns very well. Some hills are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Turff Hills
HOUNDS DOWN HILL
MORESTEAD DOWN
FROXFIELD HANGERS
BEACON HILL
the last by Exton.
BASINGSTOKE DOWN / Enclosed 1787
is a rare comment.

beacons    
Beacons are no longer an important feature of the defence system in the late 18th century; but they can still be traced on the maps of the period.
image snip from map
BEACON HILL
At Farley Chamberlayne; but beware, the structure on the hill is a monument, not a represenation of a beacon. There are also:-
Popham Beacons
labels the tumuli at this site.
Beacon Hill
and a 'camp' at Burghclere.
BEACON HILL
is labelled north of Exton.
Beacon Hill
by Dibden. There may be others.

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MAP FEATURES - woods, forests, trees, parks.
woods    
trees    
Wooded areas are shown by tiny tree symbols, various sizes and shapes, with shadows and ?undergrowth. Many groups are labelled, eg:-
image snip from map
Doles Wood
JOANS ACRE
BLACKHOUSE WOOD
east of Kilmeston.
FARLEY WOOD
is enclosed by a fence line and is crisscrossed with forest rides.
Woolfhanger Wood
by West Tisted is partly enclosed and partly open.
Holbourn Hay Copps
Warren Copes
coppices south west of Priors Dean.
Notice details like:-
Clump of Trees
in the fork of the road level with Clanfield, and another just north of Catherington. and:-
Clump of Firs
on Idsworth Down. And the New Forest has many inclosures labelled, eg:-
Black Bush Enclor.
Etherise Enclosure
The map is a promising source of names.
Individual trees might be drawn, a little larger, and named, eg:-
Peartree
by Southampton. A:-
Thorn Tree
is marked and labelled near a milestone LXXII on the road towards Salisbury, before Lopcombe Corner, and nearer the corner, just outwith Hampshire by 'Lopton Corner' is:-
Lopton Thorn Tree
Labelled by the road about 2 miles NE of Petersfield is:-
White Thorn
Two trees, a mile or so west of Bramshaw, and just north of that place are labelled:-
image snip from map
Bound Oak
on the Wiltshire Hampshire county boundary.

woods    
forests    
Some of the old forests are noticed, eg:-
PAMBER FOREST
ALICEHOLT FOREST
Not all the forests are labelled. The:-
REMARKS.
below the inset map have:-
FORESTS.
The NEW FOREST, the FORESTS of ALICEHOLT and WOOLMER, and the KINGS LANDS in BERE FOREST; are laid down in this Map by permission of Sir Charles Middleton Bart. Sir John Call Bart. and John Fordyce Esqr. COMMISSIONERS of the LAND REVENUE, from the Surveys of those Forests made by their direction under the Authority of Parliament.
COLOURING.
The Boundary or Perambulation Line of the New Forest, and of Aliceholt and Woolmer, is Coloured ... Dark Purple
The Forest Lands ... ... Light Purple
Private Property ... ... Yellow ...
Printed on the left is:-
A TABLE of the Several BAILIWICKS and WALKS in the NEW FOREST
The areas are in acres roods perches.
               
BAILIWICKS   Master-keepers   WALKS   Inclosed Lands held with the Lodges   Forest Lands
                 
BURLEY   Harry Duke of Bolton   Burley & Holmesley   473 .. 3 .. 38   9480 .. 0 .. 24
FRITHAM   John Richd. Earl of Delawarr   Bolderwood   183 .. 3 .. 32   5291 .. 3 .. 1
        Eyeworth   1 .. 1 .. 30   1936 .. 0 .. 20
GODSHILL   Charles Lord Cadogan   Ashley   14 .. 3 .. 32   4112 .. 1 .. 30
LINWOOD   Peter Bathurst Esqr.   Broomey   20 .. 3 .. 7   6132 .. 3 .. 22
BATTRAMSLY   Nathl. Heywood Esqr.   Wilverley   32 .. 1 .. 11   2875 .. 2 .. 33
        Rhinefield   94 .. 1 .. 21   6697 .. 3 .. 3
SOUTH BAILIWICK   Edwd. Morant Esqr.   Lady Cross   72 .. 3 .. 18   5802 .. 3 .. 8
        Whitley Ridge   46 .. 1 .. 30   2142 .. 1 .. 0
EAST BAILIWICK & the NODES   Dodington Egerton Esqr.   Denny Walk & the Nodes   57 .. 1 .. 16   8053 .. 2 .. 6
        Ashurst   86 .. 0 .. 28   2586 .. 2 .. 13
INN BAILIWICK   His R.H. Prince Wm. Frederick   Ironshill   76 .. 1 .. 39   3651 .. 0 .. 5
NORT BAILIWICK   Earl of Ilchester   Bramblehill   20 .. 2 .. 22   2068 .. 1 .. 34
        Castlemalwood   11 .. 0 .. 29   3022 .. 2 .. 3
                 
