Map Group BOWEN 1720
NB: the county map has a scale line; the road strip maps have only the mile marks on the roads.
The maps studied are in the Map Collection of Hampshire CC Museums Service: FA1998.18, FA1996.35, FA1999.7, FA1996.36, FA1999.8, FA1999.9, FA1996.37, FA1996.38, FA1999.10, FA1999.11, FA1999.12, FA1997.6, FA1997.96
The road book was published in editions in 1720, about 1722, 1723, 1724, 1730, 1731, 1734, 1736, 1749, 1751, 1753, 1759, 1764, after 1764.
There were corrections to some maps soon after publication, ie in 1720, for instance: pl.130 quotation marks are added to the left end of the description at the foot of the page; pl.262 heading 'See Page 129' added the right mileage column relating to Castle Malwood. By 1759 nearly every plate has some sort of correction, but in the main the plates are the same for all editions.
scroll cartouche
distances from start
The road maps have scroll and foliage cartouches which name the route and provide a table of distances. These titles are on pages preceding the strip maps, with descriptive text; for instance the title:-
THE ROAD FROM / LONDON TO THE LANDS-END / IN CORNWALL Containing 238 and 300'3 Miles vizt / from LONDON Comp. Measd. ...Is on p.59 with part of the descriptive text for London. The road strip map begins on p.60.
The tables of distances, and the note in the heading, give distances in both computed and measured miles (transcribed later). The measured distances are in miles'furlongs.
compass rose
up is destination
There is a compass rose on each strip; a fleur de lys marks north. As the roads are drawn 'up is out from London' the north point is at strange angles across the map scrolls. The compass rose is drawn on each segment of map scroll; they are oriented differently to suit the route. Each compass rose shows the cardinal and half cardinal points by a star, with lines for the false points.
None: but the scale can be estimated from road distances which are marked by a numbered dot every mile.
The map scale is about:-
1 to 140000 ?
2 miles to 1 inchCalculations, see below.
coast shaded
The coast is shaded, eg at Southampton pl.130.
fortifications
A polygonal artillery fort is drawn pl.73 mile 69
a Fort guarding the bridge over Ports Creek,the entrance to Portsea Island.
ponds
fords
bridges
ferries
Avon flu.
Sewers Wateror just labelled:-
a Rill
Most rivers are just drawn where they cross the road. Occasionally the river is drawn alongside, eg in the Itchen valley, pl.130 mile 72-78.
Braiding is not shown, but it is implied for instance at Stockbridge where the test crosses several times in parallel, pl.135 mile 71.
A ford is clearly shown and labelled at Alresford, pl.129 mile 58:-
the Road going through the Water
Here there is also:-
a Pond
ie Alresford Pond pl.129 mile 59.
A ferry is labelled across the Itchen pl.264:-
a Ferry
Bridges are implied but not drawn where roads cross and interupt the drawing of the river. There are clearer indications of a bridge, by drawing a little arch in the road, eg pl.61 mile 41:-
Halsum Bridge
and pl.263 mile 82:-
Oux BridgeSometimes the material of the bridge is noted, eg pl.97 mile 9:-
Sheat Bridge of Stoneor pl.78 mile 66, Andover:-
Stone Br. 5 Arches
At Amesbury, Wiltshire pl.78 mile 80+ both 'Wood Br' and 'Stone Bridge 3 Arc over Avon Flu.' are labelled.
There is an example of islands in a river on the Thames by Brentford, pl.60 mile 9-10, outwith Hampshire.
hillocks
Hillocks are drawn to indicates ups and downs in the route. The drawing of the hills is by shading lines (?), not always very clearly done. Bowen sometimes uses Ogilby's convention to distinguish ascents from descents, shewing descents with an upsidedown hillock. For example the descent and ascent on a sheep down pl.73 mile 58. Hills might be grouped, for example at pl.61 mile 61-162 near Hurstbourne. Hills might be drawn beside or all round the road, denoting hilly ground?
Longdon~ Beacon
in Sussex.
forests
trees
vegetation
Drawings of trees seem not to be used as decoration but to indicate woodland. The wood might be named, eg pl.73 mile 64-65:-
Bear Forest
Woods nearby might be suggested by the label on a side turning, eg pl.264 mile 20:-
into ye ForestA lone tree might be marked, perhaps because it is at a county boundary? Eg pl.97 mile 8:-
Maiden Oak
Also pl.130 mile 4:-
Halfway Oak
between Romsey and Southampton.
Bowen suggests the appearance of the surrounding scenery in a number of places, labels like:-
Corn Fields
Inclosures
a Hedge
Common Fields
Arable on both Sides
Pasture
Sheep Downs
Furzie Ground
Heathland might be more strongly indicated by stippling, eg pl.73 mile 66-67:-
Purbeck Heath
Park
running alongside the road and off to the side.
Elsewhere a ring of fence palings is drawn, and labelled, eg pl.130 mile 22, Clarendon park in Wiltshire.
Parks were systematically revised when making these maps from the Ogilby originals, gentlemen's names would be outofdate and the names of their seats were removed or disguised. The publisher had asked, in a prospectus, 1718:-
Whereas, since the publishing of Mr. Ogilby's Survey, the Names of several Gentlemen's seats on the Roads are alter'd & others since that time built; Such Gentlemen are desired to transmit an Account thereof (with their Arms wch. shall likewise be inserted near their Seats) to the undertaker Tho: Bowles, Print & Map Seller, near the Chapter House, in St. Paul's Church Yard; where a book of Mr. Ogilby's is kept, to the end the said Seats and Arms may be sett down in their proper Places, or Near the several Roads.Studies of the whole road book suggest that this questionaire approach, as is usual even today, fails to get a useful or reliable response.
enter Hamp Sh
The comment might be very precise, eg pl.216 mile 30:-
on ye middle of ye Bridge enter Hamp Shire
Many place name spellings in the road book are corrected from the Ogilby source; correcting misheard names, replacing Latin by English, removing a scatter of terminal letters 'e', removing alias names, etc.
