notes PHILIP 1857-1900

	Research Notes Map Group PHILIP 1857-1900

Philip 1857-1900
	These notes are taken from the map of Hampshire, by George Philip and Son, London and Liverpool, Lancashire, drawn about 1857, published in an edition about 1900. The map studied is in a private collection.
	The map was probably first included in Philips' County Atlas of England and Wales, 1857. The engraved plate was printed by lithographic transfer; as a colour litho print was one of the first series of maps to be coloured mechanically. The map size is: wxh, sheet = 36x44cm; wxh, map = 338x413mm. The history of this map is described in:-
	Smith, David: 1985: Victorian Maps of the British Isles: Batsford (London):: ISBN 7134 4178 X
	MAP FEATURES
	RAILWAYS
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES
title map maker	Printed lower left:- HAMPSHIRE Printed at the bottom:- GEORGE PHILIP & SON, LONDON & LIVERPOOL.
orientation up is N	The map has no indicator of orientation except the graticule, the latitude and longitude grid. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale line scale	Printed lower left is a scale of:- English Miles chequered and labelled in miles. The 8 miles = 52.1 mm giving a scale 1 to 241716. The map scale is about:- 1 to 240000 4 miles to 1 inch The scale has been estimated from the position of mrket towns using DISTTAB.exe software to do the sumes. This gives a scale 1 to 246603. The map scale is ablout:- 1 to 250000 4 miles to 1 inch
lat and long scales lat and long grid index grid	The map has a graticule, latitude and longitude grid, printed at 10 minute intervals, for a trapezoid projection. The grid is labelled in the borders at 10 minute intervals. The ratio of the longitude scales top/bottom is 1.01; this is close to the 'correct' value, 1.02, for the latitude range. The ratio of latitude to longitude scales is 1.58, exactly the value for a 'square' map. The graduations at the bottom, longitude, are labelled:- W. from Greenwich The longitude, Winchester = 1d 18.5m W which accords with the Greenwich prime meridian. The map includes from 0d 45m to 1d 55m W, from 50d 30m to 51d 25m N; the whole of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. Odd corners of the county stick out beyond the borders of the map. The borders also have labels for the graticule cells; A..H from left to right and 1..6 from top to bottom, so the graticule can be used as a simpler index grid.
table of symbols	Printed lower left is information about some of the symbols used on the map:- Railways ... [bold line, dot] Station Roads ... [double line, tinted brown] The colouring represents the Parliamentary Divisions & Parliamentary Boroughs. Each Division of the County returns ... ... 1 member The Boroughs of Portsmouth & Southampton each return 2 members -ditto- Christchurch & Winchester -ditto- 1 member
sea area sea tinted buoys	The sea area is tinted by overall shading with blue lines. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL SOUTHAMPTON WATER Stokes Bay Features are not marked in the sea except:- Buoy of the Royal George which sank in 1782, and whose wreck was mostly cleared away in the mid 19th century because it was a hazard to navigation.
coast line coast tinted headlands harbours lighthouses	The coast line is tinted blue. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head Stone Point Gilkicker Point The coast is finely plotted, estuaries and harbours in some detail. The larger harbours are labelled, eg:- PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR Langston Harbour Off Cadland Park is a:- Quay On Hurst Point there is a:- Light Ho.
coastal defence castles fortifications	A number of the old coastal defence castles and some of the later fortifications and other related features are labelled:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle Netley Castle Victoria Hosp. Browndown Ft. Fort Monckton Haslar Hospital [fortification round Gosport] [fortification along Ports Creek] Dock Yard [and fortifications] [fortification round Portsmouth] Southsea Castle Lumps F. Cumberland Fort
rivers ponds bridges ferries	Rivers are drawn by wiggly lines tapering upstream. Braiding might be shown, as in the Avon near Ringwood. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- R. Blackwater R. Itchen The Bourne Rivulet is labelled as the Test; this is not an unusual difference of opinion about which stream is the Test headwater. A pond might be drawn in outline, shaded with blue and its boundary tinted blue as:- Fleet Pond There are other, unlabelled, ponds as in Paultons, Hackwood and other parks. The sea inlet between Exbury and Lymington is labelled:- Sowley Pond Bridges are not particularly marked, but are implied by a road crossing and interrupting a river. A few are labelled, eg:- Kilecombe Br [Kitcombe] Hern Bridge [Hurn] At Hythe the pier into Southampton Water is drawn and the Hythe Ferry crossing marked by a dotted line.
relief hill hachuring	Some relief is indicated by hill hachuring, and a few hills are labelled, not all with hachures, eg:- Butser Hill Quarley Hill Hampton Ridge Worthy Down
woods forests	Woodland is indicated by groups of small tree symbols with dotting to suggest rough ground or undergrowth. Some woods, or forests, are labelled, eg:- Highden Wood Farley Wood NEW FOREST BERE FOREST [East Bere Forest] Most of the old great forests are not noticed.
parks	Parks are drawn in outline, the interior pecked and tinted green. The park might enclose buildings, roads, ponds, rivers, trees, etc. Some parks are labelled by name or the name of its house, eg:- Hackwood Park Bramshill Park Dogmersfield Ho.
county	The county boundary is a dotted line, and is tinted by the tinting of the electoral areas.. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- WILTSHIRE and have a number of settlements, roads and railways to show how Hampshire fits into its surrounding area.
electoral data	Parliamentary divisions and boroughs are bounded by a dot dash line, and each area has a tint on the inside of its boundary. At this date, about 1900, the areas are as follows. Divisions:- N. OR BASINGSTOKE [orange] E. OR PETERSFIELD [green] S. OR FAREHAM [magenta] W. OR ANDOVER [pink] NEW FOREST [yellow] and the Isle of Wight, pink. Boroughs:- Portsmouth Southampton Winchester Christchurch A total of 12 members of Parliament.
settlements	Settlements are marked by a group of blocks or shading for populated areas, perhaps a cross (+) for a church. They are differentiated by style of labelling.
city town	group of blocks, or shading for built up areas; labelled in upright block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER SOUTHAMPTON ALTON STOCKBRIDGE There is no attempt to depict a street plan in towns.