            1,192 .. 3 .. 33   63,845 .. 0 .. 2
                 
        Lodges and Lands held therewith       1,192 .. 3 .. 33
        Incroachments on the Forest       900 .. 3 .. 37
        Leaseholds under the Crown       1,003 .. 3 .. 34
        Freehold & Copyhold Lands, Purlieus & other intermediate Property       25,422 .. 1 .. 28
        TOTAL within the Perambulation       92,365 .. 1 .. 14

Printed on the right is table:-
No. 3
CONTENTS of ALICEHOLT & WOOLMER FORESTS.
         
Crown Lands in Aliceholt       2744 .. 3 .. 23
Do. ... in Woolmer       5949 .. 2 .. 8
Private Property in both       6798 .. 2 .. 15
Total within the Perambulation       15493 .. 0 .. 6

parks    
image snip from map
PAULTONS PARK
Parks are shown by an outline with fence palings, the area pecked and dotted with a few trees, and perhaps the great house. The outline is realistic, how accurate has not been judged. There might be river, lakes, hill hachuring, roads or rides, and other detail, and perhaps trees in avenues. The park might be labelled with its name and/or the name of the resident gentleman. Both are given in:-
BRAMSHILL PARK
Sir Richd. Cope Bart.
which has many topographic details.

The number of parks is more than the formally emparked areas licensed by the Crown in earlier times. Everybody has a park nowadays! Some do not show fence palings, but I am not convinced this is significant in judging the emparkment status. There are many other great. or perhaps less great, houses labelled with their resident gentleman's name, and perhaps the house's name, eg, with both:-
image snip from map
MOYLES COURT / Revd. C. Taylor
  top of page
MAP FEATURES - county, hundreds, settlements, roads, distances from London, milestones, turnpikes, direction posts.
county    
As declared in the table of symbols:-I
Boundary line of the County [dot dash line], with some boundary stones, eg:-
image snip from map
B.S.
The adjoining counties are labelled, eg:-
PART OF BERKSHIRE
and the boundary between two adjoining counties might be labelled, eg:-
Boundary Line of BERKS & SURREY
running parallel to the stream that is probably the boundary itself. There are two areas labelled:-
PART of WILTS
enclosed by Berkshire and Hampshire north of Heckfield.
The detached part of Hampshire in West Sussex is included, labelled to be:-
PART OF EASTMEON HD.
There is a tiny detached area of:-
Sussex
in Hampshire south of Liphook.
Places outside the county, and perhaps some topographic detail, is included on the map for the sake of continuity. Thus Farnham and the area is mapped, for example.

hundreds    
The table of symbols declares:-
Division lines of the Hundreds [dotted line]
image snip from map
The hundreds are labelled in big block caps, eg:-
THORN GATE HUND
REDBRIDGE HUNDRED
BISHOPS WALTHAM HUNDD
Detached parts are just labelled as the hundred, perhaps abbreviated in a smaller area, eg:-
BPS. WALT
PART OF N.FOREST
There are areas divided and labelled with names which require a more detailed knowledge of the 'system' eg:-
MANOR OF EXBURY
PORTSDOWN DIVISION
LIBERTY OF HAVANT
settlements    
street map    
The table of symbols declares:-
Market Towns, in Capitals, as ... BASINGSTOKE [upright block caps]
Parishes in Roman Print, as ... Overton [upright lowercase text]
Villages, Farm Houses, &c, in Italics, as ... Freefold [italic lowercase text]
Settlements are drawn by groups of blocks. No attempt has been made to see if the groupings have any relationship to the shape of the place being depicted, but it seems possible even in small villages. In towns the street plan is possibly fairly accurate, if incomplete, and gardens or yards are drawn in outline at the backs of the houses.