City - more buildings and streets, name in block caps. There real street plans at the major towns: pl.97 mile 29, Winchester; pl.130 mile 78, Southampton; pl.73 mile 73, Portsmouth. Southampton's houses have gardens behind. Portsmouth has the town gate.
Town - rows of buildings beside streets, upright text, lower case
village on the road - few rows of houses, italic text, lower case.
village off the road - a church, which is mostly what you see as you travel. Churches seem to be properly oriented EW.
house - small building, or larger. This may be named, eg pl.263 mile 74:-
Hursley Lodge
windmills
water mills
Chalton Windmill
A watermill is drawn and labelled at pl.130 mile 3 (from Southampton):-
a Mill
And a small building pl.129 mile 43+ on the Wey is labelled:-
Paper Mill
coat of arms
The map sheets have descriptive text giving information about towns; this is not always on the relevant sheet. The text tells of the foundation, state, parliamentary representation, market days, etc and may be accompanied by a coat of arms.
The school at Alton is noted pl.129 mile 49:-
Free SchoolThis is probably Eggars School.
A cross is drawn by the road pl.263 mile 93.5. This is Picket Post.
At Bluck on ye Heath, pl.130 mile 10 is an upright post symbol:-
Post
tumuli
henges
'The' antiquity of the area is at pl.78 mile 83:-
Stonehenge
in Wiltshire. Drawn as a circle of stones, plus a central stone and an outlier to the east.
ye Stand
This becomes clear when you reach mile 91:-
The Race
The posts belong to the race course by the road just here.
a Smith Shop
with a building, in Sussex. Smithies cannot have been uncommon and are not much noticed, perhaps this one is important because there is a lack of villages on this stretch of road.
Brick kilns are shown pl.96 mile 39, in Surrey.
to Skippords Inn
Inns given on Ogilby's original are probably omitted on the argument that their names are:-
Subject to Changes
Caterns grove
Roads are the main element of these maps, the route running up the middle of parallel scrolls set out across the page. Most roads are drawn with two solid lines, some use dotted lines, this indicates an unfenced road, eg pl.73 mile 45-46 across heathland near Liphook.
The drafting tries to show the traveller what twists and turns might be expected. The road is probably compressed sideways to better fit the scrolls.
Side turnings are shown and diferentiated to show whether they go off sideways, or slightly ahead or back.
Most are labelled with a destination, eg, pl.61 mile 50:-
to BasingTwo or more turnings might be linked by a brace and labelled once, eg 'to Basing' on pl.61 mile 46.
Where the junction is important (ie joins another road in the road book) it might have a more detailed information, eg pl.129 mile 30:-
to Andover being the Road to Exeter and ye Lands Endoutside Bagshot, Surrey. And just beyond Andover where a route splits, pl.78 mile 66+:-
to Salisbury Exeter & ye Lands end
A dagger symbol is drawn by the road pl.264 mile 6.75.
The label with this mark 'to Red Bridge' belongs to the turning across the road. This convention is used more clearly at Brentford pl.60 mile 10 from London where there is both a mark by the turn and by the label the other side of the road.
A star tucked between road and a rill, pl.264 m 9 with the label 'to Ringwood' makes sense if it belongs to the unlabelled turning in Christchurch about mile 10.
In both these instances Bowen is cramped for space to engrave the information. Very few side turnings are extended, but a single dotted line is used occasionally, eg pl.73 mile 66+ going to the church at Southwick.
Distances to places off the road, given by Ogilby, are omitted on these maps.
A road might be named, this is unusal, an example pl.73 mile 40:-
Rood Lane
A gate in the road is marked pl.216 mile 35, south of Kingsclere:-
a Gate
Very rarely a junction is named, eg:-
Lobcocks Corner
pl.62 mile 77, in Wiltshire. The type of side road might be suggested, eg pl.217 mile 36:-
a way in a Lane
A dot is marked in the road every mile, with a number by the side giving the distance from start, usually Cornhill, London.
This is the only indicator of scale.
1 mile = 11.3
1 to 142000
2.25 miles to 1 inch
| pl.60 | pl.73 | pl.97 | pl.216 | pl.217 |
| 12.8 | 8.8 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 11.2 |
| 10.7 | 10.2 | 32.0 (3) | 32.6 (3) | 11.0 |
| 10.6 | 10.7 | 11.1 | 21.1 (2) | 11.5 |
| 46.7 (4) | 22.3 (2) | 12.1 | 34.6 (3) | 9.9 |
| 14.0 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 22.2 (2) | 11.1 |
| 10.4 | 11.2 | 15.0 | 31.3 (3) | 11.7 |
| 11.9 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 13.5 |
| 24.9 (2) | 11.0 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.8 |
| 12.0 | 10.0 | 13.0 | 45.9 (4) | 11.1 |
| 21.6 (2) | 10.9 | 13.0 | 43.2 (4) | 10.3 |
| 13.1 | 12.0 | 14.0 | 20.8 (2) | 10.5 |
| 9.3 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 12.2 (2) | 11.0 |
| 12.0 | 11.1 | 12.9 | ||
| 11.3 | 10.0 | 11.3 | ||
| 10.7 | 12.9 | 9.0 | ||
| 10.8 | 11.4 | 11.2 | ||
| 10.5 | 22.0 (2) | 22.0 (2) | ||
| 12.2 | 11.5 | |||
| 12.2 | 13.0 | |||
| 15.7 |
| 293.4 | 139.7 | 232.9 | 297.7 | 260.5 |
| 25 | 13 | 20 | 27 | 23 |
| 11.7 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 11.0 | 11.3 |
9.3 - 15.7
8.8 - 11.2
10.0 - 15.0
10.4 - 11.5
9.0 - 12.9
Transcription:-
[title cartouche for]
THE ROAD FROM / LONDON TO THE LANDS-END / IN CORNWAL Containing Computed 238 AND Measured 300'3 Miles vizt / from LONDON.
