notes Cary 1789

	Research Notes Map Group CARY 1789

Cary 1789
	Map, Hampshire, scale about 3 miles to 1 inch, by John Cary, London, 1789; published 1789-1806.
	The map studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, item HMCMS:ACM1934.74.1.
	MAP FEATURES
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection
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MAP FEATURES
title map maker	Printed upper left is:- A MAP of HAMPSHIRE from the best AUTHORITIES. Engraved by J. Cary.
orientation compass rose up is N	The map has a compass rose with star points for cardinal and half cardinal points, and lines for the false points. North is marked by a fleur de lys; east is marked by an informal symbol. Map north is up on the sheet.
lat and long scales	There are rectangular latitude and longitude scales in the map borders, chequered at 1 minute intervals, labelled at 5 minute intervals in arabic numerals, degrees labelled in roman numerals. The bottom border:- Longitude West from London
scale line	There is a scale line:- Statute Miles 69 1/2 to a Degree of Latitude. There are 10 miles, chequered and labelled in miles; length 82.4mm is 1 to 195309, so the scale is about:- 1 to 200000 3 miles to 1 inch
sea plain sandbanks leading lines buoys	The sea is plain. Some sea areas are labelled, eg:- Christ Church Bay Stokes Bay ENGLISH CHANNEL SOUTHAMPTON WATER A number of sandbanks are shown along the shore and in channels by dotted areas with a strongly dotted boundary; some are labelled, eg:- Bramble The Horse The bouys marking some of the sandbanks are shown and named, eg:- Horse Bouy Spit Bouy Some leading lines are marked by a dotted line, for example that defined by ?pillars at 'Kicker Gill' and 'Gillkicker':- for a safe approach into Spithead clearing Horse Sands. This map is, perhaps, unusual for the amount of maritime detail it shows?
coast line coast form lines harbours islands headlands	Coast form lines emphasize the coast line. These are more extensive in estuaries and harbours, which also have channels marked between shallows. harbours may be labelled, eg:- PORTSMOUTH HARBOUR Titchfd. Haven Langstone Harbour Some of the islands in Portsmouth Harbour are named:- Whale Island Horsey Island The coast is drawn in some detail, with some features named, eg:- Hengistbury Head High Cliff Barton Cliff Although it is not unusual, the shape of the spits at Hengistbury, Hurst, opposite Exbury, Calshot, Titchfield Haven, etc, are all drawn with the form typically caused by a tidal stream along a coast.
coastal defence fortifications	The old castles which were the coastal defence for the area are nearly all marked:- Hurst Castle Calshot Castle [Netley] Castle St. Andrews Castle South Sea Castle The more modern and relevant fortifications at Portsmouth are not depicted.
rivers ponds bridges fords ferries	Above their mouths, rivers are shown by a wiggly line tapering a little upstream. Some rivers are named, eg:- Avon River Beauly River The problem of what headwater is the true headwater and what is a tributary is demonstrated by the labelling of the Bourne Rivulet as 'Anton River' ie the Test. What is the Anton, into Andover, is labelled 'Test River'. However, the head of the branch of the Test east of Overton is labelled:- Source of the Hanton River There is some confusion here! Braiding is shown, eg in the Avon at Ringwood. A headwater of the Beaulieu River is labelled:- Decoy Some ponds are marked and labelled, eg:- Blackmore Ponds or just marked, eg at Alresford, or just labelled, eg:- Gomer Pond at Alverstoke. On the road west out of Stockbridge, about mile 73 from London, is marked:- Watering Pond which is presumably descriptive rather than nominative (demonstrating how leading capital letters wrongly used can be a snare.) Bridges are not depicted very well. Rivers cut over roads even where a bridge is actually named, eg at:- Post Bridge over Ports Creek. A number of bridges are named on the map (separately from the name of a town, like Stockbridge), eg:- Knights Bridge [on Enborne] Eversley Bridge [on Blackwater] Some fords are labelled, eg:- Joulding Ford [on Blackwater] The pattern of roads east of Southampton suggests the ferry across the Itchin, which is labelled:- Ferry a little inland.
relief hill hachuring	Relief is indicated by hill hachuring for ranges of hills, isolated mounds, scarps, etc. Some of these are labelled, eg:- Mount Pleasant Portsdown Weavers Hill [E of Greatham] Bare Hill [SE of Andover] A hill name is used as the name for a stretch of road:- Gravel Hill at miles 51-53 on the road from London to Portsmouth, NE of Petersfield. A hill might be named without being drawn, eg:- Tidbury Hill SE of Longparish and:- Black Down in the New Forest. Some hill names appear as settlement names, eg:- Gilbert Hill [S of Upham] Cuckow Hill [S of F'bridge]
beacons	At least on beacon is marked and labelled:- Sway Beacon which has a tower symbol. Another beacon is implied by a label:- Beacon Hill near Farley. And there is a beacon near Burley.
forests woods trees	Areas of woodland are shown by groups of tree symbols with dotting to indicate undergrowth. The:- NEW FOREST is clearly labelled as an area (rather than a forest?) with woods within the area. The other old forests are mostly ignored excepting:- Watmer Forest ie Woolmer. Quite a few woods are labelled, eg:- Crabwood [W of Winchester] Dole Wood [S of H'Tarrant] SW of Newtown on the north border is:- Woods which is descriptive, not a name. There are a number of clearly drawn avenues of trees, some in parks as at Hackwood, but others outwith a park, as NE of Titherley. Some lone trees are named, eg:- Wilversley Oak to the N of Wilversley Lodge.
commons	Some commons are named on the map, there is no particular symbol or pattern eg:- Aldershot Common Havant Chace At Southsea there is a:- Morass
parks	A park might be shown as an area enclosed by a paling fence, as at:- Bramshill Park The emparked area has trees and undergrowth depicted, as well as dot and circle with two towers, for the house. Grander features, like the avenue mentioned above, may be drawn. Other parks might be labelled by their house name, eg:- Tilney Hall
county	The county boundary is a dotted line. Contiguous counties are named, eg:- BERK SHIRE
hundreds table of hundreds	Hundred boundaries are fine dotted lines. the hundred areas are keyed by numbers to a table of hundreds:- REFERENCES TO THE HUNDREDS
settlements street map	Most settlements are depicted by a group of little blocks along a road. There might be a church drawn as well and some small places just have a church. It would take a careful and detailed analysis to determine why a church is drawn, whether it is significant.
city town	The city and towns are labelled in upright block caps text, eg:- WINCHESTER Notice arrangement of a street plan, and the suburbs, St Giles. ANDOVER

village	Villages and hamlets are labelled, in upright lowercase text, eg:- Quarley S. Mary Bourne Italic lowercase is used for many other features.

house	A great house is shown by a building with two towers, which might be labelled, eg:- Odiam Lodge Powderham Castle Others are shown without a name.

farm	A farm is labelled at:- Hill Farm N of Kingsclere.

electoral data	Some towns have two asterisks on spikes alongside; the number of stars probably indicates the number of members returned to Parliament by the town.
roads road distances distances from London	Roads are drawn in considerable detail using a double line. The 2 lines are bold/light for main routes. Continuous lines are used for fenced roads, dotted for unfenced. Distances from London are marked along the main routes at mile intervals. On cross routes the distances are from the start of the route. Route destinations on the more important roads leaving the county are given, sometimes with a distance, eg:- 30 Miles from Hyde Park Corner to London to Oxford 30 Miles Some roads, or stretches of road, are named, eg:- Popham Lane Chute Causeway Inhurst Lane
miscellaneous
antiquities roman roads	Roman roads might be labelled, eg:- Port Way Roman Road or:- Port Waye and:- Roman Road from Sarum going to Winchester.
antiquities hillforts	A number of barrows and hillforts are labelled, eg:- Quarley Hill Camp 3 Barrows [NE of Winchester] Dunbury Camp Woolbury Ring Kents or Canutes Barrow [NE of Up Wallop]
iron works	On the SE side of Sowley Pond, on the coast to the east of Lymington is:- Furnace
race courses	several race courses are shown. At Stockbridge there is an oval line:- Stockbridge Course And north of Winchester there is an oval ring of posts:- Worthy Dean Course
monuments	To the west side of Malwood Castle it says:- Monument
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PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	Published in 'Britannia: or, a Chorographical Description of the flourishing kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the islands adjacent; from the earliest antiquity. By William Camden. Translated from the edition published by the author in MDCVII. Enlarged by the latest discoveries, by Richard Gough, ... illustrated with Maps ... London: Printed by John Nichols, for T. Payne and Son, Castle Street, St. Martin's and G. G. J. and J. Robinson, Pater-Noster-Row, MDCCLXXXIX.' 1789.
	The atlas is in three volumes with many illustrations as well as the maps; there is a map of Judges's circuits in Great Britain and Ireland, a map of England and Wales, a triangular distance table, etc; the atlas size is 10 x 17 ins.
	Published in 'New British Atlas, being a complete Set of County Maps, on which are delineated all the Roads, Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers & Canals; together with correct general Maps of England, Wales, Scotland, & Ireland. London. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly, 1805.'
	The atlas has title page, contents list, county maps and general country maps; its size is 13 1/4 x 20 ins.
	The 1805 edition has the Andover Canal which is not on the 1789 edition.
	Published in a second edition of Gough's edition of 'Britannia ... London: Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly; By J. Nichols and Son, Red Lion Passage, Fleet Street, 1806.'
	the second edition is in four volumes; there are additional maps of 'Britannia Romana' and 'Saxon England'.
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REFERENCES
	Camden, William & Gough, Richard (trans): 1789: Britannia & Chorographical Description of the flourishing kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, A: Payne, T and Son & Robinson, G G J and J (London)
	: 1805: New British Atlas: Stockdale, John (London)
	Camden, William & Gough, Richard (trans): 1806: Britannia & Chorographical Description of the flourishing kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, A: Stockdale, John (London)
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:ACM1934.74.1 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.5.5 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.5.11 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1999.92 -- map
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	All Old Hampshire Mapped Resources