notes Gardner 1719

	Research Notes Map Group GARDNER 1719

Gardner 1719
	Road strip maps with sections in Hampshire, scales about 2 miles to 1 inch, reduced from maps by Ogilby, 1675, by Thomas Gardner, London, 1719.
	Published in 'A POCKET-GUIDE TO THE English TRAVELLER ... MDCCXIX.'
	The maps studied are in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museum service, items HMCMS:FA1999.123.1, FA1999.123.2 and FA1999.123.3. Notes are also made from the road book, item HMCMS:FA1999.135. The collection also includes a late binding of the book, item HMCMS:FA2000.47.
	The atlas page size is wxh, sheet = 16x18.5cm. The map size is, from plate 51 in the collection; wxh, sheet = 28.5x18.5cm, wxh, map = 267x162mm. The notes are mostly restricted to Hampshire.
	STRIP MAP FEATURES
	THE POCKET GUIDE
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
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STRIP MAP	FEATURES
	Map features are described, as much as possible, from Hampshire segments of the roads. The Map Collection currently has only three of the 10 pages relevant to the county.
scrolls	Following the style of John Ogilby the strips of road are presented on a long scroll on the page, the start and finish, bottom left and top right, having a roll of paper at the ends.
title cartouche plain cartouche table of distances dedication	Each plate has a plain rectangular cartouche, not fitting well in the curve of the scrolls. In this is given the name of the route, map maker's name, distances in stages and overall, and a dedication. Example, plate 51:- The Road from LONDON to SOUTHAMPTON, By THOS. GARDNER. Containing 78 Miles 3 Furlongs Vizt. From ye Standard in Cornhill LONDON to Bagshot in ye Lands end Road 29'6 thence to Farnham 11'6, to Alton 9'3, to Aleresford 9'6, to Twiford 8'6, to Southampton 9'5. Continued to Salisbury Com. Wilts 25'5. Vizt. From Southampton to Rumsey 8'3, to White Parish 9, & to SALISBURY 8'2. Humbly Inscrib'd to the Honourable JOHN WALLOP, Esq. Plate 32 is dedicated to:- GEORGE DODDINGTON Plate 53 is dedicated to:- JOHN HARRISON I have not been able to discover clear connections between the dedicatees and the maps, BUT - George Doddington might have been George Bubb Dodington b.1691 d.1762 who was MP for Winchelsea 1715, took his name on succeeding to an uncle's estate 1720, and was later MP for Bridgewater, 1722-54. John Wallop might have been the John of Farleigh Wallop b.1690 d.1762, MP for Hampshire 1715-20, later Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire 1733-42, and created 1st Earl of Portsmouth 1743.
orientation compass rose up is destination	Each scroll has a simple compass rose to declare its orientation; circles, four lines for the cardinal directions, north marked by a fleur de lys. The compass rose is sometimes more elaborate, for example on the first scroll of plate 32, where there are star points for cardinal and half cardinal directions, lines for the false points, a fleur de lys marking north. Up on the pages is towards the traveller destination, which matches his view forward.
scale	The maps have no declared scale. A scale could be estimated by measuring segments of road, using the mile marks provided. The maps are about:- 2 miles to 1 inch
sea area	The sea is not an important element of these road maps. It might be labelled, eg:- The Sea
coast line coast form lines	Where it is shown there are form lines emphasising the coast line.
rivers ferries bridges ponds	A major river, alongside a road, is shown by a broad wiggly line, perhaps tapering upstream, perhaps engraved with form lines, and might be named, eg:- Wey flu. river Test Smaller rivers are drawn by a smaller wiggly line, down to a:- Rill crossing under the road. Some small stream are drawn a little larger and might be named, eg:- small River call'd Sewers water Brambr. water The last being a stretch of the Itchen, pl.51 scr.4 mile 71. At Southampton the Ferry over the Itchen, is labelled. A pond might be drawn, for example Alresford Pond, pl.51, labelled:- Pond Bridges are mostly taken for granted, but might be labelled, eg:- Stone br & small River at Alresford, pl.51, and:- High Wood br. over the Itchen south of Twyford, pl.51 scr.4 mile 70-71. In Andover, pl.32, there are two bridges labelled:- Stone bridge 5 Arches over flu Just outside Alresford the river is shown spreading across the road, a ford, labelled:- the Road going thro' ye water
relief hillocks hill hachuring	Ups and downs on the road are indicated by a mixture of hill drawings. Hillocks under the road might be used to show and 'up' and an upsidedown hillock a 'down'. For example pl.53 scr.2 down into Stockbridge in the Test Valley, then up and down again on the road west out of town. Bigger hillocks imply bigger slopes. In other places less precise drawings of hills show hilly country. For instance, approaching Alton, pl.51 mile 47 the route is between hillocks, drawn up and down:- with Froyle church placed scenically amongst them. Outside Hampshire there are different styles:- Hillocks line the road across Salisbury Plain, pl.32 mile 95-97, rising away from the road which is in a valley. In Somerset, approaching Bridgewater, pl.32 mile 134-140:- hill hachuring indicates the road running along a ridge, with a whole lot of windmills. A hill or down might be named, perhaps without any hillock symbols, eg:- Longwood Downe where the unfenced road approaches Morestead, pl.51 scr.4 mile 63-66.
woods forests trees vegetation	Woodland is indicated by little tree symbols, which might be grouped at a village or by the road, and, rarely, might be labelled, eg:- Austrey wood a Copice near Romsey, pl.51 scr.6 mile 5-7. A tree might be noticed. At mile 4 from Southampton, on the 8 mile road to Romsey, pl.51 scr.6, is Halfway Oak In Somerset, pl.32 scr.6 mile 130-131 is a tree symbol:- an Elder tree which I think is an unusual sort of tree to notice. There are comments beside the routes here and there, about the vegetation or scenery, eg:- Arrable [pl.51 scr.3 mile 54-55] Farnham Common heath [pl.51 scr.1 mile 35-37] Pasture [pl.32 scr.1 mile 75] Heath & Furzie ground with a suggestion of a pecked area either side the road, pl.51 scr.1 mile 10, in Surrey just before you reach Hampshire.
parks houses	Out of Hampshire there is a park shown by part of a circle of fence palings, labelled:- Clarendon Park just outside Salisbury, pl.51 scr.7 mile 22-23. A number of 'seats' are noticed on the maps. There is usually a drawing of a house with the house or owner's name, eg:- ye Ld. Anstey's house [pl.51 scr.1 mile 35] Sr. Den. Guadon [pl.51 scr.3 mile 47] Brambridge house [pl.51 scr.4 mile 70]
county	County boundaries are dotted lines across the route, usually labelled on the pattern:- enter Hampsh. [pl.51 scr.1 mile 33] the county name given in full where space permits. The county is also labelled along the side of the scroll, eg:- HAMP SH.
settlements	Settlements are shown along the route and beside the route, and are indicated by the destinations of side turnings.
city	A city is drawn by a street plan, with blocks of built up areas, the route entering the street plan 'correctly' though the miniature plans should be relied on! labelled in italic block caps, eg:- SALISBURY

town	A town is drawn by rows of houses along the road and side streets, in perspective. Andover is a particularly nice example, pl.32 scr.1 mile 66; labelled in upright lowercase text:- Andover Southampton with gardens behind the houses. There might be a church as well.

village	Villages are shown by a church, which is orientated correctly, and perhaps some houses by the road; villages off the road have, perhaps, just the church. Labelling in italic lowercase text, eg:- Apworth Church [pl.32 sr.1 mile 71 on right] Monkson [pl.32 scr.1 mile 70]

roads distances from London distances from start	Roads are drawn by a double line; solid or dotted indicating fenced or unfenced sides. The route of the strip map is drawn up the 'middles' of the scrolls, with bends and turns. The roads are marked every 2 furlongs with a dot, a double dot at the miles, where there is a figure for the distance from London, or from the start of a cross route. The start is declared in the title cartouche, for plate 32, the road from London to Barnstaple it is:- From the Standard at Cornhill LONDON Junctions are shown, turnings to left, right or both. Many of these have the destination of the turning given, eg:- to Wayhill to Marlborough or more importantly:- ye Road to Andover & ye Lands end on plate 53 where there is a junction to another strip map road. And similarly:- the Road to Salisbury Exeter & ye lands End on plate 32 where the route of plates 25-28, the Road from London to Lands End, diverges. Notice that where the destination labelling does not fit it might be on the other side of the road, but keyed by a small letter to the turning, for example on pl.53 the three exits from Cranborn are labelled a, b, and c, and the labels given to the north of the village:- a to Winborne b to Edmundsham c to Ringwood Distances to the destination are not usually given.

Route diagram:-

miscellaneous	There is miscellaneous detail on these strip maps, as there is on their forerunners, the Ogilby maps. I have not been so assiduous in looking for detail on these derivatives.
mills water mills paper mills windmills	Mills might be noticed. Water mills might be drawn as a building beside a stream, or perhaps just labelled. There is a clear example at Monxton, pl.32 scr.1 mile 69-70, labelled:- a Mill on:- flu a Small River The mill is shown in the same way, with the same label text, on the 'same' map by John Ogilby's, 1675, suggesting how closely Thomas Gardner has copied. The mill is now a domestic house, location SU315445, on the Pillhill Brook. On the River Wey, pl.51 scr.2 mile 43-44, is a:- Paper mill and at Alton on the same plate, mile 50:- a post mill, windmill, is drawn by the road.
antiquities henges tumuli	Between Amesbury and Shrewton in Wiltshire is a ring of square shapes, with a central square, and an external square, labelled, of course:- Stonehenge Not so clearly understood are the three lumpy things by the road from Basingstoke, pl.53 scr.1 about mile 58:- These are three tumuli, the Popham Beacons barrows. The interpretation can be justified by comparison with other road strip maps.
schools	In Alton the:- Free School is noticed.
posts	At Bluck on the Heath there is drawn and labelled:- Bluck on ye Heath post
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THE POCKET	GUIDE
	The title page of the road book reads:-
	A POCKET-GUIDE TO THE English TRAVELLER:
	Being a Compleat SURVEY and ADMEASUREMENT Of all the Principal ROADS and most Considerable Cross-ROADS in ENGLAND and WALES. In One Hundred COPPER-PLATES.
	LONDON: Printed for J. TONSON at Shakespear's Head over-against Katherine-Street in the Strand, and J. WATTS at the Printing-Office in Wild-Court near Lincoln's-Inn Fields. MDCCXIX.
	The preface comments on John Ogilby's road strip maps:-
	As the original Plates are in large Sheets, the general Use of them has been hitherto lost, and the Book rather an Entertainment for a Traveller within Doors, than a Guide to him upon the Road: That a Work of so much Use might be therefore a constant Companion to those that want it in the most useful way, viz. as a GUIDE to the TRAVELLER; this Method of rendring it such has been attempted, and on Experience 'tis not doubted will be found to answer all the Ends of the original Design, and the utmost Expectations of those that shall make Use of it.
	The book was one of four versions of John Ogilby's road book, published 1675, which were planned in the 1710s. Thomas Gardner's is the second scheme, and the first to be completed. (Herman Moll 1718 failed; John Senex 1719-20 and Emanuel Bowen 1720, succeeded.) Perhaps this version by Thomas Gardner was rushed to be first; the engraving is not of the best, copying was not always careful ...
	Among the introductory pages is a tabulation of the roads contained in the book:-
	The TABLE.
	...
	Plate 25, 26, 27, 28. From LONDON to the LANDS-END, passing through Kensington, Hamersmith, Brantford, Hounslow, Stanes, Egham, Bagshot, Hartley-Roy, Newnham, Basingstoke, Wooton, Andover, SALISBURY, Shaftesbury, Milburn-Port, Sherborn, Evill, Crookhorn, Axminster, Honiton, Rockbere, EXETER, Chidleigh, Ashburton, Buckford, Brent, Plymouth, Low, Foy, Trewardreth, Tregoney, Philey, Market-Jew, Pensance, St. Burion.
	...
	Plate 30. From LONDON to PORTSMOUTH, passing through Wansworth, Kingston, Cobham, Guilford, Godalmin, Lippock, Petersfield, Harnden, Portsey-bridge, Kingston.
	...
	Plate 32, 33, 34. From ANDOVER to BARNSTABLE, and continu'd to TRURO, passing through Amesbury, Shruton, Warminster, Maiden-Bradley, Bruton, Weston-Regis, Ascot, South-Moulton, Barnstable, Torrington, Hatherley, Ivy, Newport, Hall-Drunkard, Gambleford, St. Indullion, Padstow, St. Columb, St. Michael. [See Plate 25 for the Road from London to Andover.]
	...
	PLate 39. From GUILFORD to CHICHESTER, passing through Godalmin, Chidingfold, Midhurst, continu'd from Midhurst to WINCHESTER through Petersfield. [See Plate 30 from London to Guilford.]
	...
	Plate 51. From BAGSHOT to SOUTHAMPTON, passing through Farnham, Alton, Alresford, Twiford; continu'd to SALISBURY through Rumsey and White-Parish. [See Plate 25, from London to Bagshot.]
	...
	Plate 53. From BASINGSTOKE to WEYMOUTH, passing through Sutton, Stockbridg, Broughton, Dunketon, Cranborn, Blandford, Dorchester. [See Plate 25, from London to Basingstoke.]
	...
	Plate 81. From OXFORD to CHICHESTER, passing through Abington, East-Ilsley, Newbury, Kings-clear, Basingstoke, Alton, Petersfield.
	...
	Plate 83. From OXFORD to SALISBURY, passing through Abington, Great Shelford, Hungerford, North-Tudworth; continu'd to Pool through Crnaborn, and Winborn.
	...
	Plate 97. From ALRESFORD to POOL, passing through Winchester, Rumsey, Castle-Malwood, Ringwood, Knaston; and from Pool to Winchester, through Christ-Church, Milton, Limington and Southampton. [See Plate 25 for the Road from London to Bagshot, and Plate 51 for the Road from Bagshot to Alresford.
	...
	In Hampshire, the routes and plate numbers correspond very closely to John Ogilby's routes and plates, published 1675. The route from Lymington to Southampton via Redbridge is additional to Ogilby's route on plate 97.
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REFERENCES
	Gardner, Thomas: 1719: Pocket-Guide To The English Traveller: (London)
also see:-
	related map group -- Ogilby 1675

ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:FA1999.123.1 -- strip map (pl.32)
	HMCMS:FA1999.123.2 -- strip map (pl.51)
	HMCMS:FA1999.123.3 -- strip map (pl.53)
	HMCMS:FA1999.135 -- book binding
	HMCMS:FA2000.37 -- title page
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