notes Hollar 1644

	Research Notes Map Group HOLLAR 1644

Hollar 1644
	Mappe of Kent, Southsex, ... etc, scale about 6 miles to 1 inch, the SE sheet of the Quartermaster Map, by Wenceslaus Hollar, published by Thomas Jenner, London, 1644; published 1644-1799.
	These notes for Hampshire are taken from a map in the John Garrett edition, London, 1688. The map studied is in a private collection.
	The map includes Hampshire, scale about 7 miles to 1 inch. The map size is: wxh, sheet = 51x33.5cm; wxh, map = 508x272mm. Remember that these notes are for Hampshire, and ignore many other parts of the map.
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	MAP FEATURES
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	The map is said to be based on Christopher Saxton's large wall map of England and Wales, 1583:-
	Britannia Insularum in Oceano Maximo
	which was engraved in 20 sheets at a scale of about 8 miles to 1 inch; total size about 5x4 feet. Wenceslaus Hollar was engaged by Thomas Jenner to engrave a version, which Jenner published in 6 folded sheets as a booklet, at about 7 miles to 1 inch. It was described as:-
	The Kingdome of England & Principality of Wales exactly described ... in six maps, portable for every man's pocket.
	As long as you have large pockets!
	The map was described in a preface as:-
	Useful for all Com~anders for Querteringe of Souldiers & all sorts of Persons that would be informed, Where the Armies be; never so commodiously drawne before this, 1644.
	The map was issued again by Jenner, 1671, with some roads added. Published with roads added by John Garrett, Royal Exchange, London, 1675 on silk, 1676 and 1688.; and by John Rocque, London, 1752 and 1799.
	top of page

MAP FEATURES
plain cartouche title cartouche publisher	Printed lower right in a plain cartouche:- A MAPPE OF KENT, SOUTHSEX, SURREY, MIDdlesex, Barke and Southampton Shire & the Ile of Wight, part of Essex & Wiltshire etc. Printed lower middle is:- Printed Coloured and Sold by John Garrett at the South Entrance of the Royall Exchange in London.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed lower middle is a compass rose; star points for cardinal and half cardinal directions, lines for false and by points, North marked by a fleur de lys, E S and W labelled. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale line scale old english mile	Printed below the title lower right is a scale of:- English Miles chequered in miles, labelled at 5 miles intervals. The 20 miles = 84.8 mm giving a scale 1 to 379401 wrongly assuming that the miles are statute miles. The map scale is (wrongly):- 1 to 380000 6 miles to 1 inch A much more reliable estimate is got from measuring the positions of towns and comparing these to known positions. This has been done for the Hampshire area using DISTTAB.exe software, source file:- see:- HOL1DIS.txt The map scale is about 1 to 456826 +-8%. The map scale is about:- 1 to 460000 7 miles to 1 inch The measurement provides an estimate of the miles used in the map, the Old English Mile:- 1 map mile = 1.21 statute miles
sea area sea plain ships	The sea area is plain, with some sea areas labelled, eg:- Spitt head in this area there are moored two 3 masted ships, their sails furled.
coast line coast shaded harbours	The coast line is emphasised by shading, which is tinted blue. The is crudely drawn but well enough to recognise the harbours and estuaries in the Hampshire area, where a couple of harbours are labelled:- Lemington haven Hamble haven Bouley haven The last is perhaps Beaulieu, but is labelled off the mouth of the River Meon.
rivers bridges	Rivers are drawn by a double, narrowing to a single, wiggly line tapering inland. A few rivers are labelled, eg:- Avon flu. Test river All Hampshire main rivers are shown, with a number of tributaries. The original map had no bridges, but this later edition has some bridges drawn by a double line across a stream. Bridges do not relate to the roads, which are also later additions to the map.
relief hillocks	Groups of hillocks, some with shading to the east, indicate some relief. Ranges of hills between Christchurch and Ringwood, north of Lyndhurst, north east of Petersfield, and north of Winchester, are shown. This is not a good guide to the shape of the county. No hills in Hampshire are labelled.
beacons	North of Exton is a shaded hillock, on the west flank a tree, on top a drawing of a beacon, labelled:- Lomerash The beacon is a post, with a ladder, and a cross bar from which dangles a fire basket.
woods forests trees	Tree symbols are used to indicate woodland. the new forest has dense groups of trees in parts, as have:- Walthm Forest Est. Beare Forest Chute forest the last drawn in Wiltshire. North of Liphook is:- Wulmere forest without trees, which is roughly correct.
county	County boundaries are a dotted line, the county areas are labelled, eg:- SOUTH HA~P TON SHI RE spread about the area. Text placement is not one of the charms of this map! The boundaries are tinted on the county's side; Hampshire red, Dorset orange, Wiltshire yellow, Berkshire orange, Surrey yellow, Sussex, orange. The tints are faded, and may have been misinterpreted.
	The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is not noticed.
settlements	Settlements are marked by a circle, perhaps with towers etc, differentiated by style of lettering.
city town	circle and tower and buildings; labelled in ?italic block caps, in Hampshire:- WINCHESTER SOUTHAMPTON
town	circle and tower and buildings; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Aulto~ Andover

village	circle; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Upwallop Selborne
roads	Roads were not drawn on the original map. Editions from about 1675 (when John Ogilby published his road book) have roads added. They are, not very neatly engraved, drawn by double or single lines for greater and lesser roads. While the Lands End and the Barnstaple roads, and the Portsmouth Road are similar, but not the same, to John Ogilby's routes, other main routes are different. The main routes relevant to Hampshire are:- from London; via Staines, Middlesex; (north of Bagshot, Surrey); then (north of Blackwater), Basingstoke, Steventon, (south of Whitchurch), Andover, Quarley, (north of the Wallops), Hampshire; to Salisbury, Wiltshire; and westward to ?Lands End. branch from Andover, through Weyhill, Hampshire; to Amesbury, Wiltshire; continues as a lesser route. branch from Basingstoke to Alresford, Hampshire. from London; via Staines, Middlesex; across a corner of Surrey; across part of Berkshire; to Basingstoke, Hampshire, entering the county north of Heckfield. from London; via Kingston, Surrey; then Winchfield, to Basingstoke, Hampshire, entering the county near Frimley. from London; via Guildford and Godalming, Surrey; then Petersfield, (Horndean and Cosham not marked on map), to Portsmouth, Hampshire.
Route diagram:-
	top of page

REFERENCES
	Shirley, Rodney W: 1980 (revised edn): Early Printed Maps of the British Isles 1477-1650: Antique Atlas Publications

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection and Private Collections (scanned item in bold)
	private collection (36) -- map
	top of page

	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources