PATERSON'S (VOL.I) ITINERARY

Printed for the Proprietors BOWLES & CARVER, London

Printed for the proprietor CARINGTON BOWLES, London, 3 Jan. 1785.

LONDON to Gosport, / commencing at / Alton p.38.

1 to 180000

3 miles to 1 inch

POOLE HARBOUR

THE SEA

Thees R.

Wey R

Oux Bridge

Fleet Pond

Ferry

Salisbury Plain

Deanbury Hill

Ports Down

Bere Forrest

e Hackwood Park, D. of Bolton.

a Rotherfield Park

d Tylney Hall

b Cams

Powderham C.

HANTS

Enter Dorset

WINCHESTER

Petersfield

Exton

North Street

to Stock- / bridge / p.61.

to London by Andover p.47

To Gosport p.68

Popham Lane

London Road

Guildford 6, Godalming 4, Lippock 14, Petersfield 8.

Paper Mill

Deanbury Hill

Port Way a Roman Way to Silchester

Ikenield way

Canal

Red Lion

Course

PATERSON'S / BRITISH / ITINERARY

Paterson's / BRITISH ITINERARY / Being / A new and accurate / delineation AND Description / of the / Direct and Principal Cross / ROADS / OF / Great Britain / IN TWO VOLUMES / By / CAPTN. DANIEL PATERSON, / Assistant to the Quarter Master General of / HIS MAJESTY'S FORCES / VOL.II. / LONDON / Printed for and Sold by the Proprietor / CARINGTON BOWLES. / At his Map and print Warehouse, / No. 69 / St. Paul's Church Yard. / Tomkins scr. Ellis sculpt. / Published as the Act directs, 3 Jan. 1785.

TO / THE KING'S / Most excellent Majesty / This Description / of the / Roads of Great Britain / is, by PERMISSION, / Most humbly Inscribed / By His Majesty's / Most Dutiful Subject and servant / DANIEL PATERSON.

Paterson's / BRITISH ITINERARY / CROSS ROADS. / NB. The INDEX is given in VOL. I. / Published as the Act directs, 3 Jan. 1785

GENERAL CONTENTS.

I. A General Map of all the Direct Roads delineated in this Work.

II. An explanatory Preface, containing many useful Articles of Information relative to Travelling; and particularly recommended to the perusal of those who would wish to to benefit from the peculiarity of the Plan upon which this Work is composed.

III. A full and comprehensive Index to the Whole, in Three Parts, viz. 1st, to the Direct Roads; 2d, to the Cross Roads; and 3d, to the Roads of Scotland.

IV. A Delineation of the Direct Roads of Great Britain, in 360 Columns of Copper-plate, divided betwixt the Two Volumes, as represented in the General Map.

V. A Description of the lesser, or Branches from the greater Direct Roads of England and Wales.

VI. Circuits of the Judges in England.

VII. A Delineation and Description of the Cross Roads of England and Wales.

VIII. A Description of the Roads of Scotland.

Errata at the End of the Second Volume.

DIRECTIONS to the BOOK-BINDER.

VOL. I.

At Beginning, a Map folded in the Middle, and bound in with a Guard.

Title of the First Volume.

Dedication.

General Contents and Preface.

Three Indexes.

Copper-plates of First Volume.

Letter-press of ditto.

Circuits of the Judges.

VOL. II.

Title of the Second Volume.

Copper-plates of ditto } Direct Roads.

Letter-press of ditto }

Copper-plates of ditto } Cross Roads.

Letter-press of ditto }

Roads of Scotland.

PREFACE.

THE Author of the following Work, animated with a desire of excelling in his profession, and of executing the duties of his staff employment with that degree of accuracy and precision necessary for conducting the movements of an army, in such regularity and good order as is absolutely requisite for the good of the service; and, as a thorough knowledge of the Roads, Towns, and even Villages of Note in the Kingdom, must be allowed the first essential towards the wished-for accomplishment, he has, for many years past, made it his principal study to attain ythat end. Herein he had so far succeeded even fourteen years ago, as to venture, through the persuasion of his friends, to lay before the public what he had originally compiled for his own amusement and information in business. The success attending that first Essay (notwithstanding its many imperfections) and the reception it has been honoured with from a generous public, has encouraged the Author to persevere in his favourite pursuit, sparing neither pains nor expence in procuring such materials as would enable him to improve upon the subject, and further gratify their inclinations with a new Production, which he trusts will recommend itself to their attention and protection; not more form its utility than the novelty of the Plan upon which it is conducted, whereby it gains a great superiority over every Work of the same nature ever presented to the public, all of which abound with many and various inconveniences: in some are only given the old and now mostly discontinued Roads, described by Ogilby 140 years ago; in others the line of the Road only is delineated, without affording the least idea of the circumjacent country, or describing any of those beautiful seats, and other remarkable objects which attract the Traveller's attention, and excite a curiosity he cannot get satisfied: some who have attempted to remedy the latter part of this inconvenience, often fail of

success, in letting a traveller pass the object he would wish to enquire or look for, before he finds out, perusing remarks (perhaps in another page) that at such a place he would have seen it to the right or to the left; but having now passed it, may perhaps have no opportunity of ever seeing it again: some fill the pocket of the Traveller with a single Road; and all are badly calculated to assist him in coming from any place, to which only the Road is given.

The Author flattering himself he has remedied all the above inconveniences by the plan on which he has conducted this Work now most respectfully offered to the public begs leave to give some short account thereof, and apologize for introducing into the literary world so great a novelty as that of reading upwards, which however singular it may appear at first view, will, on the smallest attention, he presumes, be allowed an improvement particularly well adapted to this subject, as will be explained in its proper place.

In the following Work care has been taken to procure the most authentic Surveys of the principal Roads of Great Britain; these are elegantly engraved in 360 columns, each comprehending about 18 miles in length, and near 5 miles of the circumjacent country in width; and such seats of the nobility and gentry as occur in tha space, are therein represented, with the name of the proprietor where room would admit, otherwise a reference is made use of, and the name put either at the bottom, or in some blank part of the opening where the reference is. - At the top of each page is a summary of that part of the Road given therein, which may serve the Traveller as a compendium, or short account of the stages of the Road he proposes to take.

In some instances a road takes such a bend, as if continued in its proper direction, would carry the drawing out of the column; in this case the direction of the drawing is altered at the most convenient place, shewn by a straight dotted line across the column, and the quantity of such bend ascertained by the different directions of the compass on each side of the line, as at Canterbury, p.4, Petersfield, p.32, Axminster, p.51, &c.

The lesser Direct Roads, most of the Cross Roads, and Roads of Scotland, are described in Letter-press, to prevent swelling the Work to too great a size; and contrived so as to be read upwards, in imitation of the engraved Roads, by which means we maintain a familiarity throughout the whole, and gain this advantagel; that the Traveller and his Eye will be moving in the same direction, whereas, if he read downwards, (in the usual manner) while he is proceeding, stage by stage, towards any place, he is reading, line by line, the contrary way; for example, in the Road from London to Sheerness, p.189, you are directed towards Rochester as in p.2, and from thence 4 1/2 to Rainham, 2 3/4 Newington Street, 1 Key Street, and so forth proceeding forwards on the Book, as well as on the Road. At the bottom of each page, where the Road begins, is put a directing Hand, to remind the Traveller of this improvement.

In returning from any place to that from whence the Road is given, you are necessarily liable to the inconvenience of reading the contrary way to that you travel; but to remedy this as much as possible, the intermediate distances are placed opposite to the spaces betwixt the names, so as to be of equal use to the Traveller, whether coming from, or going to any particular place: thus for example, in p.189, whether you are going to, or coming from Sheerness, it is equally plain that 1 1/2 mile is the distance betwixt Sheerness and Blackstakes, 1 mile bewtixt Blackstakes and Queenborough, 3 betwixt Queenborough and King's Ferry, and so forth. - This improvement will be found particularly useful in the Cross Roads, as by means thereof (for example) the Road from Ashbourn to Mansfield (see Vol.II. p.31, Cross Roads) serves also as the Road from Mansfield to Ashbourn, from Ashbourn to Matlock, from Mansfield to Matlock, from Matlock to Ashbourn or Mansfield, and from either of them to each of the intermediate places; so that, in short, from any place, either in the Direct or Cross Roads, to any other in the same Road, you may easily ascertain the intermediate distances; and, with a little attention, by help of the Indexes, conduct yourself through a variety of Roads not to be numbered.

each page, we had an opportunity of appropriating the other to the entertainment of the Traveller, by giving him, each in their proper place, a description of the Seats, Castles, Parks, Antiquities, Historical Anecdotes, Produce and Commerce of particular Places, together with directions for turning, or altering his course upon the Journey; and so for finding the different Roads leading to his destination, either from the commencement of his route, or from particular places thereupon; each of these Remarks being either directly, or nearly opposite to the place where the Traveller's attention is required, he runs no risque of overlooking any part of them, which may tend either to his guidance or amusement.

At the commencement of the description of each Road from London, is mentioned the Standard from whence the measurement is taken, which Standards, with their respective distances from the Obelisk in Fleet Street, are as follows, viz.

In a general Map of the Roads, given at the beginning of the First Volume, those engraved in the following Work are distinguished by a double line, and the figures refer to the pages in which they are respectively delineated; those to the westward of the dotted line, in Vol.I. those to the eastward, in Vol.II. and, in order to render the distinction of

the volumes still more plain, that part of the Map which refers to the first, is marked VOL.I. and coloured Red; the other part, referring to the second, VOL.II. and coloured Blue. Thus you will see, by the Map, that the Lichfield Road is in Vol.I. p.151, and the Derby Road in Vol.II. p.108. - This may serve as a General Index to the principal places upon the engraved Roads; but as there are a vast number of other places on the same Roads, which the smallness of the Map could not possibly admit of, and a great variety of Roads, described in Letter-press, not at all represented in the Map, a general and copious Index to the whole is given, in three parts, viz.

I. An Index to the Direct Roads from London to every City, Town, and considerable Village or Post Stage in England and Wales, including the Great Roads to Edinburgh, and intermediate Stages thereon.

II. An Index to the Cross Roads of England and Wales.

III. An Index to the Roads of Scotland.

These Indexes are so plain as to require no farther explanation than what is already given with each, in their respective places; however, it may be necessary to observe, that in describing a lesser Road, branching from a greater, the last remarkable place on the great Road, or the spot from whence the lesser turns off, is first given, with a reference to the page in which you will find the Road from its commencement so far as to that place; and afterwards the branch is continued, as for example: to find the Road from London to Southampton, the Index directs you to Vol.I. p.44, where you find the Road from Alresford to that place, and are directed to look for the other part of the Road, viz. from London to Alresford in p.39. So also in the Cross Roads, if you want to find the Road from one place to another; suppose from Bath to Portsmouth, look for either of the names in the Index to the Cross Roads, and you will be directed to p.37, where you find the Road from Rumsey to Portsmouth, with directions to look for the preceding part, viz. from Bath to Rumsey, in p.24. These references are made use of to prevent numberless repetitions, with which otherwise a work of this kind would unavoidably abound.

All references direct to the volume in which the reference is made, unless where the other volume is expressly mentioned: and those of the Cross and Scotch Roads, are confined to the pages of their respective denominations, except where particularly directed to Vol.I. or to Direct Roads of the Volume in which they stand.

Though the rates of travelling in England are generally so well known as to require little comment, yet, for the benefit of strangers, some degree of information on that head may naturally be expected in a work of this kind; for which reason we beg leave to observe that, the hire of horses and carriages differ so much, from various circumstances, as to prevent our furnishing the Traveller with an exact account of the charges he may find every where made; still, nevertheless, it is presumed, a Table of the Rates, usually paid throughout the kingdom, may contribute to his satisfaction, and, in some degreee, prevent his being imposed upon, as when they are deviated from, it will be easy for him to enquire, and find out, whether the charge made is usual and customary, or not.

TABLE of the Prices usually paid for the hire of HORSES and CARRIAGES.

N.B. By a Carriage is meant either Coach, Landau, Chariot, Phaeton, or Post Chaise, all of which are let at the same Rate, the Number of Horses only making any difference in Price.

If you hire a Carriage by the Day, and your Journey exceeds 20 Miles, you are frequently charged for each Mile more at the Rate of the stated Price per Mile, instead of the general Sum specified in the Table; and if you take the Horses farther than agreed for, you are liable to stand to the Loss, in Case of any Accident happening to them. It is likewise to be observed, that travelling in your own Carriage makes no Difference in Point of Expence, the same Charge being made for Horses alone as for Horses and Carriage together.

The principal deviations from the foregoing Table is the custom of charging one shilling per mile for a chaise and pair the first stage from London; at sundry other places the like imposition is practised, particularly at Maidstone, all along the Dover Road, and, in general, every where upon Cross Roads; the hire of carriages less in common use is still more uncertain, being generally bargained for with the inn-keeper, who also sets the price upon a saddle-horse in proportion to the length of your journey, or day's ride.

Besides the hire of your carriage, it is customary to give something to the driver in case of good behaviour; and though this present may vary, according to the different dispositions of the donors, yet it may not be amiss to acquaint a stranger to travelling that in general the driver of a chaise and pair expects a shilling for each stage of 10 or 12 miles, and eighteen-pence for those of greater length, besides some additional consideration in case of carrying three person, travelling by night, long waiting, quick driving, or on sundry other pretences which their ingenuity is always ready enough to suggest.

Since this Work was begun, many Changes of Property and Alterations in Roads, must undoubtedly have taken Place, some of which may have escaped Observation; and, as in Course of Time, further Changes and Alterations may naturally be expected, the Proprietor Carington Bowles, Number 69, Saint Paul's Church Yard, London, will be greatly obliged to any Gentleman who may communicate such Alteration, Addition, or Improvement of any Kind as may tend to enrich a future Edition, directed as above, which will be duly attended to, and carefully inserted; the AUTHOR having withdrawn all his Interest and Connection from the other Works of this Sort he ws formerly engaged in.

measured from the Stones-end in the Borough

measured from Hyde Park corner

LONDON to Farnham by Guildford measured from Cornhill

LONDON to Southampton commencing at Alresford on the Poole Road p.39.

LONDON to the Land's End in Cornwall commencing at Bagshot. p.37.

LONDON to EXETER (the Lower Road) commencing at Basingstoke p.45

LONDON to Gosport commencing at Alton p.38.

LONDON to Taunton continued to Exeter; commencing at Andover p.46.

of Lesser Note, OR BRANCHES FROM THE GREATER, Are described in LETTER-PRESS to prevent the swelling of the Work to too great a Size.

LONDON to HAVANT

LONDON to LYMINGTON

LONDON to BISHOP'S WALTHAM

LONDON to WINCHESTER by Basingstoke

LONDON to ODIHAM

LONDON to DOWNTON

LONDON to FORDINGBRIDGE

BATH to BRIGHTHELMSTONE and NEWHAVEN

BATH to WINCHESTER by Rumsey

BATH to WINCHESTER by Stockbridge

BATH to PORTSMOUTH

OXFORD to BASINGSTOKE by Newbury

OXFORD to CHICHESTER by Reading

OXFORD to WINCHESTER

OXFORD to SALISBURY

PORTSMOUTH to SALISBURY

PORTSMOUTH to OXFORD

PORTSMOUTH to CHICHESTER

POOL to LYMINGTON

READING to BASINGSTOKE

READING to ANDOVER

SOUTHAMPTON to GOSPORT by the Ferries

SOUTHAMPTON to GOSPORT

WALTHAM to ODIHAM

WINCHESTER to PORTSMOUTH

WINCHESTER to SALISBURY

INDEX TO THE DIRECT ROADS OF PATERSON'S BRITISH ITINERARY: SHEWING The Volume and Page in which are to be found the several Roads from LONDON to every CITY, TOWN, and considerable VILLAGE IN ENGLAND AND WALES: INCLUDING THE Great Roads to Edinburgh, with the intermediate Towns and Stages thereon.

The first Column contains the Name of the Place; the second the County it lies in; the Third its Markets Days; and the Fourth and Fifth, the Volume and Page in which the Road is to be found.

Thus, for Example; the Index shews that Abbotsbury is in Dorsetshire, its Market day is Thursday, and the Road to it given in Vol.I. p.197; - That Aberford is in Yorkshiew, its Market on Wednesday, and the Road to it given in Vol.II p.11; and so of others.

INDEX TO THE CROSS ROADS OF PATERSON'S BRITISH ITINERARY.

The CROSS ROADS being all given in Volume II. and paged distinct from the Direct Roads; the Figures in this Index refer to the Pages of that Volume, under the Article of CROSS ROADS.

The first Column contains the Name of the Place; the Second, the County it lies in; and the Third, the Pages in which the Roads are to be found to, from, or through the Towns to which they are annexed.

As for Example:

If you want to look for the several Cross Roads leading to, from, or through Banbury; you find, in p.42 and 71, Roads from Bristol, and from Northampton to Banbury; in p.32 and 33, the Roads from Banbury to Chipping Norton, and to Campden; and in p.77 the Road from Oxford through Banbury to Coverntry and Derby.

THE FOLLOWING ROADS being Either those of Lesser Note, OR BRANCHES FROM THE GREATER, Are described in LETTER-PRESS to prevent the swelling of the Work to too great a size.

This Part of the Work is so contrived as to be read Upwards, which not only continues a Similarity through the Whole; but, it is presumed, will be found no Small improvement, as, by this Means, the Traveller and his Eye will be moving in the same Direction; whereas, in the usual Way, while he is proceeding, Stage by Stage, towards any Place, he is reading, Line by Line, the contrary Way.

N. B. Cities are printed in Roman Capitals, as YORK.

County Towns in Italic Capital, as READING.

Market Towns, Post Towns, and principal Stages, in Italics, as Dartford

The Letters r. and l. stand for Right and Left.

The Columns of Figures on the Right of each Road is the Distance of the several Towns, &c. from London; that on the Left, the Distance from Town to Town, which is placed opposite to the Space betwixt the Two Names, so as to be of equal Use to a Traveller whether coming from, or going to, any particular Place.

CIRCUITS OF THE JUDGES.

All the Counties of England are divided into Six Circuits; through each of which two learned Men, assigned by the King's Commission, travel twice a Year; these are called Justices or Judges of Assize, and have sevral Commissions by which they sit.

I. A Commission of Oyer and Terminer, directed to them and many others of the best Account in their respective Circuits. In this Commission, the Judges of Assize are of the Quorum; so that without them there can be no proceeding. This Commission gves them Power to transact Matters relating to Treasons, Murders, Felonies, and other Misdemeanors.

II. A Commission of Gaol Delivery, which is only to the Judges themselves, and the Clerk of the Assize associate. - By this they have concern with every Prisoner in Gaol, for what Offence soever.

III. A Commission directed to themselves and the Clerk of the Assize, to take Writs of Possession, called also Assizes; and to do Right and Justice thereupon.

IV. A Commission to take the Nisi Prius, directed to the Justices and Clerks of Assizes; whence they are also called Justices of Nisi Prius.

V. A Commission of Peace in every County of their Circuit; and all the Justices of the Peace, having no lawful Impediment, are bound to be present at the Assizes, to attend the Judges. - The Sheriff of every Shire is also to attend in Person, or by a sufficient Deputy allowed by the Judges, who may fine him if he fail.

This excellent Institution of Judgesm, Circuits, and Assizes was begun in the Time of Henry II. though somewhat different to what it is now; the Grand Assize, or Trial by Jury instituted by him, as an Alternative instead of Judicial Commission, is partly described by Glanvil, who was perobably the Adviser of the Measure.

For this Purpose a Writ de Magna Assisa Eligenda, was directed to the Sheriff, to return four Knights, who were to elect Twelve other to be joined with them; all these together formed the Grand Assize, ordained to try the Matter of Right.

The Judges of Assize came into Use in the room of the ancient Justices in Eyre, Justiciarii in Itinere, who were appointed by the great Council of the Realm, A. D. 1176, 22 Hen.II. with a delegated Power from the King's great Court; they made their Circuit round the Kingdom once in Seven Years, for the Purpose of trying Causes, but were afterwards directed by Magna Charta, c. 12, to be sent into every County once a Year. And since that, in Order to prevent the Innocent from lying too long in Gaol, to keep the Prisons from being over crouded, and for sundry other good Reasons, it has been found Expedient to make two Circuits in the Year; one in the Spring, which is called the Lent Assize, and the other in Autumn, called the Summer, or Autumn Assize.

The Assizes for some Counties not being always held at the same Place, it is necessary to make the Circuit by different Routes; and as a minute Description of each would not only swell the Work, but be a useless Repetition of what is given in other Parts thereof, we have in the following Description of the several Circuits, only given the principal Towns and Stages in each, referring the Traveller to those Places in the Work where a particular Delineation or Descripton of the several Parts of the Circuit is to be found.

The Assize Towns in each Circuit are distinguished by an Asterism thus ([asterisk]) and printed in Italicks.

... ... ...

22

.... [a]Salisbury, Wilts .... 101 .... From Southampton to Salisbury, see Cross Roads, p.24.

16

.... Rumsey .................. 85

8

.... [a]Southampton .......... 77 .... From Winchester to Southampton, see p.43.

12

.... [a]Winchester ........... 65

7 1/2

.... Alresford ............... 57 1/2

10

.... Alton, Hants ........... 47 1/2

9

.... Farnham ................. 38 1/2

12

.... Bagshot ................. 26 1/2

... ... ...

From London ........................... From London to Winchester, see p.35, 36, &c.

WESTERN CIRCUIT