notes Lewis 1831

	Research Notes Map Group -- LEWIS 1831

Lewis 1831
	Map, Southampton ie Hampshire, scale about 7 miles to 1 inch, by R Creighton, engraved by John and Charles Walker, published by Samuel Lewis and Co, 87 Aldersgate Street, London, 1831; published 1831-49.
	These notes are made from two copies of a map of Hampshire by R Creighton, 1831, engraved by John and Charles Walker, published in later editions of Lewis's Topographical Dictionary. The maps studied are in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:FA1997.101 with snip images and some extra notes from HMCMS:FA1998.216.
	The map size is: wxh, sheet = 27x33cm; wxh, map = 234x288mm.
	MAP FEATURES
	TABLE OF PARISH UNIONS
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
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MAP FEATURES
title map maker engraver	The map has no title cartouche, at the upper left is:- SOUTHAMPTON Printed across the bottom is:- Drawn by R. Creighton. DRAWN AND ENGRAVED FOR LEWIS' TOPOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY. Engraved by J. & C. Walker.
orientation compass rose up is N	Printed on the left is a compass rose; star points for cardinal, half cardinal and false points, North marked by a fleur de lys. The map is printed with North at the top of the sheet.
scale line	Printed lower centre is a:- Scale of Miles chequered in miles, labelled at 5 mils intervals; The 20 miles = 75.4 mm gives a scale 1 to 426882 assuming a staute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 430000 7 miles to 1 inch
lat and long scales	Printed in the map borders are scales of latitude and longitude for a slanted rectangular projection; chequered at 5 minutes intervals, labelled at 10 minute intervals. The map includes from 0d 40m to 1d 55m W, from 50d 25m to 51d 30m N; the whole of Hampshire, including parts of Dorset that were in Hampshire, and the Isle of Wight. Estimating from the scales the:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 17.5m W roughy, which suggest a prime meridian close to Greenwich. The bottom scale is labelled:- West Longitude
sea area sea plain	The sea is plain. Sea areas are labelled, eg:- Christchurch Bay THE SOLENT SPITHEAD ENGLISH CHANNEL
coast line coast form lines headlands	The coast line is emphasised by form lines. Some headlands are labelled, eg:- Hengistbury Head Some harbours are explicitly labelled, eg:- Keyhaven Portsmouth Harbour
coastal defence castles fortifications	Not much notice is taken of the county's coastal defences. Labelled are:- Hurst Cas. Calshot Cas. Portsmouth, Portsea, Gosport have a scatter of square blocks within a line - which MIGHT be taken to indicate fortifications:-
rivers lakes ponds	Rivers are shown by wiggly lines. Beyond the river's estaury the line is quite thin, except the major rivers which have form lines on one side of the single wiggly line. Some braiding is indicated. Some rivers are labelled, eg:- Anton or Test River An example of a pond, this with form lines, is:- Fleet Pond with the railway, added to a later edition of the map, engraved through the middle. Some bridges are shown by the road interupting the course of the river. An aqueduct is suggested under the Basingstoke Canal NW of Odiham.
relief hill hachuring	Hill hachuring is used to suggest relief. There is some labelling, eg:- Magdalen Hill Longstock Hill Portsdown Hill
beacons	No beacons are shown.
county	The county boundary is a bold dotted line. Contiguous counties are labelled in clear block caps, eg:- DORSETSHIRE The detached part of Hampshire, in West Sussex, is shown.
electoral data	Drawn across the map is a boundary between the North Division and South Division, a dot dash line. This is not tinted, except where, by chance? it is also a parish union boundary. The two areas are labelled:- NORTH DIVISION SOUTH DIVISION At the top of the early edition of the map is:- PLACE of ELECTION for the NORTHERN DIVISION.- Winchester. POLLING PLACES.- Alton, Andover, Basingstoke, Bishop's Waltham, Kingsclere, Odiham, Petersfield. PLACE of ELECTION for the SOUTHERN DIVISION.-Southampton. POLLING PLACES.- Fareham, Lymington, Portsmouth, Ringwood, Romsey.
settlements	Settlements are shown with small blocks, representing buildings? which might stand alone, or in groups, and perhaps be arranged along streets. There might be a cross (+), perhaps indicating a church.
city	blocks on ?streets; labelled in upright block caps:- WINCHESTER

town	blocks on ?streets; labelled in upright block caps text, eg:- ALTON

village	blockS and/or a cross (+); labelled in upright lowercase text, eg:- Chawton

hamlet	a block or more and/or a cross (+); labelled in italic lowercase text, eg:- Beauworth

roads	Roads are shown by double lines. There seem to be three conventions in use to distinguish different types of road. 1. dotted line, instead of continuous, on one or both sides probably indicates unfenced roads. 2. narrow v. broad double line, to indicate importance. 3. lines of equal weight v. one light one bold, to mark particular roads. All broad width roads have light/bold lines ie the system is partly redundant.
principal roads	broad double line, light bold; dotted if unfenced.

lesser roads	narrow double line, light light; dotted if unfenced.

canals	Canals are shown by a triple line, light bold light, eg:- Most are labelled. The following canals are shown:-
Basingstoke Canal	from basinsgteok to the Surrey border. The tunnel ate Greywell drawn dotted:- Basingstoke Canal

Andover Canal	from Little Ann to Redbridge:- Andover Canal

Itchen Navigation	from Winchester to the head of the Itchen estuary, about South Stoneham:- Itchin Navigation

Portsmouth and Arundel Canal	Across Portsea Island

Titchfield Canal	Drawn as a second river parallel the River Meon, from Ticthfield to The Solent at Hillhead.

railways	Railways have been added to the later edition of the map, drawn by a bold line with cross ties. The engraving runs over existing features and labels. The railway shown is:-
London and Southampton Railway	Opened throughout 1840, labelled:- Southampton Railway
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TABLE OF	PARISH UNIONS
parish unions	The later edition of the map has boundaries of parish unions, dotted lines. Each is labelled with a number referring to a table printed lower right:- Reference to the Unions 1 Hungerford (Part) 2 Kingsclere 3 Newbury (Part) 4 Bradfield (Part) 5 Andover 6 Whitchurch 7 Basingstoke 8 Hartley-Wintney 9 Stockbridge (Part) 10 New Winchester 11 Alresford 12 Alton 13 Romsey 14 Hursley 15 Fordingridge (Pt.) 16 Ringwood 17 Christchurch 18 New Forest (Part) 19 Lymington 20 South Stoneham 21 Fareham 22 Droxford 23 Petersfield 24 Catherington 25 Portsea Island 26 Havant 27 Midhurst (Part) 28 Parts not yet formed into Unions The union boundaries appear to be independent of the county boundary.
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PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	Published in 'A Topographical Dictionary of England, comprising the several counties, cities, boroughs ... illustrated by Maps of the different counties and islands; a Map of England ... and a plan of London ... By Samuel Lewis. In four volumes. London: Published by S. Lewis & Co., 87, Aldersgate-Street, 1831.'
	Published in 2nd edition 1833
	In the 1833 edition the map has a note of places of election and polling places added at the top.
	Published in a 3rd edition 'A Topographical Dictionary of England ... Third edition, With a supplementary volume comprising a representative History of England with plans describing the electoral divisions of the several counties ... By Samuel Lewis ... London ... S. Lewis and Co ... 1835.'
	The 3rd edition has a supplementary volume with outline maps showing boroughs, places of election, polling places, etc, after the Reform Act 1832.
	Published in a 4th edition 1840.
	In the 1840 edition Union boundaries and names are added.
	Published in a 5th edition 'AN ATLAS, COMPRISING MAPS OF THE SEVERAL COUNTIES, DIVIDED INTO UNIONS, AND OF THE ISLANDS OF GUERNSEY, JERSEY, AND MAN; WITH A MAP OF ENGLAND AND WALES, AND A Plan of London and its Environs. / LONDON: PUBLISHED BY S. LEWIS AND CO., 87, HATTON GARDEN. M.DCCC.XLII.' ie 1842.
	The 1842 atlas size is 9 1/2 x 12 1/2 ins; the map is the same as the 1840 edition.
	Published in a 6th edition 1845, 7th edition 1849.
	In the 6th and 7th editions the map is unchanged.
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REFERENCES
	: 1831 & 1833 & 1835 & 1840: Topographical Dictionary of England: Lewis, Samuel (London)
	: 1842: Atlas & Topographical Dictionary of England (?): Lewis, Samuel (London)
	: 1845 & 1849: Topographical Dictionary of England (?): Lewis, Samuel (London)
also see:-
	related map group -- Lewis 1835
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:ACM1934.74.13 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1997.101 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.216 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.57 -- atlas
	HMCMS:FA1999.57.36 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.86 -- map
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