city     groups of blocks on street making a street map, unbuilt areas shown, the cathedral shown by a cross (plus sign), town walls drawn as a crenellated line; labelled in upright block caps, ie:-
image snip from map
WINCHESTER
town     groups of blocks along streets making a street map, roads out of town shown clearly, church is marked by a cross; labelled in upright block caps, eg:-
image snip from map
ROMSEY
ALTON
village     groups of scattered blocks on road and off, the church shown by a cross; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Greatley
Great Worldham
hamlet     a few scattered blocks; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Faccomb
Neatham
house     individual great, or less great, houses are drawn by a house symbol; labelled with house name in smaller upright lowercase text, and/or resident gentleman's name in italic lowercase text, eg:-
Rosehill
Ld. Rosehill
farm     Farms are shown by a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:-
image snip from map
Oaklets Farm
north east of Danebury.

roads    
road distances    
distances from London    
distances from start    
milestones    
turnpike roads    
direction posts    
The table of symbols declares:-
Turnpike Roads [double line, medium and bold, solid or dotted]
image snip from map
Enclosed Roads [double line, dashed]
Open Roads [double line, dashed]

The map is drawn with a network of roads. It is a slow and uncertain task to pick out the roads that seem to have been regarded as more important, generally the turnpiked roads. As stated these are marked with a bolder line one side, and most have milestones drawn by the road.
The milestone might be labelled with the distance from London, eg:-
XXXII
XXXIII
and so on down the road. The milestone just outside Hampshire on the London to Poole Road has a milestone labelled:-
XCVIII from Hyde Park Corner
The road is labelled:-
Great Road from Pool
These great roads are:-
London to Lands End; enter Hampshire at Blackwater, then Hartfordbridge, Basingstoke, Overton, Whitchurch, Andover, Middle Wallop, heading towards Salisbury and the west via Lopcombe Corner.
alternative part route; Basingstoke, Sutton Scotney, Stockbridge, Lopcombe Corner.
London to Poole; leaving Basingstoke, branch off at Popham Lane to Winchester, Romsey, Cadnam, Ringwood, and alternative routes via Wimborne or more directly to Poole.
London to Southampton; from Guildford and Farnham, Surrey then Alton, New Alresford, Winchester, to Southampton.
alternatively branching from the Lands End road west of Bagshot to Farnham, etc.
London to Portsmouth; coming in and out of Hampshire near Liphook, then Petersfield, Horndean, Cosham, to Portsmouth.
London to Fareham; branch off the Southampton road at Alton, to Filmore Hill, Wickham, then Fareham; from whence Gosport.
There are other turnpiked roads with milestones giving distances from one or other of the towns at the ends of the road segment. Eg:-
6
7
etc. On a few roads there are both sorts of distances, at different points on the road! Thus between Blackwater and Basingstoke there are the London milestones, but also the distances form Basingstoke labelled by dots by the road counting the other way.
image snip from map
has distances 14 and 2 and LXXXIX and a toll gate! near Picked Post in the New Forest.
The remarks below the inset map of Winchester state:-
The DISTANCES from one Town to another, are measured by the respective Roads, in Miles, Furlongs and Poles, and it is invariably to be observed that the Measurement begins at or opposite the middle of the Market or Town-House of one Town, and ends at or opposite the middle of the Market or Town-House of the next. ___ Those about WINCHESTER are to and from the New Market-House, twenty-one Poles East from the Cross.
These distances are written alongside the road, eg:-
From A. to P. 12.4.0
From B. Ferry to T. 4.0.37
The places referred to in these examples are Alton, Petersfield, Bursledon Ferry and Titchfield.
A nice comment is made with the distance from Winchester to Basingstoke:-
From WR. to B. 17.5.6 / The Mile betwixt LII and LIII is a Furlong too much.
This is written near the junction at Popham Lane. The next milestone on the Winchester road has label:-
LIII and one Furlong
At Wickham there is no market or town house and the map maker has written:-
The measure is to the Southeast Corner of the Town.
The total length of the road segment is given by the town at the far end; this can be confusing for towns at the ends of more than one segment. Wickham has both:-
12 0 22
13 2 10
besides being part way along a segment with mile distances from Fareham, and having distances from London on surrounding milestones.

