notes Moll 1724

	Research Notes Map Group MOLL 1724

Moll 1724
	Map, Hamp Shire ie Hampshire, scale about 6.5 miles to 1 inch, by Herman Moll, London, 1724; published 1724-53.
	MOLL's MAP of HAMPSHIRE, 1724 was published in A New Description of England and Wales, by H Moll, T Bowles, C Rivington and J Bowles, London, 1724. The map studied is in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service, items HMCMS:B1990.1148.1. The map size is: wxh, map = 258x189mm; this copy of the map has no side panels.
	Notes have also been made from another copy of the map with side panels, item HMCMS:FA2002.23 and there is a title page from "A Set of Fifty New and Correct maps OF ENGLAND and WALES...1724" item HMCMS:FA1998.9.

	MAP FEATURES, map B1990.1148.1.
	HOUSEHOLD GODS, map FA2002.23
	PUBLISHING HISTORY
	REFERENCES
	ITEMS in the Collection

MAP FEATURES,	map B1990.1148.1.

title cartouche map maker	plain cartouche HAMP SHIRE By H. Moll Geographer. The cartouche is recognisable on other maps by Moll.
orientation compass rose up is N	The map has no North indicator except the scales of latitude and longitude. It is printed with North at the top of the page.
scale line scale	Printed on the right is a scale line of:- English Miles chequered and labelled in miles. The 6 miles = 26.1mm gives a scale 1 to 369164 assuming a modern statute mile. The map scale is about:- 1 to 370000 6 miles to 1 inch An estimate of scale can be made from town positions, comparing known town-town distances using DISTAB.exe. The map scale is about:- 1 to 400000 6.5 miles to 1 inch Source data:- see:- MOL1DIS.txt DISTTAB.exe data
lat and long scales	The map border's have scales of latitude and longitude; chequered in minutes, labelled at 10 minute intervals. As the top scale is partly obscured it is not possible to judge safely what sort of projection is used; its seems to be a trapezoidal projection. The bottom scale is labelled:- ... West from London It is possible to estimate the:- longitude, Winchester = 1d 17.4m W suggesting a prime meridian near Greenwich?
sea area sea plain depth soundings sandbanks	The sea is plain; some sea areas are labelled, eg:- ENGLISH CHANNEL Spit Head Southampton Water There are a few sounding lines, dotted, marking the foreshore and sandbanks. A couple of ?shoals are labelled in The Solent:- Brambles Midle
coast line coast shaded harbours	The coast is shaded for emphasis. Some headlands and points are named, eg:- Hengistbury Head The county's harbours can be recognised, but are not labelled. The two large harbours are drawn with dotted outlines of their main channels, and some islands, for example:- Whale Island in Portsmouth Harbour.
coastal defence castles	Castles are shown along the coast by a tower with a flag:- Hurst Castle Calshot Cas. Netly Cast St And. C. South Sea Cast.
rivers ponds bridges ferries	Rivers are shown by wiggly lines narrowing upstream, the broad part near the coast shares the coast shading with the sea. Some rivers are named, eg:- Tees R. Itchin R. The lake at Alresford is drawn, shaded, but not labelled. A few bridges are clearly shown. Examples: at Redbridge over the Test and Eling over the Bartley Water; and at Boldre over the Lymington River. Others are implied by a road crossing; a few bridges are labelled, eg:- Ivy Br. in Christchurch, and :- Sheet Bridg at Petersfield. Ferries at Hythe and over the Itchin are ignored, but the:- Ferry near Hamble over that river is labelled.
relief hillocks	Hills are indicated by little hillocks, which may be grouped into ranges of hills. The only label is:- Downes near Portsey.
woods forests	Clumps of little tree symbols are used to mark woods and forests, perhaps named, eg:_ Alisholt Forrest [Alice Holt] Bere For. [East Bere Forest]
parks	Parks are shown by a ring of paling fence. Few are named, eg:- New Park in the New Forest, where the engraver has forgotten the fence palings. And:- Southwike which is named by its house or hamlet.
county	The county boundary is a dotted line. Adjacent counties are labelled, eg:- PART OF WILT SHIRE The detached part of Hampshire in Sussex is not shown.
hundreds table of hundreds	Hundred boundaries are dotted lines. The hundreds are keyed to a table of hundreds by letters, A..Z, a..n (Jj and Uu are not used). This is unusual, and seeing how awkward letters are for this task, surprising. Confusingly italic letters a..g, NOT corresponding to the main letter sequence, are used for parts of hundreds. Thus:- A Andover B Bastrae [should be Pastrae or Pastrow] C Evinger D Bartonstacy ... ... a. Christ Church ... a. Part of Evinger Hundred
settlements	Settlements are shown in various ways; there is no table of symbols, so their interpretation is unsure.
city	circle, buildings; labelled in ?italic block caps, eg:- WINCHESTER

town	circle, tower; labelled in upright lower case text, eg:- Rumsey Alton

village hamlet	circle; labelled in italic lower case text, eg:- Chilcum Beriton
	Settlements are also annotated with symbols to qualify or change their meaning. crescent - mostly on towns (but see Hartley Row) possibly indicates a market town, or perhaps a post stage? star (5 point) - usually on a town which already has a crescent, probably marks boroughs which send a member to Parliament, the number of members is not indicated. flag - on a tower or circle changes the meaning to house or castle? cross (+) - marks a town as a city? ie with a cathedral church.
roads road distances	A network of main roads is marked by double lines, with at least one minor road by a single line, the Petersfield, Bramdean, Cheriton route that joins the Alresford to Morestead road. The double lines have either 2 solid, 2 dotted, or 1 solid 1 dotted lines , indicating fenced or unfenced edges. The influence of Ogilby's choice of routes is evident: Ogilby 25, 26, 30, 32 are shown; 39 is shown, but has a minor road from Petersfield to a junction beyond Bramdean; 51, 53, 81, 83, and 97 are all shown. Two extra roads are given: Winchester to Stockbridge; Winchester through Bishops Waltham, Fareham, to Cosham whence Portsmouth. Destinations outside the county given, eg:- to Pool to Bagshot Notice that these are upside down on the left; they read clockwise round the map, which style is seen on other maps. Figures on the roads between settlements give distances from place to place. There might be a line drawn across the road as an intermediate distance point, eg from Wickham, 3 miles from Bishops Waltham, and:- 8 from Fareham. In most cases the end point of segments is taken for granted as to be settlement or a junction.
miscellaneous
antiquities	No ancient monuments are shown. There is only one roman place name on the map:- Vent[i\|e] for Winchester (Venta).
iron works	Iron Mines labelled west of Exbury.
salterns	Salt works labelled south of Milford. Are the little lumps meant to be piles of salt?
copperas works	Boscomb Copperas H. ie house, labelled along the shore from Boscombe.
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HOUSEHOLD	GODS, map FA2002.23
	Copies of the map are found with side panels which have engravings of antiquities, supposedly of interest to the county. The Hampshire sheet has figures of statuettes of, according to Moll:- Mercuris Bacchus Pallas Virgo Vestalis and 3 other unnamed statuettes, and of a coin of Alexander Severus. These are fascinating, but nothing to do with Hampshire! The figures are some of the 19 figures, roman household gods and celtic figures, and a coin, found near Devizes, Wiltshire, about 1714. The last illustration is two sides of:- A Saxon Coin struck at Winchester whose inscription reads, obv/rev:- EADGAR REX ANGLO~ / LEOFSIC NON AMT ie: Edgar king of England (Anglorum) / Leofsic moneyer (monetaris) Hampton, Southampton not Winchester.
	The illustrated figurines on the map are celtic, romano-british, household gods. They were described near the time they were found, 1714, and beautifully illustrated, by William Musgrave, 1719. William Stukeley saw the figurines and said the engravings were 'not at all mended'. Herman Moll's engravings are new illustrations, a quarter of the size of Musgrave's. The figurines, eight of which survive in the British Museum, are described more recently by George Boon, 1972.
	For more on HOUSEHOLD GODS see Musgrave 1717
	Using Musgrave's numbering, the figurines illustrated by Moll are, as identified by Boon, down the left:-
	10. Mars; labelled 'Mercuris'
	11. unidentified; holes for ?reins in hands
	13. unidentified; holes for attributes in clenched hands; now in BM collection
	18. Bacchus; labelled 'Bacchus'
	19. steelyard weight, Venus
	down the right:-
	8. Minerva; now in BM collection; labelled 'Pallas'
	9. genius familiaris; labelled 'Virgo Vestalis'
	Boon, George C: 1972: Genius and Lar in Celtic Britain: Jahrbuch des Roemisch-Germanuschen Zentralmuseums (Mainz, Germany):: pp.265-269 and plates Musgrave, William: 1719: Antiquitates Britanno-Belgae & Belgio Britannico, De (vol.1): (Exeter, Devon): vol.1: pp.123-152 and plates
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PUBLISHING	HISTORY
	Published in 'A New Description Of England and Wales, With the Adjacent Islands. Wherein are contained, Diverse useful Observations and Discoveries In respect to Natural History, Antiquities, Customs, Honours, Privileges, &c. With a Particular Account of the Products, Trade, and Manufactures of the respective Places in every County, and their Improvements or Decays. Together with Many uncommon Observations concerning Mines of several sorts. Also, Several Errors of different kinds are Rectified. The whole illustrated with many Historical and Critical Remarks. To which is added, A new and correct Set of Maps of each County, their Roads and Distances; and, to render 'em the more acceptable to the Curious, their Margins are adorn'd with great Variety of very remarkable Antiquities, &c. By Herman Moll, Geographer. London: Printed for H. Moll over-against Devereux-Court in the Strand, T. Bowles Printseller near the Chapter-House, and C. Rivington Bookseller at the Bible and Crown, in St. Paul's Church-yard, and J. Bowles Printseller over-against Stocks-Market. M.DCC.XXIV.' ie 1724.
	The atlas has a title page and about 30 pages of text, and an index; the authorship of the text is unknown, based on Camden's Britannia; the atlas size is 6 1/4 x 10 1/2 ins; the map is plain on the reverse, versions exist with and without plate numbers; it is said to be based on Speed with the coast line from Joseph Avery's chart of 1722 (Hodson).
	Moll adjusted [fudged] his county boundaries, the preface:- '... you have a new Set of very fair Maps, wherein no Art nor Industry have been wanting to lay down the Places exactly in their proper Longitudes and Latitudes, so that the Distances of them are much rectified and improved, by the careful Perusal of several valuable and exact Surveys; and this will the more plainly appear, by examining the County Maps hitherto extant, whose Positions are so various and irregular, the frontiers of the adjacent Counties by no means agree with one another; whereas in this new set, the upper Part of each Map, except Cornwall, is directly North; and they are so regularly and methodically disposed, as to agree, and all join exactly one with another, and to make it as it were but one continued Map of the whole Kingdom.'
	Published in 'A Set of Fifty New and Correct Maps Of England and Wales, &c. with The Great Roads and Principal Cross-Roads, &c. Shewing the Computed Miles from Town to Town. A Work long wanted, and very useful for Gentlemen that Travel to any Part of England. All, except two, composed and done by Herman Moll, Geographer ... And, to render this Work more acceptable to the Curious, the Margins of each Map are adorn'd with great Variety of very remarkable Antiquities. London: Sold by H. Moll over-against Devereux-Court in the Strand; Tho. Bowles, Print and Map-Seller near the Chapter-House in St. Paul's Church-Yard, and J. Bowles Print and Map-Seller over against Stocks-Market. 1724.'
	The atlas size is 10 1/2 x 6 1/4 ins, it is a reprint without text; the map is unchanged, but does have a plate number, 8? between brackets within the top left border.
	Perhaps published in weekly parts '... Printed for J. Wilford, behind the Chapter-house; T. Bowles print-seller, and C. Rivington, bookseller, in St. Paul's Church-yard; and J. Bowles print-seller, in Cornhill. MDCCXXXIII.' ie 1733.
	It is possible that this publication is the source of maps that have been printed back to back on one sheet.
	Published in 'A New Description Of England And Wales, ... With A Particular Account of the Products, Trade, and Manufactures of the respective Places in every County, and their Improvements and Decays. ... Also several Errors of different kinds are Rectified. To which is added, A new and correct Set of Maps of each County ... London: Printed for J. Wilford, behind the Chapter-house, T. Bowles Printseller, and C. Rivington Bookseller, in St. Paul's Church-yard; and J. Bowles Printseller, in Cornhill. MD CCXXXIII.' ie 1743.
	Published in 'A Set of Fifty New and Correct Maps of the Counties of England and Wales, &c. ... London: Printed for, and Sold by Tho: Bowles, Print and Map Seller, near the Chapter-House in St. Paul's Church-Yard; and J. Bowles, Print and Map Seller, at the Black Horse, Cornhill, 1739.'
	Published in another edition 'The Geography of England and Wales, ...' by Thomas and J Bowles, 1747.
	The atlas is much the same although the title is changed; the map is unchanged in editions of 1739 and 1747.
	Published in 'H. Moll's British Atlas, or Pocket Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales. In which are laid down All the Great Roads, and the Principal Cross Roads in each County, with the Distances from Town to Town. Composed and Engraved by Herman Mill, Geographer; And lately revised and improved, with the Addition of many Hundred Places, by Emanuel Bowen, Geographer to His Majesty, ... London: Printed for Tho. Bowles, near the Chapter House in St. Paul's Church Yard; and J. Bowles and Son, at the Black Horse in Cornhill. MDCCLIII. ...' ie 1753.
	The map is amended by Emanuel Bowles; the copper plates are cut down so that the marginal information on antiquities etc is gone; a few roads are added and the mileage figures increased to be Ogilby's measured miles instead of the computed miles; etc?
	Published in 'The Traveller's Companion; Or, A Complete Set Of Maps Of All The Counties In England And Wales: Laid down from the latest Surveys, and other best Authorities. Distinctly shewing the Cities, Towns, and chief Villages, the Rivers, Sea-Coasts, and Harbours. And being designed for Use in Travelling, all the Great Roads, and principal Cross Roads, are particularly described. Composed by Herman Moll, Geographer. Revised and improved by Emanuel Bowen, Geographer to his Majesty. The Counties are placed in Alphabetical Order, viz. ... London: printed for John Bowles at No.13 in Cornhill.' about 1766.
	Using very old plates, Moll amended by Bowen, this atlas was, perhaps, not very successful. The map has an additional plate number, in brackets? top right.

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REFERENCES
	Moll, Herman: 1724: New Description of England and Wales: Moll, Herman & Bowles, T & Rivington, C & Bowles, J (London)
	Moll, Herman: 1724: Set of Fifty New and Correct Maps of England and Wales: Moll, Herman & Bowles, Thomas & Bowles, J (London)
	Moll, Herman: 1733: New Description of England and Wales: Wilford, J & Bowles, T & Rivington, C & Bowles, J (London)
	Moll, Herman: 1739: Set of Fifty New and Correct Maps of England and Wales: Bowles, Thomas & Bowles, J (London)
	Mill, Herman: 1747: Geography of England and Wales: Bowles, Thomas & Bowles, J
	Moll, Herman: 1753: Moll's British Atlas & Pocket Maps of all the Counties of England and Wales: (London)
	Moll, Herman & Bowles, Emanuel: 1766: Traveller's Companion & Complete Set of Maps of all The Counties In England And Wales: Bowles, John (London)
	Defoe, Daniel: 1927 (edition): Tour through the whole Island of Great Britain: (London): 2 vols: includes reduced copies of Molls maps
also see:-
	related map group -- Stukeley 1723
	related map group -- Simpson 1746
	household gods -- Musgrave 1717
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ITEMS	in HMCMS Map Collection (scanned item in bold)
	HMCMS:B1990.1148 -- descriptive text
	HMCMS:B1990.1148.1 -- map
	HMCMS:FA1998.9 -- title page
	HMCMS:FA2002.23 -- map
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