village	a few blocks and perhaps a cross (+) for a church; labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- West Worldham Broughton

hamlet	a block or two; labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Oakhanger Middle Wallop This style of lettering is used generally for labelling other features on the map.
roads	A network of roads is drawn on the map by double lines. Major roads are broader and tinted brown; minor roads narrower, untinted. A few road junctions are labelled, eg:- Five Lanes End [north of Upton Grey] St. Johns Cross [cross roads, south of Abbots Ann] Lopcombe Corner is not named.
canals	The only canal that is clearly marked is the:- Basingstoke Canal drawn by a wiggly line, pretty much like a river. There is a double line, looking like a minor road, which could be the Titchfield Canal, from Titchfield to the Solent by Hill Head.
miscellaneous	Miscellaneous features are shown; these are not listed extensively here. None of them appear to be serious attempt to map all the known features of the type in the county.
race courses	There is a race course labelled NW of Stockbridge:- Race Ground On Worthy Down, north of Winchester, is an regular oval, labelled:- Race Course And north of Lyndhurst is another:- Race Course
antiquities hillforts tumuli	On Quarley Hill there is a double dotted outline of a hillfort. There are others, at Old Winchester Hill for example, and, south east of Ashley this symbol is labelled:- Anct. Entrenchment Some tumuli are noticed, for example:- Seven Barrows north of Litchfield, and, north west of Botley a circle labelled:- Tumulus
antiquities roman roads	Some roman roads are labelled, eg:- Roman Road south of Litchfield, part of the route from Silchester to Sarum. To the West of Winchester again:- Roman Road on the route from Winchester to Salisbury.
salterns	A couple of blocks, for a small settlement or buildings, are labelled:- Salt Works between Lymington and Milford.
monuments	North of Farley Chamberlayne is a square labelled:- Farley Monument A stone in the New Forest is labelled:- Rufus Stone And on Portsdown there is:- Nelson Monument
beacons	A hill is labelled:- Burley Beacon
inns	A few inns are noticed, for example:- Lion Inn [north of Cliddesden] Travellers Rest [north of Freefolk] Hen & Chickens [Froyle]
shipping routes	The shipping routes to Ryde, isle of Wight from Stokes Bay pier and from Portsmouth Harbour, and drawn by dotted lines.
camps	Arrays of dots mark the lines at Aldershot, labelled:- North Camp South Camp
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RAILWAYS
railways	Railways are drawn by a bold solid line; stations have a small dot and are labelled:- Sta except a few named stations, eg:- Sway Sta The important junction to the west of Basingstoke is labelled:- Worting Junction The bold line of the railway become an unfilled double line where it might interfere with existing labels on the map. Railways will have been added throughout the life of the map's engraved plate. The railways shown are listed below with their original name and date of opening, and their map label if there is one:-
	London and Southampton Railway
	London & South Western Raily.

	Bishopstoke to Gosport branch railway


	Chichester to Portsmouth branch railway
	Brighton Railway

	Eastleigh to Salisbury branch railway


	Southampton and Dorchester Railway
	London & South Western Raily.

	Berkshire and Hampshire Railway
	Reading Branch

	Fareham to Cosham branch railway


	Reading, Guildford and Reigate Railway
	Reading & Reigate Raily.

	Farnham to Alton branch railway
	Alton Branch S.W. Raily.

	Basingstoke and Netley railway
	Salisbury and Andover Branch

	Lymington Railway


	Portsmouth Railway
	Direct Portsmouth Raily.

	Ringwood, Christchurch and Bournemouth Railway


	Bishops Waltham Railway


	Stokes Bay Railway and Pier Co


	Petersfield Railway


	Andover and Redbridge Railway


	Mid Hants, Alton Lines, Railway
	[Alton Branch S.W. Raily.]

	Salisbury and Dorset Junction Railway


	Hayling Railway


	Swindon, Grafton and Marlborough Railway


	Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway


	Hurstbourne and Fullerton branch railway


	Brockenhurst to Christchurch branch railway


	Southampton and Netley Railway


	Lee-on-the-Solent Light Railway


	?branch railway from Fratton to Southsea
	This includes railways built up to 1894, and does not include railways opened from 1901 onwards.
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REFERENCES
	Smith, David: 1985: Victorian Maps of the British Isles: Batsford (London):: ISBN 7134 4178 X

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA2002.653 -- map
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