| to | Comp. | Measd. |
| ... | ||
| Bagshot | 23 | 29. |
| Hartley Row | 31 | 38. |
| Basingstoke | 39 | 48'1 |
| Andover | 55 | 66'2 |
| SALISBURY | 70 | 83'6 |
| ... |
0 - 33.5 milesLondon, Kensington; Brentford, Hounslow, Middlesex; Egham, Bagshot, Surrey, to Hampshire border at Blackwater River
coat of arms and text for Whitchurch
coat of arms and text for Shaftesbury
text for Staines
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Whitchurch]
ye Arms of WHITCHRCH
Whitchurch
is a Pleasand Town well Scituated, & a Boro[ ] by Prescription, Governd by a Mayor chosen Annually at the Court Leet of the Dean & Chapter of Windsor: Ld. of ye Mannor. The Members of Parliament are elected by the Freeholders - Inhabitants. Chief Trade consists in Shalloons, - Serges, & other Manufactures.. Market Fryd. Fairs 3d. Thursday in June, & 2 Thursday in October.
33.5 to 66.5 milescontinues to Hartley Row, Hook, Newnham, Basingstoke, Wootton St Lawrence, Whitchurch, Hurstbourne, Andover, Hampshire
coat of arms and text for Honiton
text for Basingstoke
Transcription:-
Basingstoke
Is Govd. by a Mayr. Recordr. 17 Ald. 7 Burgess &c. It drives a great Trade in Malt, & has a great Mt. on Wedn. for Corn &c. & a Fair on Mich~as day. Near ye Town is a famous Trout River. William, the first Lord Sands, created 15 Hen 8vi. built a very fine Chap. in the Town, dedicated to the Holy Ghost, on ye Roof of wch. was curiously painted, ye History of our Saviour, the Apostles, and Prophets. Not far off is Basing house, built by William Pawlet Ld. St. John of Basing, & E. & Marquis of Winchester; a person so favoured for his integrity & councells, that he served in the highest Offices of Trust, under K. Hen. 7th. & K Hen. 8th. K. Ed. 6th. Q. Mar. & Q. Eliz. John Marquis of Winchester that brave Loyalist of the same Family, and Name, made this House a Garrison for K. Charles the 1st. in the beginning of the Civill Wars, and it was several times besieged by the by the Parliament-Party in vain, till Cromwell with his victorious Troops attacked & took it by Storm, the Marquis & St. Tho. Peak who did command under him, were made Prisoners, & this Stately House burnt to the Ground, by the Parliament Army, provoked at the Name of Love Loyalty, wch. the sd. Marq. had given given it, & caused to be written in every Window with a Diamond Ring. The late D. of Bolton, hath rebuilt some convenient Lodgings out of its ruins, but his cheif Seats are Hawkwood, and Abbotstone both near it. (at 48)
66 to 99.5 milesAndover, Middle Wallop, Hampshire; Salisbury, White Sheet Hill, Wiltshire
coat of arms and text for Milbourn Port
coat of arms and text for Ashburton
36.5 to 73 milespart of Surrey; Liphook, Hampshire; part of West Sussex; Petersfield, Horndean, Cosham, Portsmouth, Hampshire
coat of arms and text for Portsmouth
text for Portsea Island
coat of arms and text for Francis North
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Portsmouth]
ye Arms of PORTSMOUTH
Portsmouth
a large Strong & well Built Sea Port Town, Fortified by Edwd. 4th. Henry 7th. & 2: Eliz: But last by K: Charles 2d. who made it Impregnable. It is also Noted for its Good Harbour, Docks, Store-Houses, Rope-Yards, & all other Conveniences for the Navy Royall. Incorporated last by K: Charles 1st. is Govd. by a mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, Baylifs & Common Councill Men Sends Burgesses to Parliament. In this Town George Villiers Duke of Buckingham, intending a Second Expedition into France, was Stabb'd by John Felton a Lieutenant in ye Army. Here also ye Marriage between K: Charles 2d. & Q: Katherine of Portugal was Consum~ated May 14th. 166[2]. Markets Tuesday, Thursday, & Saturd. & one Free Mart (Vizt) St. Peters Day, wch. holds 15 Days.
The Island of Portsey
Is about 14 Miles in Circumference. It is encompassed at high Tides wth. Sea Water, of wch. they make Salt, & is joyned to the Continent, by a Bridge over an Arm of the Sea, which has a Fort for its defence. Athelsled Wife of K: Edgar gave this Island to New-minster in Winchester.
Transcription:-
[title cartouche for]
The Road from / LONDON to BARNSTAPLE, &c. / Contains as follows & Com~ences at Andover (see Page 62)
From London to
| Andover | 55 | 66'2 |
| Amesbury | 65 | 80'5 |
| ... |
66 to 104 milesAndover, Monxton, Hampshire; Amesbury, Shrewton, Warminster, Wiltshire
coat of arms and text for Andover
text for Warminster
text for Amesbury
text for Maiden Bradley
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Andover]
ye Arms of ANDOVER
Andover
a very Flourishing & Trading Town incorporated last by Q: Eliz: under a Bayliff, High Steward, Recorderder, 10 approved Men (out of whom are Chosen [2] Justices) 22 capitall Burgesses. Memb: for Parliamentare Elected by a Majority of ye Corporation. Their Trade consists in Malt Shalloons &c. Markets Saturday. Fairs May 1st. & Novemr. 6th. Near this Town also is Fair Yearly on Septr 30th. call'd Wey-hill Fair, from ye little Village wherein tis kept, Esteem'd ye greatest in England for Sheep: Farmers from ye North, South & East, Resorting to it, to Buy Dorset-shire Ewes. It is also very Considerable for Kentish, & Sussex, Hops; & GlocesterShire, & SomersetShire Cheese, which are brought to this fair in great Abundance.
Transcription:-
[title cartouche for London to Chichester and The Branch to WINCHESTER]
From Midhurst to
| Com. | Measd. | |
| Petersfield | 8 | 10'6 |
| WINCHESTER | 20 | 29 |
30.5 to 63.5 milesGuildford, Godalming, Surrey; Midhurst, Chichester, West Sussex
coat of arms and text for Bishoprick of Chichester
coat of arms and text for Petersfield
coat of arms and text for Anthony Brown of Cowdrey Place
text for Midhurst
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Petersfield]
ye Armes of PETERSFILD
Petersfield
Is a Borough by ye Stile of Mayor and Commonality: who tho Incorporated by Charter Temp Eliz. Reginae, and others more Ancient, have remissly Suffered all their Priviledges to be managed by the Family of the Hamborrows Lords of the Mannor, at whose Court the Mayor is Annually chosen. Members for Parliament are Elected by the Freeholders within and without the Borough. It has 1 Church. Market Saturday. 2 Fairs (Vizt.) St. Peters, and St. Andrews Days.
0 to 29 milesMidhurst, West Sussex; Petersfield, Winchester, Hampshire
coat of arms for Winchester
coat of arms for Deanery of Winchester
coat of arms for Charles Paulet, Marquis of Winchester
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Winchester]
ye Arms of WINCHESTER
WINCHESTER (& Old Venta Belgarum)
is a very Ancient & Famous City, Said to have been built abt. 900 Years before our Saviour: It had formerly 32 Paarish Churches, has now but 9. besides the Cathedral dedicated to the Holy Trinity, a very Magnificent and Curious Pile, in the Choir of which Lyes Willm. Rufus whoe Marble Coffin (as tis related) being opened by the Souldiers in ye Civill Wars, about the Year 1641, there was found in it on his Thumb a Ring of Gold with a Ruby sett in it. The Bishop of this See (which is reckoned the 2d. in England in point of Revenue) are by a Peculiar priviledge Chancellors to the Arch Bishop of Canterbury, and Prelates of the Noble Order of the Garter; Wm. Wickhma, that great Patron of Learning, and Bishop of this See, founded that Noble Colledge or School in this City, which has produced so many eminent Statesmen and Divines, he endowed it with a handsome Maintenance for a Warden 10 Fellows, 2 Masters, 70 Schollars, 3 Chaplains; & 3 Clerks: an Organist, 16 Choristers, & Menial Servants. Not far from the said Colledge is the Bishops Palace, a very handsome Structure, founded by Bishop Morley, about ye Year 1684, and since considerbaly improved by his Successors: He also erected a Colledge in the Cathedral Chur~ Yard Anno 1672. and annexed to it a handsome Revenue for 10 Clergymens Widows. The Ancient and Fortifyed Palace of the Bishops called Woolvesey built Anno 1137 by Henry Bishop of this See, was destroyed in ye late Rebellion. On the ruins of the Old Castle K: Charles 2d. Anno 168[3] founded a Royal Palace, which he left unfinished: but was afterwards successfully carryed on and is at present a Compleat & Noble Structure. Maud the Empress was so Straitly besieged in the said Castle, by King Stephen that she was forced to Use the Strategem of pretending her Self Dead, and being Shut up in a Coffin, by that means got of. The Body Politi[que] of this City, by Charter from 2: Elizabeth, consists of a Mayor, High Steward, Record: and Aldermen, not limited in Number (out of whom are chosen 6 Justices) 2[4] Com~on Council Men, [2] Coroners, 2 Bayliffs, & a Town Clark, with Sub. Officers. The Free-Men Elect Members of Parliament: Markets Wednesday and Saturday. Fairs first Monday in Lent, St. Swithins Day, October 13th. Mary Magdalen, and St. Giles's Day.
[coat of arms of Paulet]
WINCHESTER
Gives Title of Marquis, to ye Most Noble Charles Paulet, Summon'd to Parliament by Writ in 1717.
[coat of arms of Deanery of Winchester]
The DEANERY of WINCHESTER
Erected about the Year 1540, The Priory being dissolv'd, AD. 1530
Wm. Kingsmill - first Dean.
29.5 to 61.5 milesBagshot, Frimley, Surrey; part of Hampshire, Farnham Heath; Farnham, Surrey; Bentley, Alton. New Alresford, Hampshire
text for Farnham
text for Alton
part of text for Southampton
coat of arms and text for James Cecil, Earl of Salisbury
Transcription:-
Alton (at 50)
Is a place abounding wth: Wood, & has a good Mt. for Provisions on Sat: with a Fair on _________ The Manor, before the Dissolution of Religious Houses, belonged to the Monastery of Hide, & was afterward given by K: Hen: 8th., to Richard Pescal Esqr. who again exchanged with the said K:, for other Lands in Wiltshire. This Town gave name to Wm: de Alton, who wrote in Ed 2ds. time, That the Virgin Mary was stain'd with Original Sin, as well as the rest of Mankind; And near it was born Fryar Pitts, Jesuit Sanders's Nephew, a famous Man beyond Sea (temp Ja[c] 1mi. R[ ]) who died Dean of Verdun in Lorrain . Here is a Charity school for 40 Boys, & 20 Girls.
Southampto~ at 78
Supposed to stand on the ruins of the old Clausentium, Is a place of antiquity and Note, wither the Saxon & Danish Kings used frequently to resort. K. Canutus, after many prosperous Battles, becoming sole Monarch of England, & hapning to be iin this Town; the Paresites abt. him complimented him with Divine Attributes, and would feign have persuaded him all things were subject ot his Royal Will. To expose such false & fullsome flattery : The King ordered his Chair of State to be brought to the Seaside; wherein sitting in ye presence of his Court[i]ers, he spake to ye Ocean after this manner, 'Thou art my Subject, & the Ground wheron I sit is mine, nor have any hitherto been disobedient to me, without being severley punished. Therefore I, strictly charge & comand thee not to approach my Ground, or wet the Cloaths or Feet of me thy Lord and Master.' But the angry Sea [whose raging is only still'd by its Great Creator] regardless of the King's Comands and Threats, continued its wonted Course, and rudely wet his Majesties Feet & Robes. Whereupon starting up a suddain he thus expresses himself. 'Let
Continued in ye following Page.
62 to 79 milescontinues to Southampton, Hampshire
AND a branch route
0 to 25.5 milesSouthampton, Romsey, Hampshire; Whiteparish, Salisbury, Wiltshire
coat of arms and text for Southampton
text for New Alresford
coat of arms and text for Charles Fitzroy, Duke of Cleveland and Southampton
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Southampton]
the Arms of SOUTHAMPTON
'Let this convince ye whole World, That poor and Weak is ye power of its greatest Monarchs, & that is worthy of ye Title of King, but he whose Will being an eternal Law, ye Heavens & Earth & Sea obey; And he would never after suffer ye Crown to be put on his Head, but imediately crowned ye Statue of our Saviour at Winchester with it. In ye Wars between K Ed. 3d. & Philip of Valois, it was burnt by ye French, & out of its Ashes presently rose up ye more flourishing Town now standing, wch. is washed wth. 2 Rivers, Tese & Itching, surrounded with double Ditches & strong Walls, with Battlements, & fortifyed wth. a Castle, built all of square stone by K. Rich. 2d. upon a high raised Mount for ye security of ye Town & Harbor; K. Hen 5th. intending his 1st. expedition into France, rendezvous'd wth. his Army here, & discovering a conspiracy of Richd. E. of Cambridg, ye Ld. Scroop, & Sr. Thos. Grey, who were hired by ye French King, for a Million of Gold to destroy him, & ruin ye enterprize, He caused the~ to be imediately condemn'd, beheaded, & buried, in ye Chapl. of Gods house at Winchester, & so proceeded in his Voyage. Here Philip of Spain landed Ao. 1554 when he came to marry Q. Ma. This Town tho' it has suffered by ye Wars, with France, & other Accidents, still retains a good share of trade having in it a Custom house, & a convenient Dock for Ships. It was 1st. incorpd. by K. Hen 2d. then by K. Ino. made a Town & County bby K. Hen. 8th. reced~. its last Chart. from K. Ch. 1st. & is now govd. by a Mayr., 9 Iustices, 2 Bayliffs, a Sheriff & 24 Com~ Councl. mn. & 24 Burgs. Memb. for Parl. elect. by ye Burges. & all that pay to ye Chu. & Poor. There are 5 Par. Chs. besides 1 for the French. Mts. Tu. Thu. & Sat. Fairs ye Tu. before Shrovetide, Trin. Mond. St. Marks-d., & Tu. after St. Andrews d.
[coat of arms]
This Town gives title to his Grace Charles Fitz-Roy Duke of Cleeveland & Southampton Created D. Septembr. 10th. 1675 Cheif Seat at Bayleys in Com~. Bucks.
Alresford
Is a Borough Town of great Antiquity Govd. by a Bayliff & 8 Burgesses; & is said to have been given by the Pious K: Kinewale to the Church of Winchester, after he had reced ye Christian Sacraments fromye hands of Bp. Birinus; soon after ye Gospel was first preached in Britain. It was entirely destroyed by Fire on May day 1610; before which time there was not one Person that reced~ Alms in the Parish. It has been since advantageously rebuilt, having a good Market House with a great Mt. on Thursd for Sheep, Provions, &c. Fairs on Holy-Th: & Midsumer-day (at 60)
50 to 85.5 milesBasingstoke, Sutton, Stockbridge, Broughton, east Dean, Hampshire; part of Wiltshire
coat of arms and text for Stockbridge
text for Blandford
text for Isle of Portland
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Stockbridge]
Ye Arms of STOCKBRIDGE
Stockbridge
Is a Town, tho' small yet well accomodated for Travellors; The Corporation consists of a Bayliff, Constable, & Serjeant: Memb: for Parl: ate chosen by the Inhabitants that pay to Church, & Poor. Mts. Thu. Fairs Holy Th. St. Peters & St. Lukes days for Cattle &c.
50 to 85.5 milesBasingstoke, Sutton, Stockbridge, Broughton, east Dean, Hampshire; part of Wiltshire
coat of arms and text for Stockbridge
text for Blandford
text for Isle of Portland
Transcription:-
[coat of arms of Stockbridge]
Ye Arms of STOCKBRIDGE
Stockbridge
Is a Town, tho' small yet well accomodated for Travellors; The Corporation consists of a Bayliff, Constable, & Serjeant: Memb: for Parl: ate chosen by the Inhabitants that pay to Church, & Poor. Mts. Thu. Fairs Holy Th. St. Peters & St. Lukes days for Cattle &c.
0 to 35.5 milesOxford, Oxfordshire; Abingdon, east Ilsley, Newbury, Berkshire; Kingsclere, Hampshire
coat of arms and text for Bishoprick of Chester (!)
text for Ilsley
text for Donnington Castle
35.5 to 81 milesBasingstoke, Alton, Petersfield, Hampshire; Chichester, West Sussex
coat of arms and text for Chichester
text for Alton
text for Vale of the White Horse
Transcription:-
Alton (at 53)
A pretty large Town has a good Mt. on Saterday
North Tidworth, EWiltshire; tiny gusset of Hampshire; Salisbury, Wiltshire; Cranborn, Wimbourne Minster, Poole, Dorset
coat of arms and text for Poole
coat of arms and text for Wimborne St Giles
text for Wantage
text for Winterbourne
introduction
Map of Hampshire -- see below
Transcription:-
[title cartouch for]
The Road from / LONDON to POOL. / Containing 88 com. & 110'5 measd. Miles, Com~encing at Alresford see Page 129
| to | ||
| Alresford | 47 | 59'7 |
| Winchester | 54 | 67'3 |
| Rumsey | 63 | 78'6 |
| Castle Malwood | 69 | 86'3 |
| Knaston | 83 | 104'5 |
| Pool | 88 | 110'4 |
| From Pool to | ||
| Christ Church | 10'4 | |
| Limington | 22 |
From Southampton to Winchester 12
60 to 97 milesNew Alresford, Winchester, Romsey, Malwood Castle, Ringwood, Hampshire
coat of arms and text for Lymington
text for Romsey
text for Malwood Castle
text for Ringwood
Transcription:-
Rumsey (at 79)
Is a large & ancient Town, Govd. by a Mayor, 16 Ald~, a Recorder, & 12 Burgesses, It trades cheifly in Cloath, & has a good Mt. on Sat. & Fairs on East. Mond. ,Augt. 15th., & Sts. Simon & Jude.
Here was formerly a Nunnery built by K. Edgar, out of which Mathew of Alsace, Son to the E. of Flanders, found means privately to convey the Princess, Mary K. Stephen's only Daughter & Heir, then Abbess & married her but was so pursued & threatned by the Church, that after he had 2 Children by her, he was obliged to resign her, that she might return to the Performance of her Vow.
Malwood Castle (at 86 1/2)
Has on ye N. side of it an Oak wch. very remarkably buds on Christmas day, & withers again before Night. There is a vulgar Tradition, that this is ye Tree on wch. Sr. Walter Tyrrel's Arrow glanced that killed K. Will Rufus. K. Cha. 2d. ordered it to be paled in whether out of respect to ye Tree or ye sd. King is uncertain.
Ringwood (at 97)
Was a place of some Eminency in ye Saxon times, is noted only at present for its Mt. on Wedn. for Corn, &c.
[coat of arms of Lymington]
Ye Arms of LIMINGTON
Limington
Is an ancient Boro~ Town, govd. by a Mayr. (chosen yearly at ye Court Leet of ye Ld. of ye Manor, who is at present Tho: Buckley Esqr.) Ald. & Burgesss. Membs. for Parl. are chosen by ye Burgesss. within & without ye Boro~, whose Number is uncertain, & returned by ye Mayor. Mt. on Sat. & Fairs May-day, & St Matthews day, The Town is pleasantly scituate on a Hill in a healthy Air, & with a very fine prospect to the Isle of Wight. It is noted for its excellent Salt, and formerly supplyed ye greatest Part of the West of England with that Commodity, and though it has been of late greatly impaired in that branch of Trade, by the Mercahnts of Leverpool conveying their Cheshire Salt upp the Severn Channel, & affording it at a cheaper rate, yet it still drives a considerable Trade otherwise having a very Comodious Port for Shipping, with a Key & Custom House.
98 to 110.5 milespart of Hampshire; Knaston, Poole, Dorset
0 to 22 milesPoole, Christchurch, Dorset; Lymington, Hampshire
0 to 12 milesSouthampton, Winchester, Hampshire
coat of arms of Christchurch
text for New Forest
coat of arms of Deanery of Christchurch
coat of arms and text for of Christchurch
Transcription:-
New Forrest
Is a plain Monument of Will: ye Conqueror's arbitrary power, & Tyranny. It was, before he turn'd it into a Forest, Ao. R~ni 14o. A.D. 1080. a Countrey well inhabited containing many Vill. & Towns, & 36 Mother Chs. all wch. he destroyed turning the poor Inhabitants to seek themselves habitations where they could find ym., The Ground afforrested here by him is sd. to have been little less than 50 M. in compass: For his care & provision for Wild Boasts, He was justly stiled their Father & for his cruelty to his Fellow Creatures under him, it was sd. of him, It is better to have been his Stag than his Subject. Divine Vengeance seems very aptly to have punish'd his Crime in ye place where it was comitted: Two of his own Children were kill'd in this Forest Vizt. Richd. his 2d. Son, who was gored to death by a Deer, or as some say poisoned with a pestilential Blast & Will. Rufus who when King was fatally by Sr. Walter Tyrrel as he was eagerly pursuing his game here. Henry his Grandson, by Robt. Curtoise his eldest Son, being likewise in eager pursuit of his Sport in this Forrest, was entangled like Absolom by a Bough, where he hanged till he died This Forest has belonging to it a Ld. Warden 2 Rangers, & a Bow-bearer.
[coat of arms of the Deanery of Christchurch]
The DEANERY of CHRIST CHURCH
Erected by K: Henry 8th. A.D. 1532. John Hygdon first Dean. Refounded by the same King. Richd. Cox D.D. the first Dean
[coat of arms of Christchurch]
The ARMS of CHRIST CHURCH
Christ Church
Called heretofore Twinamburne from its scituation between ye two Rivers Stour & Avon, has its modern Name from ye Church dedicated to our Saviour. 'Tis a large and populous Boro~ Town and Corp~., by ye stile of Mayr. Burgesss. and Comonalty, govd. by a Mayr. Recordr. Bayliffs, Ald, and a Com~ Council, electing Membs. for Parl. by a majority of ye Burgesses within & without ye Boro~, driving Trade chiefly in Silk, Stockings, and Gloves and enjoying a Weekly Markt. on Mond~. and 2 Fairs yearly, Vizt. ye Th. Sevennight after Whitsund., and Octr. 6th. It is said to have had its first Grants and Privileges from Baldwin de Ridvers 1st. E of Devon [temp R[s]. Stephanis] of that Name whose Portaiture is now ye Town Seal Richd de Ridvers E of Devon, fortified it with a strong Castle [temp. Hen 1mi] & considerably augmented ye revenues of its ancient College of Prebendaries wch. being first built in ye Saxon times afterwds. restored by Ralph Flammard Bp. of Durham, [temp. Willi. Rufi. & enrich'd by ye sd. E. continued famous till ye time of Hen. 8th. when it was dissolv'd.
title
A MAP of / HAMP / SHIRE'
up is N
scale
old english mile
English Miles10 miles = 23.8mm, wrongly assuming a modern statute mile this gives a scale about
1 to 675000 ?
11 miles to 1 inchA better estimate of scale is got from measuring the position of towns and comparing with known town-town distances. Using DISTAB.exe the scale is:-
1 to 850000 ?
13.5 miles to 1 inchThe map maker's mile is an:-
Old English Mile = 1.26 statute miles
hillocks
coast shaded
headlands
Rams Head
bridges
Bridges might be shown, even where there is no road, eg at Fordingbridge.
table of hundreds
BERKS, to Basingstoke
SURREY, Blackwater, Basingstokoe, Whitchurch, to Andover
Grately, to WILTS
Andover, Nether Wallop, to WILTS
Basingstoke, Stockbridge, to WILTS
SURREY, across a corner of Hampshire, SURREY (Farnham), Alton, Alresford, junction, Twyford, Bishopstoke, to Southampton
SURREY, Liphook, Petersfield, to Portsmouth
Petersfield, junction, Winchester, Romsey, Ringwood, to DORSET (Poole)
joining two junctions noted above
Romsey, to Southampton
near Basingstoke, to near Romsey ?
Southampton, Lymington, to Christchurch (DORSET)
WINCHESTER
WhitchurchThe stars might indicate how many members are sent to Parliamnet. These are likely market towns as well.
Basingstoke
Up Wallop
MAP SYMBOLS
NB. The following Characters in each of the Maps here referred to do denote [circle, towers with crosses, key] Bishoprick [circle, tower, 2 stars] Borough Towns [circle, cross] Market Towns [dot] Towns of less Note and Villages.
Boroughs
Andover
Christ Church
Lemington
Petersfield
Portsmouth
Southampton
Stockbridg
Whitchurch
WINCHESTER
Market Towns
Alresford
Alton
Basingstoke
Bushwaltham
Farham
Fordingbridge
Havant
Kingsclere
Odiam
Ringwood
Rumsey
Silcester
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
The County of SOUTHAMPTON is / 160 Miles in Circumference, contains abt. / [1312500] Acres, 30 Hundreds, 9 Borroughs, / and 20 Market Towns, 253 Parishes, / & 26851 Houses. The Air is very / wholesome, & the Soil various, some / Gravelly, some Chaulky but gene= / rally covered with abundance / of Trees. Tis rich & fruitful / yielding all manner of Grain, / Wool Wood Iron Fish, & Flesh. / The Sea Coast abounds in Oys+ / ters & Lobsters, & other Salt Wa= / ter Fish, but this County is parti / cularly famous for excellent Ho= / ney & Bacon, esteemed the sweet= /est in the Kingdom. Its cheif Ma / nufactures are Kersies & Stuffs. / Pays to the 2 [Shill Aid 2194-3-04]
TITLE PAGE
BRITANNIA DEPICTA / OR / OGILBY improv'd; / being a Correct Coppy of Mr. OGILBY's / ACTUAL SURVEY of all ye Direct & Principal Cross / ROADS in ENGLAND and WALES: / Wherin are exactly Delineated & Engraven, All ye / CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, CHURCHES, SEATS &c. / scituate on or near the ROADS, with their respective / Distances in MEASURED and COMPUTED MILES. / And to render this WORK universally Usefull & agreeable, [beyond / any of it's kind] are added in a clear & most Compendious Method /
1, A full & particular Description & Account of all the CITIES, BOROUGH-TOWNS, TOWNS-CORPORATE &c. their ARMS. Antiquity, Charters, Privileges, Trade, Rarities, &c. with / suitable Remarks on all places of Note drawn from the / best HISTORIANS and ANTIQURIES - / By INO. OWEN of the MIDD: TEMPLE Gent. /
2, The ARMS of the PEERS of this REALM who derive / their Titles from places lying on, or near the ROADS /
3, The ARMS of all ye BISHOPRICKS & DEANARIES, their found / -dation, Extent, Yearly-Value, Number of Parishes &c. /
4, The ARMS, & a succinct Account of both UNIVERSITIES & their respective COLLEGES, their foundations, Fellowships &c. /
Lastly Particulars & Correct MAPS of all ye Counties of SOUTH BRITAIN; with a / Summary description of each County, its Circumference, Number of Acres, Boro. & Market / Towns & Parishes, Air, Soil, Com~odities, Manufactures & what each Pays in ye [ ] Aid Ec. /
The Whole for its Compendious Variety & Exactness, preferable to all other Books of / Roads hitherto Published of Proposed; And calculated not only for the direction of / the Traveller [as they are] but the general use of the Gentlemen and Tradesmen /
[ye 4th. Edition.] By EMAN: BOWEN Engraver / LONDON Printed for & Sold by Tho: Bowles Print & Map Seller next ye Chapter House / iin St. Pauls Church-Yard & I. Bowles Print & map Seller over against [Stocks] Market [ ]
PREFACE PAGES
A Table of all the ROADS contain'd in this BOOK
Having dispos'd all the Principal ROADS of ENGLAND & WALES into 4 Classes, under ye distinction / & order following Vizt Independant & Dependant Direct Roads, Principal & Accidental Cross Roads.
The first containing all the Direct Inde- / -pendant Roads from London are these -
from London to -
11 Lands End _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59.
13 Portsmouth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71.
The Second containing all the Direct De- / -pendant Roads, being Such as at Several / distances branch out of ye former Independant / Roads, are these -
from London to -
15 Barnstable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77
19 Chichester _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 95
28 Southampton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128
30 Weymouth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 134
The Third Class contains all ye Principal / Independant Cross Roads, observing ye Alpha / betical order from ye Initial City or Town are these -
55 Oxford to Chichester _ _ _ 215
57 Oxford to Salisbury _ _ _ 221
The 4th Class containing all ye Accidental Cross Roads / i.e. Such Roads as are not in a Direct Linee but com- / prise either 2 or 3 Horizontal bearings which are these
70 London to Pool _ _ _ _ _ _ 262
The Title of every Road is a Distinct Page; to each of / which is annex'd a Map of ye County wherin the Initial / or Boundary City Town or Place lies [for the nost- / part] or else Some part of the description of ye Road / itself. /
The beginning of the Road is always at the bottom on / the left Hand, in the Page following the Title; whence you / proceed upwards from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 &c Miles untill you come / to the Top of the first Collum; and so on in like man~er / from the Bottom of the 2d. 3d. &c. beginning in every / Page on the left Hand as before directed -
The Black Dots or Points in the middle of the Road, / are the Stations of the Miles, with their respective / nos. affixed to them.
When any other Road Crosses or goes out of the Road / described there is an opening with the name of the / Place to which it goes: And in your progress you meet / with Rills, Brooks, Rivers, Bridges, [the Plan of / the Road shewing whether built of Wood, Brick, / or Stone, No. of Arches contain'd in each if of any / Note] Woods, Trees, Mountains and Hills [shew- / ing their Ascent or Descent as they really are, ve- / ry Naturally] The Plan of the Road having at the / Same time the Ichnography of all Citys, Towns / &c. and the Compass in each Collum the True / Bearings both of the Road itSelf and of all the Towns / and Places that offer themselves to your View on either / Side of it. The Road is all the Way bounded with 2 Paral- / lel Black Lines if inclosed or Hedg'd in on both sides, or / else if open, with 2 Parallel Dotted Lines, or lastly, if bound- / ed or Hedged in on One Side and open on the other, with / a Black Line and a Dotted Line Parallel to it.
The name of the Country the Road passes through is Engrav'd / on each Collum.
In the Margin or some other convenient Place of every Page / is likewise Engraved a Description of the City's, Boroughs, / [with the Arms of all such that have any] Corporations, / Market Towns, and whatever is remarkable, with figures / referring to the places where they are to be found in the Plan / of that Road: but to the intent that the Reader might / readily find out any place describ'd in this Book, we have / hereunto subjoyn'd an Alphabettical Table of all such places, / And wheras in the whole course of these Roads there are / many places repeated often in the Plan: The Reader / must therefore have recourse to the aforesaid Table to / direct him to the place he wants, it being describ'd only in / One.
Note The following Table refers both to ye Arms & ye descripti- / on of every City and Borough Town at Once, they being insepe- /rably connected together throughout this Book.
A Table of ye Cities Towns &c. describ'd in this Book.
Cities Towns &c. Page
Alton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 217
Alton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129
Andover _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78
Basingstoke _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61
Christ Church _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 204
Limington _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263
Malwood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263
Petersfield _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 96
Portsmouth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73
Ringwood _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263
Rumsey _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 263
Southampton _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129
Stockbridge _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125
Whitchurch _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60
Winchester _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97
A Table of ye Peers Arms
Dukes
Marquesses
Winchester _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97
Earls
Viscounts
Barons
N.B. The Arms of the / Peers who derive Titles / from any of the Counties of / South Britain are placed / in ye Maps of those Counties
See a Table of all the / Counties in ye following Pages
A Table of all the MAPS contain'd in the BOOK
Hampsh. _ _ _ _ _ _ 262
NB. The following Caracters in each of the Maps here referred to do denote [ ] Bishoprick / [ ] Borough Towns. [ ] Market Towns. [ ] Towns of less Note and Villages.
All England & Wales in relation to Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is divided into 2 Provinces, Canterbury and / York. The ArchBishop of Canterbury is stiles Primate of all England & Metropolitan; & ye ArchBishop of York / Primate of England & Metropolitan. Under these are 24 Bishops, 21 under Canterbury & 3 under York. / The Names of ye BP.ricks belonging to each are set down in ye following Table wch. also refers to ye places where / both ye BP.ricks & Deanaries are severally describ'd.
Winchester [b'rick see here][deanary see p.97]
The Bishoprick of WINCHESTER
[coat of arms]
Contains the Counties of / Surrey & Southampton / & ye Isles of Wight, Jersey, / Guernsey, Sark, & Alder- / ney, & therein 386 Pars. / Was founded by Kinegil- / fas K. of ye West Saxons, AD / 650 St. Birinethe first BP. / Value 3193~=4s=7d=1/4: / Chief Seats Farnham Castle in / Surrey, Wolvesey House in Winchester, Chel- / sea House in Middlx.
NB, the Arms &c. on either Side of this Table / are placed in this Page for want of convenient / Room in the Places where they ought to have been inserted.
Advertisment
Whereas in this Work there is an omission of Some / particulars set forth in ye Proposals; ye Undertakers / have Since ye publishing ye said Proposals been ad- / vised to omit ye same as immaterial, & doubt not but / ye Subscribers will think Such omission amply re / compensed by Several very material [& more / expencive] Additions never proposed.