Some of the turnpiked roads stop rather suddenly. 6 miles out of Basingstoke the turnpiking ends at Turgis Green. From Petersfield the road improvements, that it probably what they are, stops at Hambledon. That is not to say there is no continuing road.

Turnpikes are gates; the word has by now come to mean a road with turnpike gates. The gates are perhaps marked in places by a line across the road, but generally all there is is a label like:-
image snip from map
Ranvills Gate
2 miles south west of Romsey, and:-
Newrams Turnp:
Hartley Row Gate
Turnpike
perhaps with a building by the road.

Some finger posts are drawn, with one or two arms, labelled:-
image snip from map
Direction Post
and milestone LXXI four miles west of Stockbridge.

Roads at the county boundary may have there destination labelled, eg:-
From Salisbury
From Sarum
GREAT ROAD TO LONDON
From London
To London
and some roads are extended outwith the county to the next place, eg to Ludgershall, Farnham, or Chichester.

Not all the Ogilby routes are represented as main roads on the criteria chosen. But the Lands End (25,26), Barnstaple (32), Poole (53), Southampton (51), and Portsmouth (30) roads are still important; though the main Southampton road is now through Winchester. The branch from Midhurst (39) is not a turnpiked road, and the road across to Winchester from Petersfield through Bramdean is labelled:-
Bad Road

A few roads have names, eg:-
Ridge Lane
on Borden Hill west of Petersfield.
POPHAM LANE
And some junctions are labelled, as at:-
image snip from map
Three Legged Cross
south of Highclere Street, and the well known:-
Lopton Corner
Route diagram:-

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MAP FEATURES - canals.
canals    
Canals are drawn as a bold curvy line, labelled as:-
image snip from map
CANAL from BASINGSTOKE to the RIVER WEY
which follows the route with a tunnel at Greywell, but has a:-
Collateral Branch
to Stratfield Turgis, which was never dug.
The canal lock near Aldershot is marked by a double arrow, and a wharf is labelled a little to the west. There is a table of data:-

Printed on the right is table:-
No. 1
CANAL from BASINGSTOKE to the RIVER WEY.
               
        Fall   Length  
        Ft. Is. Ms. Fs.
From Basingstoke to the Lock at Dradbrook       0 0 22 0
... Dradbrook to the junction of the River Wey       195 0 15 6
Total       195 0 37 6
The Collateral Branch from Odiham to Turgis Green       0 0 6 0


The canal up the Test Valley is drawn, labelled:-
Canal
CANAL from REDBRIDGE to ANDOVER
NEW CANAL TO ANDOVER

CANAL from ANDOVER to REDBRIDGE.
Printed below the table of symbols is a table of data about the canal from Andover to Redbridge, down the Test Valley.
                 
      Length       Fall  
      ms. fs. chs.   Ft. Is.
                 
From Andover to Stockbridge     7 7 6 10 65 8
Stockbridge to Rumsey     9 3 8 60 61 4
Rumsey to Redbridge     5 1 4 63 49 9
Total     22 4 9 25 176 9
                 
Doing the addition and carefully following the carries etc it is possible to work out what the units of length are after 'chains'. The unit is a 1/108th of a chain, a 'link' of some sort: unless the sums were done wrong.

The Itchen navigation cuts are labelled as:-
BARGE RIVER
with some locks marked.

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MAP FEATURES - miscellaneous
miscellaneous    

Thomas Milne's map, at 1 inch to 1 mile, is too large to make detail notes about every feature! The following notes are of things that have taken the eye. It is very clear that the map has great potential as a source of place names and places in Hampshire and would repay a detailed 'gazetteer' exercise.
antiquities    
hillforts    
tumuli    
roman roads    
roman camps    
The map shows a number of antiquities, hillforts, tumuli, roman roads and roman camps.
image snip from map
Bury Hill Camp
DEANBURY HILL
has a:-
Camp
drawn in some detail with rings of ditches.
QUARLEY MOUNT and CAMP
is a double ring hillfort. And so on.
Tumuli are drawn by little hachured hills. For example:-
image snip from map
Barrows
three of them, south of Paultons Park, and:-
The Twelve Barrows
on Houghton Down west of Stockbridge.
The roman town of Silchester is walled, the shape is pretty accurate, with a layout of streets within, labelled:-
Old City Walls
and the:-
Amphitheatre
just outside on the northwest.
There are several roman roads, for example:-
Roman Road from Old Sarum to Winchester
but also some less reliable plots?

schools    
On the edge of Alton is:-
image snip from map
Free School
which is Eggars School. There are other examples.

inns    
Inns are noticed here and there. For example on the London to Southampton road by the turning to Froyle:-
Inn
But sometimes named, eg:-
image snip from map
Royal Oak
White Hart Inn
Crown Inn
both in Weyhill on the London to ?Barnstaple road. Inns are not always noted, in towns for instance, it is perhaps taken for granted they will be there.

smithies    
A blacksmith's shop might be shown. An example is labelled:-
image snip from map
Smith's Shop
at Highclere Street on the road from Andover to Newbury.

mills    
water mills    
windmills    
The table of symbols declares:-
Windmills [tower mill symbol] Watermills [rayed circle symbol]
A post mill symbol is also used, examples on Portsea Island on Portsmouth Common, and north of Kimpton, labelled:-
Wind Mill
and another post mill north of Kimpton:-
image snip from map
Wind Mill
The tower mill at Bursledon looks like a post mill symbol? I haven't yet, I'm still looking, found a tower mill symbol on the map.
The rayed circle for a water mill is small, a little circle with a few teeth; it needs to be looked for carefully. Examples:-
image snip from map
Cheriton Mill
Lockerly Mill
Kembridge Mill
etc etc. There are lots of them, sometimes just:-
Mill
Also:-
Paper Mill
for example at Romsey.

salterns    
Along the coast from Keyhaven to the Lymington River there are salterns. They are marked by groups of black filled rectangles and some rectangular outlines - the salt pans perhaps - and labelled:-
image snip from map
Salterns
There are two more on the east shore of Portsea Island marked by a rectangular grid of salt pans, each labelled:-
Saltern
Two more salterns are marked by grids at the south east tip of Hayling Island on the shore of Langstone Harbour.

brickworks    
quarries    
limekilns    
chalk pits    
iron works    
Labelled by a building symbol near Highclere Street is:-
image snip from map
Brick Kiln
alos near Crocker Hill south of Wickham, and a little further south on a side road a quarry is drawn and a building labelled:-
Lime Kiln
In various places there are:-
Chalk Pit
labelling a quarry, for example on the north face of Portsdown by Widley. And north east of Titchfield is:-
Iron Manufactory
by the road, across from the River Meon, with what looks like a pond, perhaps providing water power for the works.

race courses    
Race courses are noticed. For example there is an oval track drawn by double dotted line on Houghton Down, with posts at intervals all round, labelled:-
Stockbridge Course
with the:-
Starting Post
indicated. It looks to be a couple of miles long. There is another at Lyndhurst:-
image snip from map
Race Ground
fishing    
Notice the:-
Fishing House
on the River Test NE of Mottisfont.

may poles    
A tall post with a cross piece is labelled:-
image snip from map
May Pole
by Mr Carter's house south of West Dean.

gallows    
On the northern boundary of the county, near Combe, is:-
image snip from map
Gallows
and another at the road junction ENE of Exton. Less well drawn, hardly at all, is a :-
Gibbit
by the road on Gravel Hill 4 miles NE of Petersfield.
The 'County Gaol' is drawn and labelled in Hyde by Winchester.

posts    
Notice, for example:-
image snip from map
Picked Post
follies    
See:-
image snip from map
Bensons Folly
mazes    
At Breamore:-
image snip from map
mizmaze
camps    
West of Winchester:-
image snip from map
Oliver Cromwells Camp
shipyards    
On the Beaulieu River:-
image snip from map
Dock Yard / Bucklers Hard
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PUBLISHING HISTORY
A reduced version on one sheet was published by Faden, 1796.

Published in another edition about 1810.
The 1810 edition is dated from watermarks; there are additions to the plan of Southampton paralleled by changes in the county map, including the new road from Northam Bridge completed 1796, a canal to Northam, Itchen Ferry, and a reference to intended piers in the table of symbols
 
also see:- 
  related map group -- Faden 1796
   also presented in Old Hampshire Mapped
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ITEMS  in HMCMS Map Collection   (scanned item in bold)
  HMCMS:ACM1934.74.22 -- map
  HMCMS:FA1998.124 -- map
also see HMCMS:FA1998.124 -- one-inch map presentation (in new window)
  HMCMS:FA2002.650 -- reproduction map
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   All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources